How important is ecological environmental damage appraisal?See what scientists say

Yufang, the current chief scientist of the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, member of the Central Ecological Environment Commission of the Agricultural and Industry Party, chairman of the Ecological and Environmental Organization Professional Committee of the Chinese Society of Environmental Sciences. The research work in environmental risk assessment and other aspects, won the title of "Professional and Technical Leading of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment" in 2016.

From the 2015 local pilot to the trial of the country in 2018, to the recent 14 departments such as the Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued the "Regulations on the Management of Ecological Environment Damage Compensation". Focusing on repairing the damaged ecological environment in a timely manner, it has become an effective means to solve the "corporate pollution, mass harm, and government purchase", and provides a solid institutional guarantee for maintaining the environmental rights and interests of the people.

As the technical guarantee of this important reform, how important is the evaluation of ecological environmental damage? Yu Fang, chief scientist of the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, said in an exclusive interview with the "Environmental Economy" that the technical document of ecological environmental damage appraisal assessment is rising to the main purpose of national standards, which is to establish the authority of technical standards and emphasize the standardization of the damage assessment process , To ensure the seriousness of the results of the evaluation, and realize the unity of technical documents issued by different departments.

Typical case innovation damage identification and evaluation method

"Environmental Economy": The Ministry of Ecology and Environment released 20 typical cases of consultation in two batches in 2020 and 2021. Which case left the most impressive impression on you?

Yu Fang: Among two batches of typical cases of 20 consultations, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region China Mer Mirime Paper pollution Tengger Desert ecological environmental damage compensation case left me a deep impression on me. It has been completed in terms of the exploration of the compensation system or in promoting the improvement of the technical system.

In terms of the exploration of the compensation negotiation system, there are three major characteristics of this case:

The first is to establish a working mechanism for a three -party commissioned commission, which provides a guarantee for the successful resolution of the case. This is a cross -border pollution case. The registered place of compensation obligations is in Zhongwei City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Most of the pollution damage occurred in the Alashan League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Human -Artistan Mirimi Paper Group Environmental Protection and Energy -saving Engineering Co., Ltd., the three parties commissioned and participated in the whole process, ensuring the consistent recognition of damage to facts, assessing conclusions, and recovery plans, and providing technical guarantees for the successful resolution of the case.

The second is to build a cross -regional compensation consultation mechanism, and complete the nation's first case of cross -provincial and district damage joint consultation cases. The rights of compensation of the two parties should implement the main responsibility, entrust the ecological environment departments of the two places to promote consultation, and cooperate between the two parties to jointly promote the agreement of the agreement, and provide experience in the launch of the cases of cross -provincial and regional damage compensation cases, division of responsibilities, consultation procedures, compensation agreements, etc. Learn.

The third is to actively explore the scope of "expanding" compensation obligations to ensure the performance of compensation liability. In the case of directly compensating the obligations in this case, the non -debt capacity of the obligations, exploring the practice of voluntarily borrowing or partially undertaked the relevant expenses by its major shareholders, and voluntarily paid more than 44 million yuan in the cost of paying pollution and cleaning, solving the problem of insufficient compensation capacity Essence

In terms of ecological environmental damage appraisal, the contribution of this case is reflected in two aspects: on the one hand, it provides case experience for improving the technical guidelines for soil and groundwater damage appraisal. This case involves the damage of groundwater resources. Some of them need to be manually repaired, and some of them do not require manual repair. They can recover through the capacity of groundwater self -purification. During the assessment process, fully consult and discuss the quantitative problems of groundwater resources, comprehensively use the recovery fee method and the value of groundwater resources, and quantify the value of the groundwater ecological environment. Application in formulation.

On the other hand, the calculation of the ecological benefits of vegetation recovery in desertification areas is used to use the value -to -equivalent method to deduct the groundwater ecological environment damage by compensation obligations to compensate the ecological benefits generated by the vegetation recovery, and innovate the way of compensation for ecological environmental damage. Although the obligations of the compensation in this case are not debt, their long -term planting and maintenance forest areas have created a certain ecological benefit. The ecological environmental damage appraisal agency evaluates this part of the ecological benefits. Looking at the ecological benefits generated by the forest area and the resolution of the plan to deduct the damage to the groundwater ecological environment, it is adopted by the compensation right holders and obligations, and finally was recognized by the court.

