We fought to Tianming after drying this cup of coffee!Why did you drink and fall asleep?

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Knowledge point in this article

caffeine

"Cove the manuscript tonight, buy cups first"

"I'm so sleepy in the morning, buy a cup of coffee to mention God"

"Coffee? Don't drink or drink, otherwise I can't sleep at all tonight"

Coffee that makes people love and hates (picture source network)

Such similar words should be very common in the examination week, the date of the draft, the time of overtime, etc., and are also common among office workers who sleep at the hazy eyes every morning. However, everyone found that some people were always drinking coffee at all, and some people could use coffee to work all day, even insomnia to dawn.

Why is this? Why can coffee make many of us a lot of people? Let's discuss these issues today.

Many people know that the material that can play a role in coffee is caffeine. The caffeine actually exists in many drinks or foods, such as coffee, tea, red bulls, chocolate, and so on.

The caffeine contained in various beverages (Figure source network, for reference only)

To solve our problems, we must figure out the principle and mechanism of this substance. So how does caffeine play a role?

In your nerves, there is something called adenosine, and when you are awake, they have little content. With the continuation of the sober time, the adenosine is constantly accumulated and will activate the corresponding adenosine receptor. At this time, it is time for you to sleep.

But what is caffeine is an antagonist (Antagonist). In short, it will be grabbed with adenosine, occupying the adenosine recovery, and you may continue to be awake.

The doping (caffeine is actually a stimulant) antagonistic effect. It can think of blue -green balls as adenosine, red as caffeine, and yellow is the receptor (Figure source network)

In terms of image, it is as if when you are ready to turn off the lights to sleep, a bear child blocks the switch and refuses to sleep for you; or more image, caffeine is the so -called "occupying a pit without shit".

By the way, in addition, caffeine also indirectly changes the activity of dopamine in the brain pattern, promotes the release of dopamine. The happiness that dopamine brings to you will make you continue to drink coffee. It will be used as addicts.

The reward system of the brain (Figure source network)

Of course, caffeine will definitely not always occupy such an important position like adenosine. After all, you will still be sleepy after a certain period of time. With blood circulation, caffeine enters the liver that specializes in treating various miscellaneous substances.

The enzymes contained in the liver will decompose caffeine, generate paramaccharium (promoting fat decomposition in the blood), cocoaine (also the main alkaloids of chocolate), and catekine. The further metabolism of these substances was eventually discharged through urine.

The substance and corresponding content generated by caffeine metabolism (source: wikipedia)

According to these mechanisms, when we think that different people have different refreshing effects of coffee, we will understand a lot:

The first is the role of caffeine and is related to adenosine and adenosine receptor. Some people may have different affinity of adenosine, so the effects of caffeine can also be different.

In addition, the metabolism of caffeine, the faster the decomposition, the weaker the effect of caffeine. The speed of metabolism is closely related to the enzyme in the liver, and it is also related to the age, body type, liver function or pregnancy of individuals.

For example, normal people's decomposition of caffeine usually takes 3-4 hours, and infants and young children may extend more than ten hours due to the ability to detoxify; People with diseases may increase to more than 90 hours.

By the way, there are news on the Internet saying that if a dog drinks coffee, it will die, and persuade you not to drink coffee. This is because dog's metabolic efficiency of caffeine is far worse than others, especially cocoaine produced by caffeine (so chocolate is not good), so it is easy to poison.

Such operations are recommended to be cautious (source: depositphotos)

In addition, the drinking amount of coffee will have a great impact on what kind of coffee you drink. In the metabolic pathway of coffee, many genetic enzymes or other substances will have an impact.

For example, the CYP1A2 gene is an enzyme that can be metabolized; AHR genes can regulate the CYP1A2 gene, such as the combination of protein and genes to promote the expression of genes; ABCG2 genes are related to neural response to caffeine ... There are many genes like this.

Here I hope that everyone has a certain understanding of gene regulation: one gene can have multiple functions, and one function does not have a genetic decision alone. Such multiple genes cooperate with each other to exercise various functions, which is also the magic of creatures.

Many of the popular genetic products that are currently popular are the "caffeine tolerance". In fact, many of them only detect the differences in a gene site, and judge whether you are caffeine tolerance. Obviously, such judgments have no accuracy.

The example report of the genetic testing company, the detection of caffeine tolerance actually detects only one site (picture source: wegene)

Although various genes can have a good effect of metabolic caffeine, they have also mentioned that dogs, or cats, birds, insects and other creatures have been mentioned before. After ingestion of caffeine, it will have great toxicity due to low metabolic efficiency. Similarly, excessive intake of caffeine can also cause toxicity to people. For example, increased blood pressure causes cardiovascular disease, emotional can cause anxiety and depression, of course, it can also cause lack of sleep.

Various physiological problems caused by excessive intake of caffeine (source: wikipedia)

The recommended caffeine intake is less than 400mg. The large cup of Starbucks is about two cups (refer to the previous picture). I hope everyone can drink it in moderation. Instead of feeling that I still feel sleepy or sleepy, and continue to drink continuously, it is a healthy choice.

(Ah, finish, drink cup coffee)

Reference materials:

Caffeine: Performing antidote or poison? -Chimon Daily

https://www.genecards.org/

Cornelis M C, Kacprowski T, Menni C, et al. Genome-wide association study of caffeine metabolites provides new insights to caffeine metabolism and dietary caffeine-consumption behavior[J]. Human molecular genetics, 2016, 25(24): 5472-5482 Then, then, then

Nawrot P, Jordan S, Eastwood J, et al. Effects of Caffeine on Human Health [J].

Wikipedia related entries

Does not represent the position of the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

Source: BIOKIWI

Edit: Muyu

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