Family civil liquefied petroleum gas disaster accident disposal "ten steps"

Family civil liquefied petroleum gas disaster

"Ten steps" of accident disposal

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1. The nature and dangerous characteristics of liquefied petroleum

(1) Main composition. The liquefied petroleum gas is composed of hydrocarbons. The main ingredients are butylene, acrylic, butane, and propane. They are doped with a small amount of sulfide impurities with a small amount of pentane, pentharne and trace. In order to remind people to discover whether the liquefied gas is leaked in time, the processing plant often mixes a small amount of sulfol or sulfein compounds with odor smells in liquefied gas.

(2) Main form. A colorless volatile liquid mixture obtained by oil refining processing is performed at normal temperature and constantly pressing the colorless gases with a slightly irritating odor. Storage and transportation.

(3) Physical and chemical properties. The density of liquefied petroleum gas liquid is 580kg/m³, the density in the gesture is 2.35kg/m³, the gaseous density is about 1.5-2 times the air, the volume is expanded by 250-350 times when the liquid is changed to the gesture, and the ignition temperature is 426 ~ 537 ℃, the explosion limit is 1.5%-9.65%.

(4) Supply method. Residents' liquefied petroleum gas has two ways: pipeline transportation and bottle supply. Among them, the pipeline transportation method is mainly concentrated in large and medium -sized cities, and the urban gas supply stations directly transport liquefied oil and gas to the residents' homes through the pipeline. Canned supply is to seal the cylinders of liquefied petroleum gas irrigation through the storage storage station, and then distribute it to each household. As a source of gas supply for home gas stoves, liquefied petroleum gas cylinders are generally used to connect gas pipes to the gas pipes. Some products are added to the mortar, which is easy to corrode rubber hose. After a long period of use, the rubber hose is prone to aging and causes gas leakage.

(5) Dangerous characteristics. LNG has the characteristics of flammable, explosive, and low toxicity. The flammable is mainly due to the flicker and spontaneous combustion points contained in the liquefied petroleum and gas components, which are very low, which can easily cause burning. The explosion is divided into chemical explosions and physical explosions. The chemical explosion generally forms an explosive mixture mixed with the air after leakage. The explosion occurs in the fire. The physical explosion is generally due to excessive filling, high temperature baking, mechanical collision, and equipment defects. A steam explosion occurred sharply in petroleum gas. Symptoms of poisoning are mainly dizziness, headache, shortness of breath, excitement or drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, slow pulse, etc. In severe cases, coma or even suffocating death will occur. Stimulation.

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2. Method of the treatment of family civil liquefied petroleum gas disasters

In the rescue of the gas leakage explosion of residential residential buildings, the principles of disposal of "explosion -proof, rear row row, first control the source of fire, and post -system stop leak" must be adhered to, and rescue operations are scientifically implemented.

(1) Disaster research and judgment. The first is the bottled liquefied petroleum gas. The residential household bottle liquefied petroleum gas leaks. First, the unit or the entire building residents are evacuated to prevent the room from explosion and the mixed gas due to the long period of time. The second is the pipe network for liquefied petroleum gas. The housing furnace furnace and rubber tube occur in the leak of the oil gas gas, and the gas supply department is notified to link to the border area and the fast cut valve in the boundary area and the accident building. At the same time, evacuation units or residents of the entire building prevent the unknown of the leakage source and the leakage time. The unit or the stairwell forms an explosion and the mixed gas. The unit of fire causes the unit to cause explosion. Shop. There are two forms of liquefied petroleum fuel in the catering industry in the bottom of the bottom of the bottom. There are two forms of liquefied petroleum fuel fuels. Bottle gas supply is generally available in row. The number of steel cylinders is large, the risk is high, the power of explosion is large, the reconnaissance research and judgment difficulty occurs. Big, first evacuate catering shop customers, surrounding merchants, residents, or residents of the entire building, comprehensively and judge and dispose of disposal. The scope of the alert area and control of the fire is larger than the scope of a single steel cylinder of home residents. The management and control, the blasting or the gas fountain of the gas has been repeatedly released at the scene, indicating that multiple gas cylinders are released one by one, and they must be carefully decided and action; The scope of leakage, the amount of leakage, comprehensive research and judgment decision.