From technical files to national standards

"Environmental Economy": From 2016, the "General Outline of Ecological Environmental Damage Appraisal Appraisal Technology Guide" and "Ecological Environmental Damage Appraisal Appraisal Technology Guide Investigation" and other technical documents were released in 2016, and in 2020, the "General Outline of Ecological Environmental Damage Appraisal Appraisal Appraisal Technology Guide General Outline was organized in 2020 Part 1 and key links: Standard documents such as General Outline, what kind of consideration is it based on raising technical documents to national standards?

Yu Fang: After the pilot application of the technical documents of the ecological environmental damage identification and assessment of technical documents in recent years, we found that the original technical regulations have excessive principles and methods in terms of baseline determination, damage confirmation, quantitative damage value, and recovery plan formulation. The technical regulations of the sub -item are not consistent with the "General Outline".

Therefore, at the time of the end of the reform of the reform of the ecological environmental damage compensation and the official confirmation of the compensation system for the ecological environmental damage compensation, we believe that we need to increase the technical documents of the ecological environmental damage appraisal assessment to the national standard. It is worth mentioning that, through the form of national standards, the overall requirements of the evaluation of ecological environment damage identification and evaluation in the "General Outline" set up a national standard system covering different elements, different links, and different methods. Considering the relevant technical specifications of agricultural, ocean and other departments, to ensure that a unified set of standards can cover all damage identification and evaluation needs.

"Environmental Economy": As you said, the appraisal of ecological environmental damage often involves multiple departments such as ecological environment, agriculture, natural resources, forestry, and oceans. Intersection

Yu Fang: On the one hand, the work guarantee mechanism led by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and the participation of relevant departments. Article 29 of the "Regulations on the Management of Ecological Environment Damage Compensation Compensation Management" recently released stipulates that the Ministry of Ecology and Environment will build and improve the standard system framework of the appraisal appraisal of ecological environment damage in conjunction with relevant departments. Basic technical standards such as key technical links, basic ecological environmental elements, and basic methods. After the relevant competent authorities of the Council of the Commerce and State Council, they jointly released with the State Administration of Market Supervision. The relevant competent authorities of the State Council can formulate special technical specifications for ecological environmental damage appraisal and evaluation according to their responsibilities or work needs.

On the other hand, strengthen communication with related departments such as agriculture, forestry, and the formation of team participation standards in the process of absorbing the professional field during the formulation of technical standards, and fully listen to the opinions of relevant departments and experts to ensure that the technical standards in various professional fields follow the " Under the premise of the assessment principles and evaluation methods determined by the General Outline, the relevant standards and specifications that have been effectively fused with relevant departments have made reasonable and technical regulations that meet the characteristics of the professional field in the professional field.

"Environmental Economy": Previously, some places pointed out that there are problems such as inadequate conditions such as the use of virtual governance costs in the appraisal of ecological environment damage identification and evaluation. Part 1: The Cost of the Virtual Pollution Virtual Governance Method "" The Basic Method of Ecological Environmental Damage Appraisal Appraisal Appraisal Technology Part 2: What improvement of this?

Yu Fang: First of all, the method of verification of the number of pollutants is refined. The cost method of air pollution virtual governance method is based on different emission scenarios, which proposes the measurement method of the measurement concentration method, material balance algorithm and mileage energy consumption method. It explains the applicable scenarios and calculation methods of each method. The cost method of water pollution virtual governance is explained to the calculation method of pollutant emissions in violations of laws and regulations and emergencies, respectively.

The second is the method of optimizing the cost of unit governance. First, the charging standard itself includes the profit of pollution control units and does not meet the basic principles of "governance costs". Second, the marketization of the environmental protection industry has gradually increased in recent years. The charges of sewage treatment and hazardous waste disposal in various places are no longer easy to charge according to standards. Instead, they are more determined according to the nature of waste water, waste, and market conditions. Third, because there is no clear definition, there is a phenomenon of abuse of "charging standards" in the actual use process. Therefore, both of the two standards have deleted the charging standards with large controversy and the scope of evidence.

