Hong Kong | A city, naturally

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On July 1, 2022, Hong Kong returned to the 25th anniversary of the motherland of Xiangjiang and Huifeng and Changshi Mountain.

The building under the Lion Rock Mountain

Hong Kong, one city, is natural.

Hong Kong, as one of the most densely populated regions in China and even the world, is always reminiscent of high -rise financial areas, bustling and stylish shopping streets. The fragrance of stacking, birds and flowers, and when you are in the place, you can temporarily do not have the noise of the city, as if you are in a natural secret.

Comparison of the natural environment and dense residential areas of the protected area

In order to protect the precious natural heritage, Hong Kong has established a natural reserve since the 1970s, and officially established the National Geological Park of Hong Kong in 2009. In 2011, it joined the UNESCO, becoming the seventh batch of the world, my country 26th, 26th in China. A world geological park.

In 2015, it was renamed the United Nations Education Organization of Hong Kong
World Geopark adopted

After more than forty years, Hong Kong has a comprehensive management system and sound facilities. The total area of ​​various types of protected areas exceeds 440 square kilometers, accounting for more than 40 % of the land area of ​​Hong Kong. The protected area is really rare in the world.

Hong Kong Geological Park Map

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Major geological relic

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The Hong Kong UNESCO World Geopark (Hong Kong Geological Park) is located in the east to northeast of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The land area is more than 150 square kilometers.

The precious geological relics, beautiful island scenery and diverse ecological environment make it a natural land museum and leisure tourist destination. Hong Kong Geological Park has the world's well -known acidic volcanic rock six -horn column, a typical rich sedimentary strata, and a variety of coastal landform landscapes. According to the main rock types and geomorphology characteristics, it is divided into the northeast sedimentary rock park and Saigon volcanic rock park in the Northeast New Territories. The geological characteristics of each scenic area are unique and the geological resources are extremely rich.

The New Territories Northeast Seven Rock Park, including Dongpingzhou, Yinzhoutang, Chimen and Chizhou Huangzhujiao Tsui Scenic Area. Features of sedimentary rocks and constructive geological relics are the characteristics of various sedimentary rocks and paleontological fossils that have formed in more than 400 million years. It shows the complete sedimentary strata in Hong Kong. Called typical outdoor sedimentary geological classrooms.

Rames to the coastline of the northeast of the New Territories. If you explore this area, you can find that there are prosperous scenes here. Huangzhujiaozui and the northern shore of the Chimen Strait can find the oldest rocks in Hong Kong. It is formed by about 400 million years ago. It is mainly based on sandstone and args. It is found that there are paleontological fossils such as fish and double shells. From the perspective of the sea, the original level of rock formation was squeezed to nearly vertical shape, like a "pork belly" with red and white.

Huangzhujiao Tsui Mud Pen Basin Stratian Section

Follow the coastline to the eastern East Pingzhou. On this exquisite island, you can find the youngest rock in Hong Kong. It has a history of about 55 million years. Layers are stacked, displayed between the sea and the sky, and look like a "thousand layer cake" from a distance.

The thin layer of powder sandstone is made of very fine sediments in the sedimentation of salt water lakes. It contains a large amount of salt minerals, which reflects the climate change alternating semi -drought and relatively moisturizing at that time. The rock formation is well preserved with sedimentation structures such as wave marks, parallel layers, rhythmic layers, cracks, and rain marks, and also contains a large number of plant debris fossils and insect fossils. These sedimentary rocks form a thin layer, which has created a variety of coastal landforms after being reasonable and weathering.

Dongpingzhou Pink Sandstone Clash

"Genglou Stone"

There is also a quite interesting attraction in the Northeast Site Stack Rock Park in the New Territories, that is, Yinzhou Tong in the northwest. There is a unique geographical environment here. There are mountains around the mountains as a barrier. When visiting Yinzhoutang, he was surprised by the completely different atmosphere and peace and peaceful feeling, making it difficult for people to believe that they were in Hong Kong.

The characteristic characteristics of Yinzhoutang's landforms are reminiscent of the "Four Treasures of the Literary Fang", which are vividly known as "Yintang Liu Treasure". The stone row of the stone near Yinzhou also has a smooth sea water like a paper.

Yinzhou Tong (stone row represents a strong ink)

Left: Yinzhou (representing seal), right: Huang Boshan (representing Luo Umbrella)

Bijiazhou (representing pen frame)

Sha Tsui (representing a brush)

Saigon volcanic rock park has the longest coastline in Hong Kong. It is also the area with the largest island. It develops the world's rare acidic volcanic rock hexagonal columnar. Large -scale volcanic eruptions occurred 140 million years ago, and a large area of ​​columnar -shaped rational was formed in volcanic activities -grain and boat bay group. The volcanic rock pillar has an area of ​​more than 100 square kilometers, the height of the ground is 100 meters, the total thickness of more than 400 meters, the average diameter of the stone column is about 1.2 meters, the thickest can reach 3 meters. Geological relics. Most of the cylindrical festivals in the world are generally developed in dark gray basalt with lower silicon content. In the light -colored streaming volcanic rock with a silicon content of up to 76%, the scale and rock nature are rare in the world.

The sea eroded cliffs of the Flower Mountains of the Grain and Bay Bay are neatly raised

The Hong Kong Geological Park logo, with columnar festivals as the main design element

Wanyi Reservoir East Dam is the best place to appreciate columnaries at close range. Strolling in the geological trail of Wanyi Reservoir, and appreciating these world -class hexagonal rock columns and typical geological structures at close range. In Dongba, it can also be seen that the twisted rock pillars. 140 million years ago, the rock column was still in a semi -plastic state. It was slightly deformed due to external forces, forming a unique S -shaped.