(2) The "ten steps" of leakage accident disposal. Alert, evacuation, investigation, checking source, power off, dilution, dilution, dilution, risk, control valve, transfer, resettlement.

(3) The "ten steps" of fire explosion accidents. Alert, evacuation, power off, cooling, fire extinguishing, valve, dilution, investigation, transfer, resettlement.

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Third, the "Ten Step Method" action requirements and precautions

Family civil liquefied petroleum gas disaster accident disposal is "strict alert control, timely evacuation and rescue, meticulous on -site investigation, accurate inspection of source inspection, diluted and anti -explosion -proof in place, accurate diluted and anti -explosion -proof, accurate discharge measures, decisive air control, cooling control Fire science, reasonable fire extinguishing tactics, moving transportation safety, and complete resettlement risks. " details as follows:

(1) When a leak occurs

1. Strict alert management and control. After arriving, three aspects should be taken: three aspects:

The first is to start auxiliary decision -making systems such as chemical disaster accident disposal to evaluate the harm that may be caused by the abolition of gas. Use the combustible gas detector, gas concentration detector (professional equipment of gas group) to determine the concentration and range of leakage gas. According to the results of the testing and evaluation, the scope of diffusion is determined, and the scope of the alertness (when the liquefied petroleum concentration reaches 25%of the lower limit of the explosion, the area is determined as a dangerous area), set up on -site monitoring personnel at multiple points, streamlined first -line combatants, and it is forbidden to have nothing to do with it. Personnel and motor vehicles enter the leaky diffusion area to prevent all fire sources in the alert area; the second is that the personnel entering the gas leakage area must strengthen personal protection, wear air respirators, wear fire -extinguishing protection clothing, inside anti -static underwear, and do it before using equipment. Good anti -static treatment. When laid the water zone in the warning area, the interface part must be tightened with a cloth strip to make a spark in the waterproof band with the ground impact friction with the ground;

Third, according to the construction structure on the spot, it is clear that all positions avoid the pressure of the construction (structure) and avoid the explosion impact.

2. Search and rescue evacuation. Pay close attention to the development of the disaster situation and the process of rescue operations, and timely detect important data such as wind direction, wind, wind, leakage gas physical and chemical properties, leakage, and gas concentration in the air, and adjust rescue deployment due to time and local.

First, it is necessary to organize personnel who have action capabilities to evacuate and guide them in an orderly manner in an orderly manner;

Second, the rescue team should bring life -saving equipment to the danger zone under cover;

The third is to adopt the correct rescue method to rescue and transfer the dangerous personnel to the safe area, register and identify the rescue personnel, and transfer it to the medical emergency department for treatment.

3. On -site investigation is meticulous. The investigation team should use the flammable gas detector to conduct continuous investigation inspections from the outside to the inside out from the outside or the side air. The number of personnel, distribution conditions, the number of trapped personnel, the number of people who are trapped, the casualties and the specific location of the accident area build a structure form, whether the road and the surrounding areas are available. Use explosion -proof thermal imaging instruments to detect the internal temperature of the site to reasonably set the water gun position. The technical personnel of the United Gas Group used the professional equipment of the gas department to further investigate the scene. After the discipline of the agent, the scope of the dangerous area and the warning area was adjusted, and the whole process was monitored.

4. Examine testing is accurate. Use the detection instrument to detect the changes in gas concentration at the scene of the accident, determine the wind and direction of the site and the surrounding areas, analyze the foundation of the leak, and evaluate the risk factors and consequences of the explosive combustion. The "Z"-shaped route should be taken from the direction of the upper wind. According to the order of "upper-side-side-in-wind-downwind-side wind", the average value of high, medium and low points is tagged to mark the average position, and gradually detect and search for leakage points.

