How to get a popular science earthquake?

How should parents give their children's popular science earthquake knowledge?

What should I do when the earthquake comes?

Facing unpredictable disasters,

Parents must not only protect their children's healthy growth,

Let children learn to protect themselves and stay away from danger.

How to get a popular science earthquake to children

When it comes to science popularization with children, many parents have a headache: How can we explain these complex natural principles to innocent children?

May wish to take out a picture of the earthquake and ask the child: "Take a closer look, is there something wrong with this city?"

At this moment, it is the "scientific inquiry consciousness" that stimulates children's observation, comparison, curiosity, and thinking about why.

Children may say that here is hot, the bridge is broken here, the building is down here! Don't look at these little guys who are not very old, observation is really not bad!

Why is there an earthquake? We can ask.

"The underground water boiled and pushed the ground."

"The landmine is exploded!"

"A big mouth was cracked during the earthquake, and people fell!"

Native

To be honest, these children know a lot.

What is an earthquake?

Earthquake, also known as earth, is a manifestation of the crustal movement, that is, the vibration of the earth surface caused by the sudden release of the energy inside the earth. The sector on the earth and the sector squeeze and collide with each other, causing misplace and rupture of the edge of the sector and inside the plate, which is the main cause of the earthquake.

Earthquake, like wind and rain, and thunder and lightning, is a very common natural phenomenon. According to statistics, about 5 million earthquakes in the world each year, and an average of tens of thousands of earthquakes occur every day. Of course About 1,000 earthquakes above level 5 may cause about 18 earthquakes above level 7 or more.

What is an earthquake wave?

During the earthquake, the dislocation of the underground rock layer released huge energy, which stimulated a elastic wave spread to the surroundings. This is the earthquake wave. Various destruction on the ground is caused by seismic waves.

Earthquake waves are mainly divided into body waves and face waves. As the name implies, the body wave refers to the waves passed inside the earth. Facial wave refers to the waves passed along the surface of the earth. Body waves are mainly composed of two waves, namely horizontal waves and longitudinal waves.

The vibration direction of the longitudinal wave is consistent with the direction of the propagation of the wave, and the vibration direction of the horizontal wave is vertical with the direction of the propagation. Therefore, when the longitudinal wave reaches the ground, people feel that they are moving, the objects are beating up and down, and when the horizontal wave reaches the ground, people feel shaking, and the object will swing back and forth. In terms of speed, the transmission speed of the longitudinal wave is faster than the horizontal waves. Therefore, during the earthquake, the longitudinal wave always reaches the surface, and the horizontal waves always fall back. There are a few seconds to ten seconds between the longitudinal wave and the horizontal wave. Generally speaking, the horizontal waves that cause the ground left and right are the main causes of the building collapse.

According to the characteristics of horizontal waves and longitudinal waves, when a large near earthquake occurs, people feel bumpy up and down first. After a few seconds to ten seconds, they feel a strong level shaking. The reason is that the longitudinal wave spreads inside the earth than the horizontal waves. Therefore, when the earthquake, the longitudinal wave always reaches the surface, and the horizontal waves always fall back. This is very important, because the longitudinal wave gives us a warning, telling us that the horizontal wave that causes the destruction of the building is about to arrive immediately, and make precautions quickly.

During the Tangshan earthquake in 1976, a cadre living in the building was suddenly awakened by the earth. Because the cadre usually knew some earthquake knowledge, when he felt the earthquake bumpy, he quickly drilled under the table. After five or six seconds, the roof collapsed. Until noon, after he was rescued, he felt deeply that he would have been dead for a long time. He said he saved his life.

Earthquake and intensity

The earthquake on the earth is strong and weak. There are two ruler used to measure the strength of the earthquake, one is called an earthquake -class; the other is called earthquake intensity.

The energy of the earthquake reflects the energy released by the earthquake is only related to the energy released by the earthquake. It is represented by "grade". The magnitude of the earthquake is calculated through the records of the seismic instrument. The stronger the earthquake, the greater the earthquake. The magnitude of the earthquake is one level, and the energy difference is about 30 times. For example, in 1995, the energy released by the 7.2 -magnitude earthquake in Osaka, Japan was equivalent to the energy of the atomic bomb that the United States put into Japan in Japan during World War II. The intensity refers to the degree of earthquake damage to buildings such as ground and houses. For the same earthquake, different areas, the intensity is different.

