First -tier cities deploy low -carbon development route maps: accelerate the establishment of a "dual control" system for carbon emissions, and promote dirt reduction and carbon reduction in key areas

The 21st Century Business Herald reporter Wu Wenxi Guangzhou reported that the four first -tier cities' party congresses have been held, and the development blueprint for the next five years is clearly visible.

With the advancement of the "double carbon" goal, the awareness of green development in various places has continued to improve, and the pace of building green and low -carbon cities has accelerated. First -tier cities played a demonstration role in the development of green and low -carbon national in the country. For example, in the report of the 13th Party Congress of Beijing, it was mentioned that in the past five years, Beijing has steadily promoted carbon emission reduction and carbon neutralization. The amount of carbon dioxide emissions maintains the best level of the provincial level in the country.

In the report of the four major first -tier cities, new deployments will be made on the green and low -carbon development routes in the next five years. Among them, promote the "dual control" from energy consumption "dual control" to the total amount of carbon emissions and intensity "dual control", improve the carbon emission right trading mechanism, build a clean and low -carbon, safe and efficient energy system, and promote pollution reduction and carbon reduction in key industries and key areas It has become the focus of attention.

Promote the green low -carbon transformation of the industrial structure

The key to achieve the "double carbon" goal is the transformation of energy structure. The reports of the Beijing and Shanghai Party Congress clearly stated that they will build a clean and low -carbon, safe and efficient energy system.

In recent years, the four major first -tier cities have achieved phased results in the transformation of energy cleaning. According to the "China Development Report of China's Net Zero Carbon City" issued by the 21st Century Institute of Economics and Research Institute, Shenzhen, Beijing, Guangzhou, and Shanghai are the lead in the net zero carbon city index. The consumption index and development quality index performed well.

The report of the 13th Party Congress of Beijing clearly stated that the development of green low -carbon circulation was comprehensively promoted, and a clean low -carbon, safe and efficient energy system was constructed. According to data from the Beijing Municipal Development and Reform Commission, in the past ten years, Beijing's coal consumption has dropped from 21.796 million tons in 2012 to less than 1.5 million tons in 2021, accounting for the city's energy consumption ratio from 25.2%in 2012 to less than 1.5%.

The Twelfth Party Congress report of Shanghai also proposed that it is necessary to vigorously promote the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development and accelerate the construction of a clean and low -carbon, safe and efficient energy system. According to data from the Shanghai Ecological and Environment Bureau, during the "Thirteenth Five -Year Plan" period, the total coal consumption in Shanghai accounted for about 37%to 31%, and non -fossil energy accounted for more than 17%.

In terms of accelerating the development of the new energy industry, the report of the Seventh Party Congress of Shenzhen proposed that it has expanded energy conservation and environmental protection, clean production, clean energy industry, and supporting hydrogen energy technology research and industrial development. According to data from the Shenzhen Municipal People's Government, in 2021, the proportion of clean energy consumption consumption such as natural gas, hydropower, nuclear power, wind power, and solar power consumption in Shenzhen increased by 1.0 percentage points compared with the previous year, and coal consumption accounted for 0.8 percentage points.

In the report of the Twelfth Party Congress of Guangzhou, it proposes that perseverance and nature coexist in harmony with nature. With the leadership of carbon and carbon, carbon neutrality, build a green ecological barrier, deepen the pollution prevention battle, and get out of an ecological first priority, out of an ecological priority. Green and low -carbon development path. Data show that in 2020, the energy consumption of Guangzhou unit GDP decreased by 19.4%compared with 2015, and the unit GDP carbon dioxide emissions decreased by 31.91%compared with 2015.

Optimizing the energy consumption structure and promoting the green and low -carbon transformation of the industrial structure are also one of the low -carbon development paths in first -tier cities. In the report of the 13th Party Congress of Beijing, it proposed that it promoted the transformation of green and low carbon in the industrial structure and vigorously developing the green economy.