5. Power off and eliminate dysfunction. Decisively take measures to eliminate all fire sources, cut off the power, and enter the staff of the warning zone to close all non -explosive radio stations, mobile phones, wireless headphones, tablets and other non -explosion -proof electronic communication equipment, and shall not carry ordinary lighting fixtures, non -explosion -proof cameras, cameras, etc. Note: The disconnection of the power supply must be determined that the gas leaked gas leaked at the scene must not cause the explosion before it can be implemented.

6. Dilute explosion -proof in place. Water curtain walls are formed with fog -shaped shots to prevent gas from spreading towards important goals or dangerous sources. If the liquefied petroleum is flowing along the ground, it can be covered with medium multiples foam liquid to reduce its evaporation speed and reduce the range of gas cloud. For liquefied petroleum and gas gathered in the building and ditch, the doors and windows or ditch can be opened, and the air is dispersed through natural ventilation or water -driven hood. It is forbidden to use DC water to directly impact the leakage site to prevent static electricity accumulation and discharge caused by the impact of strong water flow.

7. Precise discharge operation. When the accident site must be implemented at the scene of the accident, it is necessary to cooperate with the gas group to carry out operations. First, confirm that the gas concentration of the site is within the non -explosive limit of the non -explosive limit. Protective equipment and other protective equipment such as combustible gas detectors use water guns to spray fog -shaped water or blossom water flow, carry the leakage tool, quickly enter the dangerous area, use wooden wedges, magnetic pressure blocking tools, and card holes to block leakage tools. , Or high -marked method of frozen cement to implement combat operations such as leakage points (locations).

8. The valve is decisive. When leakage of the gas pipeline of the residential residential residential residential house, the gas diffusion of the leakage point should be controlled by spray water and flowering water, and the explosion -proof is mainly to notify the gas group to quickly turn off the valve. When leaking the liquefied petroleum gas tank, it should be transferred to the open area under the cover of flowering water guns to implement the valve, blocking or emptying operations. When you need to open the outer window to release the gas outward, you should observe whether there is a fire source on the floor in advance, and determine the opening window position reasonably according to the type of gas. (Small proportion of natural gas should spread upward, and the proportion of liquefied petroleum and gas should be spread down or low -lying)

9. Movement and transportation safety. When the bottle is in a state of safe control and the concentration of environmental gas is within the limit of the non -explosive limit, it is necessary to transfer it to the safe area for further disposal. During the disposal, under the guidance of the technical staff of the gas group, it should be covered with flowering water guns to ensure that the bottle is always in a cooling state, and quickly and smoothly transfer to the open area for empty or leakage operations.

10. The resettlement risk is thorough. In order to prevent the explosion of liquefied petroleum gas, under the premise of ensuring absolute safety, it can be emptied. Before emptying the risk, the fire source of the alert area should be defined according to the geographical environment, wind direction, etc., and the air circulation of the air discharge areas should be kept in the air curtain. The wind curtain water gun is diluted, and observation whistle and water gun (cannon) cover in the air curtain water gun are diluted to set the water curtain water gun. The position, until the gas was exhausted. (2) When a fire explosion accident occurs

1. Strict alert management and control. After arriving, personnel groups and division of labor are generally conducted. Generally, the investigation team, fire extinguishing group, search and rescue group, warning group, and water supply group. After the expert group and the technical personnel researched the discipline, the scope of the warning area was determined, the warning signs were set up, the alert personnel were arranged, and the personnel were strictly controlled. During the entire disposal process, dynamic testing should be implemented, and gas concentration testing is performed on the surrounding area of ​​the fire and explosion.

2. Scheduled search and rescue in time. After arriving, you must master the leakage area and the surrounding area; investigators use the flammable gas detector to monitor the gas concentration of the accident site; determine the wind and direction of the scene and the surrounding areas; And evacuation.