Wanyi Reservoir East Dam

The place where the rock pillars are curved are the most vulnerable places. Under the action of geological, the rock columns are cracked along here, and the underground magma is taken into the stone column to form the iconic geological relics of the Hong Kong Geological Park.

Shop S -shaped rock pillars

In addition to the acidic volcanic rock hexagonal columns, Qiaoyuzhou Island in Saigon also has a variety of volcanic rocks formed earlier than hexagonal columns.

Qiaozuizhou

The coast of the island sandbield on the west end of the island is covered with gravel. Because the tide rises, the gravel is sometimes soaked in the water, and sometimes exposed to the sun in the sun. The strong thermal expansion and contraction and various weathering effects and erosion effects have led to the surface of the giant gravel surface. The unique mesh crack appearance is loved by tourists because of its authentic gourmet "pineapple bun" in Hong Kong.

The cracked quartz two -long rock gravel on the surface layer

Both parks can find a variety of coastal landforms and become a beautiful landscape in Hong Kong Geopark. With the rise of the sea level, the rising mountain peaks are drowned and become many islands. The erosion and sedimentation effects further shape the long coastline. Sea erosion arches, sea erosion, sea erosion platforms, sand mouths, island sandbars and beaches.

Sea erosion in Hengzhou

Large -scale slippery surface located on the Guozhou Islands

Dalang Bay

One of the Four Bays of Dalang -West Bay

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Biological diversity

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In addition to complex and diverse geological features, there are many types of wild animals and plants.

Hong Kong is located along the South China coast, with a variety of ecological environment, and on East Asia -Australia and Western bird migration routes. Many migrants will come to Hong Kong in winter. There are one -third of bird species in China here, and nearly 500 kinds of birds can be appreciated at different times and locations throughout the year.

White -bellied sea carving

"Seeing the flat boat swaying, Qianjun is the aquatic cloud media." The egret flying freely everywhere can be seen everywhere in the geological park. You can also find a variety of royal gulls and the largest sculpture in Hong Kong on the pillar -shaped deserted island - —The white -bellied sea sculpture, they visit Hong Kong every summer, breeding here.

Swallow

In addition to birds, dragonflies and butterflies are also common animals in geological parks. They shuttle in the gorgeous flowers, endlessly, dancing in wetlands and streams, and they are more enchanting and beautiful.

Sang Sushu (the largest butterfly variety in Hong Kong)

Blue forehead dragon

To say the most representative wildlife, it is a small tree frog unique to Hong Kong. Its body is short, and adult individual body is only 1.5 cm long. It is the smallest frog in China. The ground or dead leaves.

Lu's Little Tree Frog

Hong Kong's subtropical climate and marine environment are suitable for tropical and temperate animals, so they have rich marine creatures, and they have recorded 1,000 fish. The water quality in the east of Hong Kong is particularly suitable for coral growth. Hong Kong Geological Park has a large area of ​​coral community, growing all 84 kinds of stone corals and 23 soft corals in Hong Kong.

Stone coral

Soft coral

Historical and cultural heritage

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Walking in Hong Kong Geological Park, traveling through a century -long time and space, looking through historical stories, exploring the humanistic history of this natural heritage, unique culture is breeding and development here.

As early as the Stone Age, the ancestors had a reproduction of the ancestors here. The Shi New Stone Age (six thousand years ago) of the Shiqi area (six thousand years ago) was found. Until the Song Dynasty, the Hong Kong region was scarce. It was mainly in the Embarra, Dai, and Yue people. Later, the Central Plains people who had escaped the war went south and settled in plains in northwestern Hong Kong. The northeast of the New Territories covered by the Geological Park was in the mountains and Saigon. The location was remote and difficult to reclaim. The early population was scarce. There are many villages built in the middle of the 19th and even 15th centuries within the range of Hong Kong Geological Parks, mainly in fishing villages and Hakka villages. These villages are remote and mostly in the protected area. They are not affected by urban development. Village buildings can be preserved. Most of the village houses are built with green bricks and mud bricks, and some of the rare agricultural tools that are rare in urban people are retained. Although the resident population of Ji'ao has been less than 50, the villagers still strive to maintain traditional life and customs, leaving a wealth of historical and cultural heritage.

Ji'ao Island (In the 1960s, Ji'ao Island was a prosperous island, with about 6,000 fishermen and Hakka residents.)

Most of the Hakka villages in the New Territories are living in the Houshan Forest District, which is the best forest area in Hong Kong. The ancestors of these Hakka former residents moved from all over the South China hundreds of years ago. They believe that the mountains are vitality, so most villages are Both are built on the mountain. The trees are embracing the village in half the moon to form a "Feng Shui Forest". The villagers believe that this forest can protect the village and bring good luck.

Feng Shui Forest can not only protect soil and soil, prevent mudslides, but also as natural barriers to block the cold and dry Northeast monsoon, but also has a fire -proof function, which can slow down the spread of mountain fires. The dense broad -leaved forest can also regulate micro -climate and improve the living environment. After more than 300 years of protection, it has important human and ecological value.

Feng Shui forest behind Lichi Wo Village

The winding geological landscape
majestic coastal landforms
The dense and prosperous forest vegetation
Animal
Unique historical and cultural
forms a unique Hong Kong World Geopark < br data-filter = "Filtered"> It has also witnessed the vicissitudes of vicissitudes of Hong Kong's geological history for hundreds of millions of years

Thanks: The information and photos are provided by the Hong Kong Fisheries and Peasant Natural Nursing Department.

This article was first published in "Earth", No. 6, 2020, and there is a revision
Picture Source: Hong Kong Fisheries and Peasants Natural Nursing Agency

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Responsible editor: Yueyue
Ranking: Yin Lu
Trial: Li Wenhui

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