"Beautiful Shanxi Ecological Line (Yellow River)" The first stop is partial (5): The wind can not afford the sand and the water flow without mud

Yituan County is the first county in the Yellow River to enter the Jin Dynasty, and it is also one of the worst water and soil loss in our province. The area of ​​soil and soil loss is 1358 square kilometers, accounting for 81%of the county's total land area.

In the county, the three major rivers of the Yiguan River, county rivers, and Yangjiachuan River in the county are all seasonal rivers. Among them, the parties are the first -level tributary of the Yellow River. As soon as the rainy season arrived, a yellow dragon rushed towards the Yellow River with a sand belt mud.

Since its establishment, I have carried out the management of soil and water loss for more than 70 years. Several generations of people in the county have been unswerving to restore the ecological environment of Yiguan County.

Under the hot sun, the billed tree people are still working. Shanxi Evening News reporter Hu Sanguang Photo

There will be millions of tons of sediment in the rainy season in the rainy season of the parties of the parties in the rainy season.

The problem of the Yellow River is in the Yellow River, and the root is in the basin.

The parties of the Yiguan River are the first -level tributary of the Yellow River, and it is a seasonal river flowing through the southern gate of the old city of the county. This year's rainy season has not yet arrived, the river bed is green, and the water flows can not be seen. The grass in the middle of the river bed is more lush. On June 17, the reporter of the Shanxi Evening News and the second webmaster Zhang Fuye from the parties of the Yituan Hydrological Station off the river bed from 6 meters high to the middle, and found that a small stream was hidden in the grass quietly. Essence

The parties of the parties belong to the mountains of the mountains, and the floods are frequent, and the skyrocketed and falling. Zhang Fuye introduced: "In 1979, the Yiguan River had sent a big flood. At that time, the riverbed skyrocketed, and the flood peak surpassed the height of the river bank and spread into the county." He pointed at the river bank and said, "The flood was at least drowned on the shore on the shore. The first floor of the house, since then, has not had such a large flood that has happened. "The measured data from the hydrological station showed that the largest flood peak traffic that year reached 2140 cubic meters per second.

High sand content is a prominent feature of the sediment of the partial river basin. On August 13, 1967, when the flood of the parties outbreak, the largest section content of the largest section reached 1180kg/m3. Mudslides.

From 1956 to 2005, the hydrological monitoring data of the hydrological station of Yiguan County during the 50 years showed that the period when the largest sand production of the parties was concentrated in the rain and flood period, that is, July -August each year. According to statistics, the amount of sand loss in June to September of each year accounted for 98%of the annual sand loss volume, and the amount of sand -in -in -law in July to August accounted for 87%of the annual sand loss, or even more than 90%. The average annual sand -in -in -law of the partial Guanhe River reached 10.576 million tons, and the maximum annual sand loss was 55.1 million tons. Hydropower, wind, freezing, and gravity erosion are the direct causes of soil and soil loss. Of the four reasons, hydraulic erosion is undoubtedly the biggest problem facing the partial Guanhe River Basin. This is directly related to the sparse vegetation of the parties in the river basin, poor water conservation ability, and the surface of the surface of the runoff. "In the past, the roasted mountains of wood and forage for the heating and breeding of livestock, which caused the vegetation in the parties to be severely damaged." Zhang Fuye said. "I can still see the dunes on the mountain when I was a kid, and now it is completely gone." The dunes in Hu Erle, the webmaster of Shuibao Station, the water security station of Yituan County, existed in the 1980s.

Is it a place that is not suitable for human survival in history?

totally not.

Yituan County is located in the middle of the Yellow River Loess Area. It belongs to the green forest and grassland. There are many trees. Bai Yangling, Sanglin Po, Huarinbao, Bilu Tree, Huaringou, Nanhai Tower, Haizigou, Haizi Babe ... The place names left over from these historical history showed us a beautiful place with dense forests and many lakes.

In the Ming Dynasty, Yituan became the frontier of the northern part of the Ming government, practicing engineering, swordsmen, and building the Great Wall. With the extension of the Great Wall, the trees on both sides of the Great Wall were burned and burned. Forest profit. The "Editor's Editor" of Ma Wensheng in the Ming Dynasty described: "Hundreds of people in groups, thousands of husbands are neighbors, cannot be banned, and they are banned." It is said that there are no less than one million woods that are traveled to Beijing every year. When the founding of New China, the natural forests in the county no longer exist, and the naked on the surface is either a loess or a dry stone that is not even long.

The deterioration of the ecology has raged floods and wind and sand.

Although the time of Ji Guan Jianxian was short, the flood recorded by the old county's records reached more than twenty times: June of the first year of Yongzheng (1723), the water was closed, and the water in the city was two feet. ) In June, the water of the river overflowed with the west, and hundreds of people drowned, and the water in the city was deep. In the twenty -five years of Jiaqing (1820), Lin Yu seventh day, the water flooded the west ...