3. Power off and eliminate dysfunction. Cut off all the power supply in the warning area to extinguish the fire; the high fever equipment stops the work; on -site disposal personnel prohibit port mobile phones and cut off the telephone line; they must not wear chemical fiber clothing and shoes with nails to enter the warning area. Disposal work.

4. Cooling and fire control science. Dilute the spray or flowering water form, organize a certain amount of spray gun gun to dispel diluted and diluted gas, and participating in disposal personnel must work under the cover of the spray water gun.

5. Reasonable fire extinguishing tactics. When the leakage gas is stable and combustion, the water gun (gun) position should be set first to cool the leakage pipelines and surrounding containers, pipes, valves and other facilities and affected construction (structure). The water injection in the pipeline caused the pipeline temperature to rise, which exacerbated leakage. Pay attention to the burning flames at any time, such as turning white from orange -yellow, or due to the rupture of the leak, the screaming sound of the damage, or when the tank, pipeline, container, etc. are trembling, that is, the explosion is a sign. Essence

6. The valve is decisive. First, before the technical staff of the gas group did not arrive, the right -angle valve should not be closed, and the cooling water should be protected to maintain stable combustion. The valve at both ends of the site cut off the gas source, cool the adjacent parts with cooling water, so that the gas in the pipeline is exhausted; the third is to prevent the leaked gas from the explosion of the fire and the air formed by the air. The impact pipe or tank body must be dispelled or diluted with spray shot or flowers.

7. Dilute explosion -proof in place. After delineating the scope of the warning and selection of the offensive direction, the strong water gun echelon from the peripheral organization uses spray water guns to produce fog water and water drive dischargers to continuously dilute the diffusion gas after the explosion. Gas, the overall advancement, dispersed down the direction of the downwind.

8. On -site investigation is meticulous. Use the flawed gas detector to detect the type and concentration of the gas to clarify the scope of diffusion. The number of personnel, distribution conditions, the number of trapped personnel, the number of people who are trapped, the casualties and its specific location, the construction (structure) building form, the road of the site, and the surrounding areas are surrounded by fire sources. Use explosion -proof thermal imaging instruments to detect the internal temperature distribution of the site, and reasonably set the water gun (gun) position. The technical personnel of the United Gas Group use the professional equipment of the gas department to further investigate the scene.

9. Movement and transportation safety. When the flame of the tank is sprayed outward, it should be confirmed that the tank body should be in a stable combustion state with the cooperation of the technical personnel of the gas group. Wearing heat thermal gloves quickly close the bottle valve and safely transferred under the cover of flowering water guns.

10. The resettlement risk is thorough. When the flames are burn horizontally or vertically, the bottle body should be used to ensure the cooling strength of the cooling water. After the bottle body cools down, the gas is transferred to the safe area and the gas will be burned by itself.

(3) Emergency risk aversion requirements

1. Find the timing of evacuation. First, when the flame was found from red to white, the light was dazzling, and the harsh roar occurred at the burning place, and it should be evacuated in time. The second is to evacuate in time when the water supply is interrupted or insufficient at the scene. Third, when the fire was out of control or instrumental detection and found that it was about to reach the explosion limit, it should be evacuated in time. Fourth, when the building collapses, the roof collapse, and the burning back of other danger signs, it should be evacuated in time.

2. Clarify the evacuation plan. Before the disposal of family civil liquefied petroleum accidents, according to the on -site wind direction terrain, building layout and dangerous situation, it should be clearly explicitly evacuated, evacuated, evacuated, and hedging areas in advance. Emergency treatment preparation.

3. Master the risk aversion method. When discovering the signs of danger, all internal searches and rescue personnel should immediately give up the position and evacuate to the safe area; when it is too late to withdraw, choose the surrounding bunkers or other obstacles. Dodge.

Source | Emergency Rescue Battle Training Camp

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