How to solve the tobacco addiction? How far is we from smokelessness?

China Well -off Network Exclusive Specialty

Text | "Well -off" · China Well -off reporter Zhao Dina

Tobacco addiction includes physiological addiction, psychological addiction and social addiction. From the perspective of Jiang Yuan, the vice president of the China Tobacco Control Association and the former director of the Tobacco Control Office of the China Disease Control and Prevention Center, it is more difficult to solve the social addiction, that is, the issue of the environment.

Strengthening awareness allows people to correctly understand smoking harmful and health, depending on a wider range of smoke control propaganda and greater health education. The picture shows Jiangyuan's participation in "My Rights My Responsibility" in the summer of 2018. (Photo confession/Jiangyuan))

"Tobacco: Threats our environment" is the theme of this year's World Tobacco -free day.

Tobacco harm is one of the most serious public health issues in the world. In real life, in addition to the environment and health harm caused by tobacco production and consumption, smoking smokers in the indoor environment will bring severe indoor pollution, which will endanger the micro -ring situation of our lives, and thereby bringing second -hand smoke and three -handed. Smoke affects the health of yourself, family and colleagues.

Starting from 1989, May 31st is designated as a World Tobacco Day on May 31, because the next day is International Children's Day, people want the next generation to be exempted from tobacco hazards. Today, the World Smokeless Day has gone through many years. "China Smoking Harm Health Report 2020" (hereinafter referred to as the "Report") shows that in the case of the continued decline in the per capita cigarette consumption of cigarettes in most countries, China's per capita tobacco consumption consumption consumption It has not dropped significantly, and has risen in recent years. Data from the national smoking epidemiology survey shows that the total smoking rate continues to decline, but the decline is low. The existing status of tobacco control is still not optimistic, and the smoke control work has always been long -term.

Social addiction to tobacco is more difficult to solve

Since the "World Sanitary Organization Tobacco Control Framework Convention" in 2005, since my country officially took effect, China has made great progress, and tobacco control has also been included in one of the 15 major special actions of "Healthy China Action (2019-2030)", but Judging from the results of the "Report", the number of smokers in China has remained high in the past 15 years.

The difficulty of quitting smoking is an important factor in smoking difficulty. Jiang Yuan, the former director of the China Disease Control and Prevention Center of the China Tobacco Control Association and the former director of the Tobacco Control Office of the China Disease Control and Control Center, said in an interview with "Xiaokang" magazine and a reporter from China Well -off. Essence "The so -called physiological addiction can be controlled by drugs, and there are indeed such drugs. But psychological addiction is more difficult to solve. For example, when some people write materials, they can find a cigarette. Addictive behavior. It is more difficult to solve social addiction, that is, the problem of the environment, and its change is a very slow process. "Jiang Yuan said.

The survey shows that Chinese smokers are different from smokers in other countries -about 50%of people will carry two packs of cigarettes, one pack of pumping by themselves, and a pack for social. But promoting social relations with smoke is not a good phenomenon. In addition, many young people do not understand the true harm of smoking. "One of the great obstacles to controlling smoke in my country is that people do not understand the true meaning of 'smoking harmful health'." Jiang Yuan said that everyone knows that "smoking is harmful to harm Health "This sentence is printed on the cigarette case, but in fact, the awareness rate of heart disease, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease causes less than 50%. Therefore, many people cannot have a strong motivation to quit smoking.

Make people correctly understand smoking and harmful health, and also depends on more and more extensive tobacco -controlling publicity, as well as more healthy education. "A health education project that is more admired in the world is the 'TIPS from Fermer Smoker' of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention." Jiang Yuan introduced that its content is mainly to collect real smoking cases in American society. Former smokers, they will give some shocking advice, such as when to start smoking, how to suffer from diseases such as diabetes, blindness, esophageal cancer, what is the current state, and so on. According to statistics from the US Centers for Centers for Centers for CDC, as long as the "TIPS FROM Former Smoker" is broadcast, the local smoking hotline will increase by several times.

"Of course, a more intense prompt on the cigarette case is that the substantial increase in smoking ban and the price of smoke prices in public places are also an effective means of smoking control." Jiang Yuan said that if the price of smoke can increase three times is an ideal state, " At the same time, the national taxation can be doubled, and the smoking rate can be reduced by half. "

In response to the tobacco control measures of adolescents, Jiang Yuan put forward the following three suggestions. The first point is the price increase. "Because teenagers are more sensitive to prices, they do not make money, so the price increase is an effective measure." The second point is to comprehensively ban advertising promotion and sponsorship. "Young people prefer to imitate. If celebrities smoke or It is too much smoking lens in advertisements, which has a great impact on teenagers. Studies have shown that children who like F1 formats will be more likely to become smokers in the future, because many of them are tobacco advertisements. "Third The point is an adult. "If the child returns home to see his father and grandpa smoke, then he will also smoke in the future."