What are the differences between earthquake and intensity? The earthquake -class level seems to be a different wattage light bulb. The higher the wattage, the greater the brightness. The intensity seems to be shiny in the room. For the same electric light, the closer to the electric light, the greater the light, the farther the light, the smaller the light. The earthquake is only related to the energy released by the earthquake, which means the size of the earthquake, so there is only one earthquake level at a earthquake;

The intensity indicates the influence and destruction of the ground. For the same earthquake, different areas, the intensity is different. For example, in the Tangshan earthquake in 1976, the earthquake level was 7.8, and the earthquake intensity was eleven. Affected by the Tangshan earthquake, the earthquake intensity of the Tianjin urban area was eight degrees. The earthquake intensity of the place is only four to five degrees.

How to classify the earthquake?

There are many reasons that cause surface vibration of the earth. According to the cause of the earthquake, the earthquake can be divided into the following:

● Constructing earthquake

The earthquake caused by the motion of the rock formation and rupture of the underground is called a structural earthquake. This type of earthquake has the largest number of times, and the destructive power is the largest, accounting for about 90%of the world's earthquake. ● volcanic seismic

Due to volcanic effects, such as magma activity, gas explosion, earthquakes are called volcanic earthquakes. A volcanic earthquake can only occur in the volcanic activity area, and this type of earthquake only accounts for about 7%of the world's earthquake.

● Collapse earthquake

The earthquake caused by the collapse of the underground cave or the top of the mine is called a collapse earthquake. The scale of such earthquakes is relatively small and fewer times. Even if there are, it often occurs in limestone areas or large -scale underground mining areas.

● Treatment of earthquake

Earthquakes caused by reservoir water storage, oil field water injection and other activities are called inducing earthquakes. This type of earthquake occurs only in certain reservoirs or oilfield areas.

● Artificial earthquake

The ground vibration caused by underground nuclear explosions, explosive blasting, etc. It is called an artificial earthquake.

What disasters can earthquake cause?

According to statistics, more than 5 million earthquakes occur every year on the earth. Cause fire!

The "5.12" earthquake in 2008 caused many people to dispose of it instantly, with hundreds of thousands of casualties.

Earthquakes will also occur in secondary disasters. The severe exercise on the bottom of the sea causes a large amount of seawater, which will cause tsunami. After the huge waves attack the coast, they will be washed away. The two are closely related, causing huge natural disasters to each other.

At present, scientists cannot accurately predict the coming of earthquakes. Therefore, understanding the type of earthquake disaster, doing a good job of defense operations early, and improving self -rescue consciousness is the top priority.

How to save yourself by earthquake?

Facing the sudden disaster

We are keeping calm

You can also use the knowledge of disaster prevention to escape

do you know?

Tip: Click the picture to watch the video

Designing a "disaster prevention game" that children will fall in love with

In disaster, protecting yourself and helping others is an important part of disaster prevention education. But traditional exercises and training look a little bit boring for children. Let's take a look at how the Japanese public welfare organization Arts (Plus-Arts) uses the power of design to integrate fun disaster prevention training into the game.

The little boy worked hard to perform a single tug -of -rivers, which is a fun sport that simulates the rescue.

Is it like a "shooting game" in the park? In fact, this is a "bucket shooting" that simulates emergency fire.

This is a crawling racing of simulation fire escape.

"Come! Together! The frog scam" design concept

"Come together! The frog scam" refers to the toy exchange activity designed by artist Fujiko in 2000. In the toy exchange activity, children can exchange their toys into points, and then exchange other toys with points.

Find a child who likes your favorite doll in the toy mountain

The disaster prevention experience projects in the event not only attach importance to fun, but also practicality. All disaster prevention items are designed based on interviewers in the earthquake. The experience items in the event are the skills to save life when the disaster occurs.

Fire extinguisher experience items in the activity

The stretcher rescue experience items during the event

Disaster prevention knowledge card shuffle

In addition, with the theme of "Fire Fire", "First Aid", and "Reserve", many interesting games have been designed, such as the "disaster prevention card shuffle" that combines the knowledge of disaster prevention and board games to prevent furniture from dumping the wounded workshop., "Paper Zhiju", which popularize the knowledge of disaster prevention reserves, and so on.Compared with traditional training exercises, these educated projects are more easy to accept children. It is an educational method with reference value.For life -saving, the emergency response ability and theoretical knowledge of disaster prevention are essential.And such knowledge must be mastered and prepared on weekdays in order to come in handy when the disaster is coming.

Source: Shanxi Provincial Earthquake Administration

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