Finally, the composition of the adjustment coefficient is improved. The original method only considers the sensitivity of different environmental functions. Because pollution control technology is mainly determined according to the type of pollutants and physical and chemical properties. The environmental harmfulness of pollutants is considered an important factor in environmental and health hazards caused by pollutants when evaluating the damage of ecological environment. Two standards have increased the relevant content of the harmful assessment of pollutants, which not only put forward requirements for the professional ability of the appraisal personnel, but also put forward more refined requirements for case investigation and information acquisition.

In response to the situation where the actual investigation work is difficult to carry out, the two standards are proposed that the unit governance cost data provided by professional pollution control enterprises can be used as a unit governance cost. The cost of self -accounting is used as a unit governance cost, and the above content enhances the operability of the standard implementation.

"Environmental Economy": At present, many provinces explore and improve the simple procedure of damage assessment. What kind of situation is applicable to this program? What are the advantages and disadvantages of simple assessment?

Yu Fang: "Opinions on the Reform of the Reform of Ecological Environmental Damage Compensation System" stipulates that cases that are simple and small for damage, less disputes, and less damage can be used to use commissioned expert assessment to issue expert suggestions; According to the legal documents, monitoring reports and other information related to the case, make a comprehensive identification. The "Regulations on the Management of Ecological Environment Damage Compensation" follows this provision.

In practice, some provinces explored simple evaluation procedures in accordance with the above regulations. For example, Anhui and Hubei proposed that the amount of losses was less than 500,000 yuan and less than 300,000 yuan, and the relevant provisions of the "Opinions on Promoting the Reform of Ecological Environmental Damage System Reform" may be used to adopt a simple assessment procedure. From the evaluation procedure, simple assessment does not mean that procedures can be simplified, but because of the fact that such cases are damaged, the facts are simple, no controversy, and less damage. In order to save time and economic cost The calculation of the amount of compensation is also mostly based on the cost of virtual governance. It can be issued in the form of expert opinions, but the relevant content is indispensable. Simple assessment has a clear scope of application, that is, cases that are not suitable for causal relationships and have a greater impact of ecological environment.

Studying the dynamic management regulations of the recommendation agency is being studied

"Environmental Economy": At present, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment has issued three batches of ecological environmental damage appraisal evaluation recommendation agency list. A total of 42 institutions are shortlisted. What are the standards for being included in the list of recommendation agency?

Yu Fang: The recommendation agency of the three batches of ecological environmental damage appraisal is reported by the ecological environment departments of various places, and it is determined by the experts of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment after reviewing the experts. The criteria for being included in the list of recommendation agency can be summarized as "3 needs": require independent legal person qualifications, register in the territory of the People's Republic of China, scientific research institutes, colleges and institutions with independent legal person qualifications, etc. The ability to evaluate, a fixed workplace and work conditions, and a technical team with relevant practical ability; need to have practical experience, and requires at least 3 ecological environmental damage appraisal cases in the past three years (without cases of simulation development).

The first two batches of selected institutions are basically subordinates or provincial comprehensive environmental research institutes, and have a relatively comprehensive identification and evaluation business capabilities. The third batch of recommendations of the recommendation agency began to be included in the enterprise, while increasing the judgment of the organization's practice category. With reference to the "Regulations on the Classification of Environmental Damage Judicial Appraisal and Practice", it detailed the scope of the appraisal and evaluation recommendation agency, and standardized the business capabilities of the appraisal and evaluation recommendation agency.

"Environmental Economy": What is the overall level of these institutions? Can it effectively play the role of professional forces? In your opinion, what are the shortcomings need to be made up urgently?

Yu Fang: According to the results of the investigation in early 2021, as of the end of 2020, more than 2,000 cases of ecological environmental damage appraisal assessment and evaluation agency have completed the case of environmental criminal cases, environmental public interest cases, ecological environmental damage compensation system reform, ecological environmental environment The important technical support for administrative law enforcement has been recognized by relevant administrative and judicial organs with its comprehensiveness and efficiency of work.

Ecological environment events or problems are often complicated, involving multiple discipline categories, and need to comprehensively make comprehensive damage to environmental air, surface water and sediments, soil and groundwater, and ecosystems in the nature of pollutants, pollutant sources, and pollutants. The analysis and judgment of sexuality and professionalism, compared to traditional judicial appraisal agencies that are suitable for solving the same type of problems, ecological environmental damage appraisal assessment recommendations can better meet the needs of all types of environmental damage appraisal.