At present, Beijing has made breakthroughs in industrial structure adjustment and green development in the industrial field. Li Tao, a second -level inspector of the Beijing Economic and Information Technology Bureau, introduced in November last year that during the "Thirteenth Five -Year Plan" period, Beijing withdrew a total of 2154 general manufacturing enterprises; in 2020, Beijing's high -precision industry achieved an added value of 988.58 billion yuan. The proportion of regional GDP reached 27.4%; the added value of high -tech industries and strategic emerging industries increased by 56.9%and 58.5%respectively compared with 2015, accounting for 27.7%and 34.6%of the city's industrial proportion.

In an interview with the 21st Century Business Herald, Wei Frey, deputy director of the New Energy and Low -Carbon Development Research Center of China (Shenzhen) Comprehensive Development Research Institute, said that the proportion of service industries in the industrial structure of first -tier cities is increasing. Carbon space will become smaller and smaller. In terms of realizing low carbonization of the industrial structure, we must try to extend to both ends of the "smile curve" of the industrial chain as much as possible, and at the same time continuously increase the proportion of clean energy consumption in the manufacturing process, and further improve the energy efficiency to ensure the low carbonization of the entire production process.

In addition, Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen have paid attention to dirt reduction and carbon reduction in key industries and key areas. The seventh party congress report in Shenzhen proposes that the implementation of carbon reduction operations in key industries, promoting green manufacturing in the industrial field, improving energy conservation standards in the construction field, and accelerating the formation of green and low -carbon transportation methods. Beijing's 13th Party Congress report proposes to promote green buildings, strengthen existing construction energy conservation transformation, and develop ultra -low energy consumption buildings according to local conditions. In the report of the Twelfth Party Congress of Shanghai, it proposed to accelerate the pollution reduction and carbon reduction in key industries and key areas.

"If China wants to take the early track of the" dual carbon "goal, four first -tier cities are unreasonable." Zou Ye, chief executive officer of the Energy Foundation and president of China, said in an interview with the 21st Century Business Herald. The large -scale urban scale, economically developed, high per capita income, and relatively modern industrial structure. Correspondingly, first -tier cities have entered the state of economic development and carbon emissions, and the development stage of relying on large -scale emissions has passed. There are relatively few industries with high energy and high emissions in structure, and they have been at the forefront of the country in the process of achieving the "double carbon" goal. Where should the first -tier cities be able to make power? Zou Yan believes that the "double carbon" goal should be placed on an important strategic position. Secondly, the deployment of the party congresses must be transformed into quantitative targets, and then the "double carbon" work will be decomposed one by one from the aspects of improving energy efficiency, low -carbonization of power systems, and electrification of terminal energy departments.

Weverle believes that in the future, first -tier cities should start from three aspects in the development of green and low -carbon. One is to promote wind power, photovoltaic and coal cleaning from the supply side. The second is to increase the electrification rate of energy from the demand side. The third is the consumption side. In addition to carbon reduction in the industrial field, it is also necessary to pay attention to promoting residents' carbon reduction through carbon and benefits.

"We have done accounting. From the perspective of the country, the per capita carbon emissions per person each year is about 7 tons. At present, the cities, especially the large cities, have a high degree of intensiveization and the population density. Each person can reduce the carbon emissions of about 1 ton each year, and calculate it based on the number of urban population. The scale is very impressive. "Weverley said.

Application marketization means to promote emission reduction

In the report of the 13th Party Congress of Beijing, it was mentioned that it was transformed from energy consumption "dual control" to the total amount of carbon emissions and intensity.

Energy consumption "dual control" refers to the energy consumption intensity and total dual control, while the total carbon emissions and intensity "dual control" are the use of carbon emissions indicators to replace the energy consumption index for total regulation. The Central Economic Work Conference held in December last year proposed that the creative conditions achieved the "dual control" of energy consumption "dual control" to the total amount of carbon emissions and intensity "dual control" as soon as possible.

Weverle told reporters that the goal of carbon and carbon and carbon neutrality is to control carbon and not control. In the context of China's industrialization, the total consumption of energy and power will still be growing. The amount will inevitably restrict the development of the economy. Promoting the transformation of energy consumption "dual control" to the total amount of carbon emissions and intensity "dual control" can be replaced by clean energy to achieve carbon reduction targets under the premise of ensuring the demand for economic development energy.