Top smoke control needs to be accelerated again

At the Summary Meeting of the Progress Progress of the Healthy China Action Tobacco Control Action in 2021 and the Summary Meeting of the China Tobacco Control Popular Communication Activity in 2021, the Deputy Director of the Office of the Health China Action Promotion Committee, the deputy leader of the Health China Action Tobacco Control Work Group, and the National Health and Health Committee planned Mao Qunan, the director of the Development and Information Department, pointed out that for more than two years of the health China Action Tobacco Control Action, the Office of the Health China Action Promotion Committee is in conjunction with various departments, focusing on the construction of smoke -free environment, tobacco control legislation, smoking cessation service system construction, smoke control publicity, etc. It is being fully promoted to the development of various tobacco control work. Tobacco control legislation has always been the main direction of a tobacco control agency, because it can directly protect the public from hazards from second -hand smoke. According to statistics, at least 16 cities in my country have passed the laws and regulations of comprehensive smoking ban in indoor public places, including first -tier cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen. Unfortunately, there is no targeted national public place to control smoke and smoke regulations, and still has not fully achieved "no" to smokers in public places. However, in the health control operation of healthy China, the goal of "will basically achieve the establishment of party and government agencies at all levels into smoke -free institutions by 2022." Tobacco -free government agencies are to reduce the hazards of second -hand smoke and protect cadres and employees' health. Effective measures are the basic requirements of civilized office in government agencies. Jiang Yuan also believes that the creation of smoke -free governments is one of the relatively significant results in smoke control in the past two years.

The development of the Beijing Tobacco WeChat Complaint Platform- "Tobacco Control" is another achievement in recent years. It is not only a picture, but also a real -time map supervision system that can turn everyone's mobile phone into a tobacco monitoring camera. When citizens find a place where smoke control is weak, they can take photos and videos at their hands, and upload them to the platform in real time for complaints. After receiving the complaint, the "Tobacco Control of Tobacco Control" on the website of the Beijing Municipal Health and Health Commission, the window of the capital, and the city Aiwei Association will be updated simultaneously, and the "light light" is exposed immediately, which is convenient for volunteers and health supervision departments to discourage them. And law enforcement. Units that have been complained by the public 1 to 2 times, bright blue police lamps; those who have been complained 3 to 4 times, bright yellow police lamps; those who have been complained more than 5 consecutive times, bright red police lamps. When the blue light is on, the volunteers near the complaint unit will receive a "send order". The two groups are in groups to verify the situation by the reporting unit, inform the person in charge of the relevant regulations, help them implement the rectification, and conduct a week later after a week, and conduct a week later. Review. When the volunteer reviews, if the rectification effect of the relevant places is good, it will be "eliminated the lights". The "red light" units that have been complained and unwilling to cooperate with rectification are directly handled by the tobacco control law enforcement department. Law enforcement officers will interview the person in charge of the supervisory unit and punish them. "There are about 10,000 tobacco -controlling volunteers in Beijing, and I admire them very much." Jiang Yuan said that although he had done 20 years of tobacco control work, the persistence of smoke control volunteers still moved her. A job that has almost no compensation, it is not easy to persist. "

Only these are not enough. Huang Biaowen, an associate professor at the School of Language and Communication of Beijing Jiaotong University, pointed out that in recent years, tobacco control advocates encounter huge difficulties and challenges. Not only did the amount of smoke control decrease, but also lack of new materials and new angles, or did not grasp the characteristics of tobacco control dissemination. He hopes that more and more media and practitioners will join the smoke control team in the future, calling on smoke -free legislation, cultivating smoke -free culture, supervising smoke -free law enforcement, and promoting smoke -free science. Jiang Yuan also hopes to see the smoking cessation service into the basic public health services, not just setting up smoking quit clinics in the respiratory department. "Last year, I saw a very interesting study. It took five years and was sampled with more than 90,000 acute myocardial infarction patients, of which more than 30,000 people smoked. In the end, more than 30,000 people accepted it after being discharged from the hospital. Which treatments are only 35%of them have been given smoking cessation. From this, it can be seen that medical workers have not enough awareness and behavior cognition of smoking quit. "Jiang Yuan pointed out that each medical staff should remind patients to help realize to achieve realization Smoke -free China.

("Well -off" · China Well -off Exclusive Draft)

This article was published in "Well -off" in early June 2022

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