The "Environmental Damage Appraisal Evaluation Recommendation Institution List" is the recommendation nature and is not an administrative license. At present, it is studying the dynamic management regulations of the recommendation agency's credit evaluation system and recommendation agency to further enhance the business capabilities of the recommendation agency.

"Environmental Economy": What is the difference between the appraisal and evaluation agency that provides appraisal opinions and the appraisal assessment agency provided by the appraisal opinion for litigation?

Yu Fang: Regardless of whether it is for ecological environmental damage compensation consultation services or providing appraisal opinions for public interest litigation, as far as the requirements of ecological environmental damage appraisal and evaluation agencies are concerned, personnel configuration and professional capabilities are consistent. The judicial appraisal agency mainly serves the judicial organs. Ecological environmental damage cases are highly professional. They usually need to communicate more patiently. According to different litigation requests, litigation, and time -handing requirements of criminal and civil cases, the appraisal evaluation commission matters and commissioned matters and commissioned matters and commissioned matters The appraisal and evaluation time make a more detailed plan. In addition, environmental damage judicial appraisal opinions have a fixed format requirements. According to the opinion of the client, the opinions or reports are prepared in accordance with the appraisal format.

Accelerate and improve damage identification evaluation standard system

"Environmental Economy": Recently, 14 departments such as the Ministry of Ecology and Environment jointly issued the "Regulations on the Management of Ecological Environment Damage Compensation Compensation". How should the ecological environmental damage appraisal and evaluation work conform to new changes?

Yu Fang: In order to conform to new changes, we mainly increase the work efforts from the following aspects: First, the national standard system architecture is reasonably designed, and the standard for appraisal and evaluation standards for typical damage types is made. For example, in view of the characteristics of many elements, methods, and technical difficulty in some links, we have designed the standard architecture of the appraisal evaluation standards covering multiple elements, multi -links, and multi -methods; In cases of groundwater damage, surface water and sediments damage, we have given priority to research and formulation of relevant standards and specifications.

The second is to classify and build related technical methods to meet the actual identification and evaluation needs. Due to the diversity of ecological environmental damage and the differences in complexity, in the process of building relevant standard methods, we adopt the principle of classification and classification. Ecological environmental damage confirmation, judgment of causal relationships, and quantification of damage assessment, carry out the research and development of technical methods to meet differentiated practical work needs. The third is to develop related model systems to improve the efficiency of damage identification and evaluation. In response to the problem of long -reflected damage appraisal and evaluation cycle, we carried out the research and development of the relevant model system of the damage assessment, while improving the efficiency of the damage assessment, the relevant methods and parameters were standardized in the model to ensure the consistency of the damage appraisal evaluation results. Essence

"Environmental Economy": What do you think of in the future need to make up for shortcomings?

Yu Fang: To sum up, there are three aspects. In terms of accelerating and improving the standard system of ecological environmental damage appraisal and evaluation, at present, the technical guidelines for damage appraisal and evaluation of ecological types such as forests, grasslands, farmland, and wetlands have not yet been issued. The connection of the "General Outline", how to truly form work forces, accelerate the launch of relevant standards and specifications, and meet the actual work needs of the appraisal and evaluation, still need to work together.

In terms of in -depth research on refined assessment, although we have developed some standard specifications, there are still many shortcomings in the appraisal and evaluation of some relatively complicated ecological environmental elements. There is still a certain gap from the refined assessment. In terms of precision investigation of damage, reasonable determination of baseline, scientific attribution of damage, accurate prediction of recovery cycle, precise identification of characteristic pollutants in complex matrix, and risk evaluation of atypical pollutants, it is urgent to increase research.

In terms of standardized management appraisal assessment agencies, ecological environmental damage appraisal evaluation is a comprehensive field, which has higher requirements for the personnel of the ecological environmental damage appraisal and evaluation team. , Statistics, Law, etc., are involved in various aspects, and many appraisal and evaluation institutions do not have such talent reserves and professional capabilities. As a result, the quality of the appraisal assessment report is uneven, and the standardized management of the appraisal and evaluation agencies is urgent.

"Environmental Economy" magazine reporter Lei Yingjie

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