The theory of historical materialism

After Marxism came out, there are major events or changes in the history of the world, and people focus on Marxism to varying degrees, and strive to find reliable understanding and answers in Marxism or through Marxism. This is because Marxism reveals the development law of human history, and contemporary society still lives in these development laws. Delida once vividly picked up the significance of Marxism in contemporary life: inform the truth, issue instructions, exorcise evil, urges action, etc., reminding people not to read and discuss Marx's errors in the times.

For the first time, "German Ideology" elaborates the basic principles of historical materialism, which is the original Marxist script that is worth reading repeatedly. Marx is very clear, "As long as the theory persuades people, it can master the masses; and the theory can persuade people as long as the theory is thorough. The so -called thorough is to grasp the root of things." The situation of real life is increasingly presenting the superiority and reliability of Marxism in truth and morality. We can profoundly grasp the revolutionary revolutionary changes of historical materialism by reading the "German Ideology", truly understand the thoroughness of historical materialism and the height of its principles, and fully promote the basic spirit of historical materialism leading the world.

Use historical principles to enhance philosophical body theory

Historical materialism, as the "biggest achievement in scientific thoughts", marks Marx's realization of philosophical existence theory and creation. Compared with previous philosophy from abstract rationality, self -awareness, or outside of human abstract substances to observe history, historical materialism "starting from the production of direct life" is from people's emotional activities. , Grasp the reality of human history.

Tracking the history of human understanding, we can find that the introduction of history to the philosophy of history is first seen in the conclusion of the Italian Vico's "truth is creation" proposed in "New Science". Victor's historical thoughts have been contemplated and cherished by the enlightenment thinker on "human rationality", and extended the concept of "historical rationality" of German classical philosophy, which appeared in the blooming flowers of historical philosophy. Kant's "universal historical concept" emphasizes the integrity of human history, especially by paying attention to the reality of focusing on the quality of human "non -social social", revealing the secrets of the integration and regularity of the human history movement, and the promotion The concept of Victor's "eternal history" highlights those connections that are hidden in people's daily activities. This is to a certain extent that the "historical inevitability" that exists behind human history and plays a dominance of historical development. Hegel clearly stated that the only idea of ​​philosophy to observe history is the simple concept of "rationality", and history is a rational development process. Hegel is called "the latitude and weft of world history" with absolute spirit and "human enthusiasm". The so -called enthusiasm refers to human activities from private interests, special purposes, or attempts of self -interest. Under the premise of adhering to the absolute spirit as "principles", Hegel, by paying attention to the reality of human enthusiasm and passion in the world of life, reveals that human history is just a scene of human enthusiasm and passion. The process of "implementation". Hegel's uniquely introduced the "human enthusiasm" factor in the historical interpretation framework, there is no doubt that the philosophy appears in the real world of real life and can develop new elements and causes. Based on the "huge sense of history", Hegel's philosophy launched the direction of thinking from historical ties and promoting the development of philosophy.

The "huge historical sense" of Marx Mindu, Hegel, finally served the truth of absolute spiritual movement, adhered to "life determination consciousness", restored consciousness and various forms to "historical process of people's lives", indicating the essence of consciousness It is the real life process of people who are realized, and demonstrate the "emotional activity" of people's lives is the basis of the entire existing emotional world. This shows that Marx's critical transformation and creative transformation of Hegel's philosophy's ontology thinking, let the "historical sense" break through the logical cover, absorb history as the principles of philosophy theory, and promote and enrich the theory of philosophical ontology theory. Connotation: In the past, philosophy proced on consciousness or self -awareness, understanding and interpreting people and the world, and proved existence in the deduction of categories; historical materialism based on realistic people and their historical development, "to understand things according to the true face of things and their generation, to understand things ", Confirmed in real life. It is the theoretical consciousness that depends on the basic principles that historical materialism is not looking for some category in each era, but always based on the real world of life; Ethical activities come out to explain the formation of concepts. Historical materialism ended the philosophy of philosophy with conceptual interpretation as a power mechanism, so that philosophy returns to the real world of life and realizes self -development and self -confirmation.