What should be done to promote the transformation of energy consumption "dual control" to "dual control" of carbon emissions? Lin Boqiang, the dean of the China Energy Policy Research Institute of Xiamen University, said in an interview with the 21st Century Business Herald that the realization of the total carbon emissions and intensity "dual control" need to highlight differentiation, closely integrate the actual and economic status of regional development, and comprehensively consider the area Development gap and industrial structure characteristics, balanced development and emission reduction. At the same time, for the "dual control" of carbon emissions, scientific and accurate statistics and accounting systems are particularly important. The next step should be started from the construction and improvement of carbon emissions database and a scientific carbon emissions accounting system to promote the implementation of carbon emissions "dual control".

Zou Yan believes that, first of all, in the measurement of carbon emissions, the assessment indicators and evaluation indicators should be converted. Since different data belong to different administrative departments, the boundary between the administrative departments must be used Real place. Secondly, transforming energy consumption indicators into carbon emissions indicators for measurement is a very detailed work. The competent authority must also transform in the management system and form a cooperation with each other. "Policy guidance to the" dual control "transformation of carbon emissions can bring motivation to accelerating the conversion of energy structures in cities, and more proactively develop renewable energy."

In the process of low -carbon development in first -tier cities, we need to pay attention to the use of market -oriented methods to promote emission reduction. At present, the four major first -tier cities have carbon transactions related institutions, and they have played an important role in promoting the development of green and low -carbon in the country and regions.

As early as 2019, Guangzhou issued the "Implementation Plan for the Construction of Carbon Trading Mechanism in the construction and transportation field in Guangzhou and the pilot work of the carbon and Puchai." Shenzhen is China's first batch of low -carbon cities pilot and carbon emissions transaction pilot. The "Administrative Measures for Shenzhen Carbon Emissions Rights Trading" will be implemented on July 1.

Under the exploration of the two major cities in Guang and Shenzhen, the volume and transaction volume and transaction volume of Guangdong ranked first in the country. As of July 31, 2021, the cumulative trading volume of quotas reached 196 million tons and the transaction value reached 4.45 billion yuan.

At the same time, Beijing will build a national CCER trading center, which is currently being promoted in an orderly manner. Data show that during the first performance cycle of the national carbon market, the Beijing Green Exchange has provided CCER transaction services for more than 450 electric factories across the country, completing 18.5 million tons of CCER transaction volume, with a transaction value of 671 million yuan.

As the national carbon emission right trading system construction and operating institutions designated by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the Shanghai EMB has undertaken specific tasks such as opening and operation and maintenance of the national carbon emission right trading system account Essence Data show that the first performance cycle of the national carbon market was included in a total of 2,162 key emission units in the power generation industry, covering a carbon dioxide of about 4.5 billion tons of greenhouse gas emissions annually, with a performance completion rate of 99.5%.

To further improve the carbon trading market mechanism, what should I make in the future? Insufficient market entities and lack of market transactions are a major problem that needs to be solved urgently. Lin Boqiang said that the current carbon transactions are mainly power companies. The transaction volume is not enough and the market activity is not high. In the future, it is necessary to include more high -emission industries and improve relevant laws and regulations. In addition, electricity prices cannot only follow the cost, let the carbon market and electricity price linkage, and the carbon transactions affect the terminal, so that the original intention of the carbon market design can be achieved.

Weverle believes that my country has explored the pilot of carbon emission rights transactions since 2013. It has only eight pilot provinces and cities. The national carbon emission right trading market has only launched transactions in July last year. More than 2,000 power generation companies were included in the transaction as the first batch of main entities Essence Generally speaking, my country's carbon emissions trading market is still not perfect. In the future, a scientific and complete system should be formed as soon as possible in terms of statistics, accounting, and standards, and gradually incorporates high energy -consuming enterprises such as steel, chemical, electrolytic aluminum, cement, and papermaking in the market.

In addition, Zou Yan said that the current carbon market is still a single market, and has not established a connection with other markets, especially financial markets. Only by matching the financial market can we ensure that there is enough capital to flow through financial products, especially carbon financial products to introduce the market. Without sufficient capital flow, market transactions are not active, and the market has lost the function of rationally allocating carbon capacity resources through the market mechanism.

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