The Last Departure of the Long March of the Red Army

Author: 梅 谌 ：

Memorial Hall of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou Revolutionary Base, Yongding District, Zhangjiajie, Hunan

The Xianghe, Sichuan and Guizhou Revolutionary Base was the last southern red created by the older generation of proletarian revolutionaries such as Ren Xishi and He Long and other older generation of proletarian revolutionaries after led the Red Second and Red Six Legion divisions in Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, and Guizhou. Base. The Xiang, Hubei, Sichuan -Guizhou Revolutionary Base, has an important position in the history of the Chinese revolution and has made great contributions to the Chinese revolution.

The formation of the formation of the Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou Revolutionary Base

The Hunan -Hubei Sichuan and Guizhou Revolutionary Base, which was formally formed in November 1934, was developed on the basis of the Guizhou East Revolutionary Base in He Long's leading the Red Army. The Guizhou East Revolution Base is a revolutionary base that was forced to move in the context of the Ben of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Sichuan, Sichuan, Sichuan, Sichuan, and the western revolutionary base. The first revolutionary base opened by the party in the Yunnan -Guizhou Plateau. Although the Guizhou East Revolutionary Base is not long and the region is not large, its establishment is of great significance for the Red Army, the Red Six Army, and the Hunan, Hubei Sichuan and Guizhou Revolutionary Base.

In December 1933, after the Red Army was forced to withdraw from the Revolutionary Base in the Western Hunan Hubei and Hubei, the strategic goal of the next step in the Western Central Branch of the CPC Hunan and Hubei was "creating the new Soviet area of ​​the Xiang, Hubei, Sichuan, Sichuan, and Sichuan. Under the leadership of He Long, Xia Xi, and Guan Xiangying, the Red Armed Forces worked hard in the border districts of the four provinces of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, and Sichuan, to find a foothold. In January 1934, the Red Army entered the five counties of five counties including Longshan, Sangzhi, Yongshun, Da Yong, and Cili in Xiangxi. In March of the same year, the Hunan, Hubei Sichuan and Guizhou Revolutionary Military Commission was formally established, and began to lead the work of the New Soviet Area. From May to July, the Red Army entered the East of Guizhou and opened the Guizhou East Revolutionary Base including Guizhou along the river, Yinjiang, Dejiang, Songtao and Sichuan Puyang. On July 21, the Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou Revolutionary Military Commission held the first working and peasants and soldiers of the Qiandong Special Economic Zone, and elected 80 people including He Long and Guan Xiangying to form the Qiandong Special Administrative Region Revolutionary Committee, announcing the birth of the Qiandong red regime. The Guizhou East Revolution Base is 200 miles, and the population is more than 100,000. It has played a significant role in the rectification, development and growth of the Red Army, and the Corps of the Red Second and Sixth Army. It also provides a support for the establishment of the Xianghe, Sichuan and Guizhou Revolutionary Base.

The Red Six Legion is a Red Army forces led by Ren Bishi, Xiao Ke and others. In the second half of 1933, Chiang Kai -shek launched the fifth "encirclement" of the revolutionary base, and mobilized the 1 million troops to attack the Red Army from various places. Among them, 500,000 troops began to attack the Central Revolutionary Base in late September. On July 23, 1934, in the case of breaking the fifth "encirclement" hopes, the Secretary Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission issued a training order to create a new Soviet area in Hunan to create a new Soviet area. The CPC Central Committee and the Central Red Army Long March Pioneer's strategic role. The Hunan -Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee and the Hunan and Jiangxi Military Region, led by Ren Bishi, received various tensions after receiving a central training order, and embarked on the road of breaking through the Western Expedition on August 7. Facing the enemy's heavily chase, the Red Six Legion dares to take responsibility and is not afraid of sacrifice. It takes a total of more than 80 days to cross the enemy occupied district more than 5,000 miles. It passes through 18 counties and cities in Hunan. More than 3300 people.

On October 24, 1934, the Red Six Army led by Ren Bishi, Xiao Ke, Wang Zhen, etc. arrived at Muhuang Town, Yinjiang County, Guizhou Province to win the Three Army leaders led by He Long and Guan Xiangying. This is a great master and victory, and it is a major event in the history of the Chinese Red Army. According to the instructions of the central government, the Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan -Guizhou Provincial Party Committee was formally established on November 26, and Ren Bishi was the secretary of the time, He Long, Guan Xiangying, etc. were also established as members; Zhu Changqing was the vice chairman; the Hunan, Hubei Sichuan and Guizhou Army, He Long was the commander and Ren Bishi was the political commissar. As a result, the Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou Revolutionary Base was formally formed. Soon, the counties, districts, and township revolutionary regimes of Yongshun, Sang Zhi, Da Yong, Longshan, Guzhang, Cili and other counties were established. On December 10, the Sichuan, Sichuan -Guizhou Provincial Party Committee and other agencies moved to the pagoda of Yongshun County. The Xiang, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou Revolutionary Base was across the four provinces. During the heyday, its base and guerrilla areas covered more than 30 counties in Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, and Guizhou, with a population of more than one million.

The historical status of the Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou Revolutionary Base in the Chinese Revolution

In November 2021, the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee adopted the "Resolution and Resolution of the CPC Central Committee on the Party's Centennial Struggle and Historical Experience", which mentioned the central revolutionary base of the party and western Hunan Hubei, Hailufeng, Hubei, Henan and Anhui, , Qiongya, Fujian, Zhejiang -Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi, Hunan and Jiangxi, Hunan and Jiangxi, left and right Jiang, Sichuan -Shaanxi, Shaanxi -Gansu, Hunan, Hubei Sichuan, Guizhou and other bases, fully demonstrated the important position of the Hunan, Hubei Sichuan and Guizhou Revolutionary Base in the history of the Chinese revolution. The Xiang, Hubei Sichuan and Guizhou Revolutionary Base is the first choice of the Central Red Army Long March, the cradle of the Red Army, and the last place of the Red Army Long March.