In -depth real life process

Implement the "historical principles" and deeply understand the historical nature of human survival. Of course, Marx's reason to focus on the real world's realistic issues as the basis of philosophy. In the history of thought, since Hegel proposed and actually resolved the "reconciliation of rationality and reality", any approach to alienation of philosophy will lead to the confusion of civilization or the mistakes of the era. Marx insight into the huge wealth contained in Hegel's philosophical heritage, and has been committed to promoting philosophy to contact and interact with his own real world. Historical materialism realizes its own concern through participation and grasping the real life world. Although cutting into actual life is not unique to historical materialism, but the general requirements of philosophy as philosophy, the key to the problem is where and how to get started. Marx's unique eyes, seizing the "real person", is in real social relationships, those who can observe and engage in practical activities through experience. As long as "conscious individuals" are attributed to "individuals in reality" and "individuals in reality" are attributed to "their real life process", the derived nature of consciousness will be exposed. Ideological illusion is naturally true, and the various reality of people's problems will not be self -breaking. Historical materialism is to fully pay attention to the practical process of human self -generation and self -planning based on emotional activity. It attaches great importance to the entire significance and scope of this basic fact. "". Based on this, historical materialism has opened a practical direction for the vitality and vitality of the philosophy: Gao Yangren's "the subjectivity of objective essential power", saying "life -like individuals" to worry about their own survival stories.

Historical materialism, as a "new worldview", does not stay on the speculative requirements of the theoretical principles, but transforms the principled philosophical thinking into the "flashing lightning" and the desire to guide the times. Historical materialism advocates the idea that the decisive factors in the historical process are in the final analysis of the production and reproduction of real life. The socio -economic structure of each era forms the realistic basis for social life. Looking for the economy. The "new principles" of historical materialism explained, and they were recklessly to participate in the actual life movement.

Reveal the dialectics of modern society

Starting from the real life process, people can feel the social relationship and social life composed of "common activities of many people". The social connection formed in human perceptual activities is not mysterious at all with "people have the same long history". Moreover, as a "common activity method" of people, although there is indeed the complexity of constant renewal, it constitutes the living and emotional reality that people can experience and observe at all times without exception. Historical materialism emphasizes that people are social existence, and human life performance is the manifestation and confirmation of social life. In reality, the individual is "engaged in activities and produced material production. Therefore The boundaries, prerequisites and conditions are active. " Firmly believes that the "social nature" of human activities is another basic principle in the sense of historical materialism.

Marx pointed out: "People have not established a society's intention at all, but what they do is to develop society because they always want to develop themselves as lonely people, so they can only be in society and through society through society. Getting their own development. "This shows that the social nature of personal activities is not sometimes accidental configuration, but inherent inevitable. Therefore, individuals can only obtain comprehensive development of their talents in the community, and they may have personal freedom. Only by attributing the facts of social life to a certain overall connection can people truly understand these individual isolation facts.

Starting from social nature, Marx believes that the degree of liberation of each single person is consistent with the extent that history is completely transformed into world history. Human history is nothing more than alternation of each generation. Each generation uses the materials, funds, and productivity left by various generations. Although the relics of the previous generation are transformed and processed in a fully changed environment, the living conditions of the new generation of living conditions are This is pre -stipulated. The contradiction between productive forces and communication forms (production relations) constitutes the physical content and profound roots of human historical development. As the "Capital" exploits the relationship between capital and labor is the axis of the rotation of all modern social systems, and historical materialism is unparalleled to understand the living movement and nature of modern society. This is why historical materialism not only constructs a reasonable and self -consistent explanation principle in its own, but also reveals the perspective of grasping the era and being able to give substantial interpretation.

In the context of pursuing a better life to become a global consensus, if the development of modernity so far has caused people to encounter the threat of "spiritual hunger" in the rich material enjoyment, then unless rebuilding the spiritual home, this threat will not bedisappear.The spiritual armed forces and guidance of historical materialism are right.In the fierce ideological collision and game, Marx's possible insights on the way of capitalist production can directly help people grasp the nature of the existence of capital logic and its possible trends, making historical materialism a benchmark for people's minds.The reality inspired by the changes in the life world is unsurprising.The excellent character from the three dimensions of historical principles, reality requirements, and social movement, is undoubtedly revealing the incomparable theoretical responsibility of historical materialism.This is the theoretical consciousness that we re -read "German and Awareness" today.(Author Unit: School of Humanities, Tongji University)

Source: China Social Science Network-Journal of Social Sciences of China

Author: Chen Lixin

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