Facing the flu this summer, how to "know and know and know" not to be recruited

Recently, the positive rate of influenza testing in some provinces in the south continued to rise, and Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Jiangxi and other places issued emergency warnings. According to the weekly influenza situation of the National Influenza Center, the popularity of influenza this summer has increased significantly compared with the same period of the past two years. At the same time, influenza activities in northern my country are at a very low level.

Why does this wave of influenza favors the south of the summer so much?

How to identify influenza virus infections and new coronal virus infections through symptoms?

In the face of influenza, how can we stand in "undefeated place"?

Let us listen to the opinions of experts.

Why does the Summer flu in the southern high incidence

The flu is mainly "type A", that is, A (H3N2) subtype influenza virus. The popularity of flu has a relatively large relationship with the geographical location and subtype of the flu. According to the "Chinese Instant Vaccine Prevention Technical Guide (2021-2022)" released by the China Disease Prevention and Control Center, the annual periodic periodic period of Type A influenza (type A) increases with the increase in latitude Sexual specialty: northern provinces north of 33 degrees north latitude, showing a popular mode in winter, from January to February of each year for its single year's peak; southern provinces south of 27 degrees north latitude, will present a single year peak from April to June each year from April to June of each year. ; The mid -latitude region between the two presents a double -cycle peak from January to February and June to August every year. Type B influenza (type B) shows a single winter in most parts of my country.

The A (H3N2) subtype influenza virus, which is popular in the southern province this year, also meets the phenomenon of a single year from April to June south of the north latitude of 27 degrees north latitude. At the same time, the double -cycle peak in the mid -latitude region also includes June to August. This is why the influenza of this summer is raging in the southern region, and the northern region is relatively safe.

Is the object of invasion mainly children?

Influenza caused a lot of pediatrics in many hospitals. Therefore, many people think that the main target of influenza is children, and it is speculated that it is related to the decline in the decline in immunity from children's home time, simple environment and cleanliness.

In fact, influenza viruses are generally susceptible to the crowd. According to statistics from the Shenzhen Disease Prevention and Control Center, 48%of this influenza patients are children aged 0 to 14 and are not more than half. And the influenza infection rate is many aspects, but it will not increase the infection rate because of the simple and clean home environment.

Everyone has the above illusions because of the childcare institutions and schools where children (especially children in school age) are at dense places, which are conducive to disease dissemination and prone to aggregate cases. At the same time, after children infected the flu virus, the detoxification time may exceed one week (the virus generally continues to detoxify for 3 to 7 days in human respiratory tract secretions), which also increases the chance of influenza dissemination.

Children are usually active, and they are exposed to more people, items and environmental surfaces, but they are generally unable to consciously do hand hygiene. In addition, children's immune system has not yet matured, and it is susceptible to the invasion of respiratory infectious diseases. These do increase the probability of children's influenza virus.

How to quickly identify whether to suffer from influenza

According to the "Popular Cold Diagnosis Plan (2020 Edition)", the main symptoms of the flu are fever, headache, myogenia, and general discomfort. The body temperature can reach 39 ° C to 40 ° C. Deficiency, loss of appetite, and other systemic symptoms often have sore throat and dry cough. There may be local symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, sternum discomfort, flushing face, and eye conjunctiva congestion. The symptoms of some patients are mild or influenza symptoms. Children's infection of type B is often used as the main manifestation of vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Those with no complication are self -limiting, and the fever gradually fades after 3 to 4 days after the onset of the onset, and the symptoms of the whole body improve, but the cough and physical recovery often take a long time.

Although the prominent manifestations of influenza are fever, headache, and myogenia, these symptoms can also be seen in other virus infections such as new crowns. The public simply cannot accurately identify the influenza from symptoms. The history of epidemiology and symptoms help early identification of influenza. After the occurrence of influenza virus infection and new coronal virus infection, there is a history of epidemiological diseases. Influenza patients have often exposed to other influenza patients, or patients with influenza aggregates in the work, study or living environment of patients.

When the influenza symptoms occur, you need to seek medical treatment in time. Doctors are diagnosed in combination with epidemiological history, clinical manifestations and pathogenic examinations. The most intuitive basis is virus antigen detection and virus nucleic acid testing.

The virus antigen test is to collect the blood specimen for examination. The result is fast, but the sensitivity is low, which is far lower than the nucleic acid detection. The antigen detection results are positive, and patients can be determined as influenza diagnosis, but when the result is negative, influenza virus infection cannot be ruled out. Virus nucleic acid testing is detected by the respiratory specimen (nasal wipes, pharynxes, nasopharyngeal or trachea extraction objects, sputum). The sensitivity and specificity are very high, and can distinguish the virus type and subtype. H1N1 and H3N2 are completed by this test.

What to do after infection

Do not panic and anxiety after confirming the influenza virus. A small number of patients need to be hospitalized because of complications, and most of them can heal within a week.

Influenza therapy includes antiviral treatment, symptomatic treatment (such as antipyretic), disposal complications, etc. Some types of influenza viruses are targeted with antiviral drugs (such as Osdowei), and antiviral therapy is usually 5 days. Not all situations require antiviral treatment, and the incidence of adverse reactions has a certain percentage of drugs, which should be used under the guidance of a doctor. Doctors will adopt different treatments according to the severity of the condition. After the infection virus, pay attention to avoid cross -infection of family members. This needs to be isolated as much as possible (such as living living in a separate room, not eating with other members of the family), do a good job of daily cleaning and disinfection, wash your hands frequently, and strengthen ventilation.

There is a way to prevent influenza

Vaccination vaccine is one of the most effective ways to prevent flu by scientific demonstration. It is recommended that those who are willing to vaccinate influenza vaccines in June and above and have no taboos. Those who have no taboos can make an appointment for flu vaccine, especially the elderly, children, pregnant women, patients with chronic diseases, and family members of infants and caregivers under June.

Now, tomorrow, will I immediately vaccinate the influenza vaccine effective for preventing flu this summer?

It takes almost 14 days to produce antibodies after vaccination. If you have not vaccinated the flu vaccine, it is recommended to vaccinate as soon as possible. Conventional recommendations are vaccinated from September to November each year, because vaccination during this time can better cover the prevention of influenza in the second year and spring and summer.

In addition, the following details should be paid to preventing influenza:

☆ Keep environmental ventilation. If the doors and windows need to be closed due to weather, the window can be opened at a time, and it is recommended to not be less than 30 minutes at each ventilation time.

☆ During the high incidence of influenza, try to go to a closed place where there are more crowded people. For example, when people who have influenza -like symptoms around the person dense places or around them, we should wear a mask (such as a one -time medical mask), and the mask should be covered at the same time. Live nose and mouth.

☆ Develop good personal hygiene habits. Washing your hands frequently, avoid touching your eyes (such as rubbing your eyes), nose (such as digging nose), and oral cavity (such as tooth out of the teeth). Pay attention to cough etiquette (coughing, sneezing, bend your upper arm to cover your upper arm or cover your mouth nose) , Avoid covering by hand, because it is common to forget to do hand hygiene after covering.

☆ Keep sufficient sleep, avoid anxiety, reasonable diet, balance nutrition, strengthen exercise, and enhance your own resistance.

Author: Sichuan University Huaxi Hospital Infectious Disease Center

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Zong Zhiyong

Hospital Infection Management Department Wang Yanzheng

Review: National Health Science Popularization Expert Library Expert

Breathing and critical condition of Huaxi Hospital of Sichuan University

Chief Physician Liang Zongan

Planning: Wu Wei Hong Tan Jia

Edit: Luan Zhaolin

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