The preferred destination of the Central Red Army Long March. In October 1934, after the fifth anti -"encirclement" failure, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission led the Central Red Army more than 86,000 people to embark on the long journey of strategic transfer and started the world -famous Long March. According to the initial plan, the Central Red Army was preparing to transfer to the Xiangxi and Red Six Army Corps. Therefore, the army basically follows the marching route that has taken through the Red Liu Army, that is, the Wuling Mountains along the borders of the Gan, Guangdong, Hunan, and Guizhou have traveled west. After the Kuomintang authorities noticed, they built four blockade lines in southern Gan, Hunan and Guangdong, southeast of Hunan, and Xianggui, and "chased" the army with 16 divisions and 77 regiments to follow the Central Red Army. When breaking through the fourth blockade and crossing the Xiangjiang River, the Central Red Army was sharply reduced to more than 30,000 people. At that time, the Kuomintang had judged that the Red Army would meet with the Red Er and Red Six Legion in the north of the Xianggui border to the north of the Xianggui border. The bunker line, gathered heavy soldiers in an attempt to exhaust the Central Red Army. If the original plan is marching, there is a danger of annihilating the entire army. After the Xiangjiang Battle, the party has always had fierce debate on the direction of the Central Red Army. At the critical moment, Mao Zedong suggested that the Central Red Army abandoned the original plan to go north to the west of Hunan and turned to Guizhou with weak enemy forces. On December 12, 1934, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an emergency meeting at the Hunan Channel. Most comrades participating in the conference agreed and supported Mao Zedong's suggestions. On December 18, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held a meeting in Li Ping, Guizhou. Mao Zedong's proposal to transfer to Guizhou was approved by most comrades participating in Guizhou, and passed the "Decision of the Central Political Bureau on the Strategic Policy". After the meeting, the Red Army advanced to north of Guizhou via the hinterland of Guizhou. On January 7, 1935, the Red Army conquered Zunyi, northern Guizhou, and determined that the turn of the fate of the party and the Red Army was coming. The cradle of the Red Army. From October 1934 to October 1936, the Red Army first, second and fourth aspects and the 25th Army carried out a great Long March. The Red Army of the Red Army of the three main force was formed on the basis of the Red Second and Red Six Army. It was born from the cradle of the Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou Revolutionary Base. In 1934, when the Red Second and Red Six Legion was in the Muhuanghui division, there were only more than 4,100 people in the Red Eri Corps, of which more than 200 people and wounded members had more than 3,700 guns. Occupy one tenth. After Ren Bishi, He Long, and others founded the Xiang, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou Revolutionary Base, relying on this, leading the military and civilians to carry out the land revolution and economic construction, cultural construction, party building, and political construction. The revolutionary struggle of the year has made the Red Errifying and Red Six Legion grow into a vital army that has risen against the trend and continues to grow. In November 1935, when the Red Second and Red Six Legion decided to make breakout, it had developed to 12 regiments of 4 divisions, about 20,000 people. Among them, the Red Second Corps has grown to more than 9,200 people, and the fifth division (three regiments under the jurisdiction of 13, 14, and 15) were established; 47, 48). In July 1936, during the Long March, the Party Central Committee designated the Red Errifying and Red Six Army and the Red Thirty -two Army to co -compiled as the Red Second Army. As a result, the Red Second Army was formally formed.

The final place of the Red Army Long March. Among the 4 troops participating in the Long March, the Red Army set off from Jiangxi in October 1934, and the Red Twenty -Fifth Army set off in November 1934 from the Hubei -Henan and Anhui base in November 1934. Departure, the Hong Er and Red Six Legion led by Ren Shishi and He Long set off from Sanglai, Hunan in November 1935. The base of the Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou is the last place to depart from the Red Army Long March. After the founding of the Hunan, Hubei Sichuan and Guizhou Revolutionary Base in October 1934, it immediately launched the famous Xiangxi offensive, which strongly restrained the enemy forces and responded to the breakout of the Central Red Army. But as the base is growing, it has also caused panic from the Kuomintang. In early 1935, Chiang Kai -shek and Hunan and Hubei provinces gathered more than 40 regiments to "encircle" the Xiang, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou Revolution bases from three sides. The majority of military and civilians in Xiang, Hubei, Sichuan, Sichuan, and Qiansu District have launched a series of anti -"encirclement" struggles. They have fought more than 30 times in combat. The army strongly cooperated with the entrance of the Central Red Army to Guizhou. In October 1935, the Central Red Army victory arrived in northern Shaanxi. The Kuomintang Chiang Kai -shek mobilized 300,000 troops to carry out large -scale "encirclement" of the Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou Revolutionary Base. The Hunan, Hubei Sichuan -Guizhou Provincial Party Committee and the Military Commission Branch studied and analyzed the situation of the enemy and us, and decided to implement a strategic transfer. In November 1935, the Red Second and Red Six Legion started the Long March from Sang Zhi. After all the hardships, in July 1936, the Red Four Army met with the Ganzi Division. Later, Zhu De, Liu Bocheng, Ren Bishi, He Long, etc., and received the support of many cadres and soldiers such as Xu Xiangqian and other Red Fourth Army. On October 9, the Fourth Army Command arrived in Huining, Gansu, and met with the Red Army. On the 22nd, the command of the Red Second Army arrived in the Gansu Longde Taibao (now the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region), and met with the Red Army. At this point, the three main Red Army victory divisions.

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