County Zhili also records: "The twenty -four years of Qianlong's wind and wind is obscure", "Jiaqing 23 years of big winds."

As a result, the land of partially became "three running fields" (running water, running soil, and running fat), and partial passing became "a place that is not suitable for human survival."

The scenery of the Guanhekou in Yiguan County. Photo by Shanxi Evening News reporter Ma Liming

More than a hundred dams blocked floods and sands to make good fields

"From the perspective of the changing trend of the annual runoff and annual output of the parties in the river basin in the past 40 years, the 1960s and 1970s increased rapidly, and it had experienced negative growth in the 1980s. "In recent years, the loss of soil and soil should be more optimistic."

Li Wenqing, the third webmaster of Yituan Hydrological Station, analyzed the precipitation, runoff, and sediment data from the actual measurement of the hydroponic station from 1958 to 2008, and found that in the case of maintaining basic stability of the annual precipitation in different years, The flow of traffic and annual sand loss has been significantly reduced year by year. "Since 2005, there have been no floods in the part of the part of the Kuanhe River." Zhang Lei, the fourth webmaster of the hydrological station, said. The ecology of the Yiguan River Basin is good, thanks to the previous party committees and governments of Yituan County to catch soil and water conservation as the top events.

Hu Erle said: "Measures for soil and water conservation include engineering measures, biological measures, and water storage soil and cultivation measures. Small water conservancy projects such as drainage systems and irrigation systems are specific practices of soil and water conservation. The soil and water conservation projects of Yituan County are mainly damaging dams, small basin governance, and breeding. Most of the trimmed dams that have been spontaneously carried out spontaneously were small silt dams. These dams played a role in the sand and silt in a certain period of time, and can also control the loss of soil and soil. Most of the small silt dams have been fully capacity, and it has become a ditch dam. "

Under the high temperature of the sun, several farmers in Yaowang Pinggou, Yituan County are busy, and the place names are easily reminiscent of the story of King Yao. Starting from the governance of Yao Yao to the water in ancient times, the bank of the Yellow River was full of human water control.

In the 1970s, this ditch was repaired with several silt dams, and now it has become a ditch dam. The ditch dam is relatively fertile, and it can be said that "drought and flood protection". Several farmers were weeding vineyards. Su Jun was the owner of this orchard. He planted 320 acres of grapes in this ditch 4 years ago. A cold air a month ago, the grape seedlings in the ground were frozen, not very good. For this reason, Su Jun also consulted the experts of the Provincial Institute of Agricultural Sciences. While the temperature rose recently, he hoped that these frozen seedlings would meet the wind to catch up with the solar terms. In another ravine at the back, grape seedlings have been tall.

Water is the basis for survival and development of human civilization. Water management is the eternal theme of human society.

From ancient times to the present, people on the bank of the Yellow River are looking forward to the good life that water brings people. Su Jun arranges farmers to weed more and water. He looks forward to these grape seedlings that can thrive here and fruitful. The silt dam in Yaowang Pinggou belongs to a small dam. According to incomplete statistics, there are 224 small silt dams similar to similar small silt. "These dams have basically reached the accumulation period." Hu Erle said, "After the 1980s, the water conservancy department began to organize the construction of large and medium -sized dams. Among them, the backbone dams reached 79 and 23 medium -sized dams. These large and medium -sized dams. These large and medium -sized dams. It plays a decisive role in controlling soil and soil loss. "At present, the control area of ​​these large and medium -sized dams is 535 square kilometers. During the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" period, there were 37 large and medium -sized dams in the county to build. This year, 25 large and medium -sized dams were planned. After these planned dams were completed, the control area of ​​the soil and soil loss of part of the county will reach about 730 square kilometers. Essence Although these dams are still lower than the national standards, the control of the water and soil loss of partially closed is still visible to the control of the control of the soil and soil loss of Yituan County. "Hu Erle said.

In addition to building a dam to block the floods, for more than 70 years, Yituan County has continued to plant trees and afforestation, so that the soil and soil can be maintained, and the soil and soil loss and the desertification of the land are effectively controlled.

Green trees cover the blue water, and the Yellow River ecology is getting better and better.

For more than 70 years, I have worked hard to plant trees

As the saying goes, ten years of trees, hundred -year -old tree.

This sentence is not applicable. The trees here can not grow half a person tall for ten years, and it is difficult to plant a piece of forest.

When describing the local geological situation, there is a word -fragmented. When walking along the Yellow River 1 tourist road in Iguan County, you will understand that this adjective is not exaggerated and very realistic.

Gao Zhanhu squatted at the cliff and smoked, his eyebrows collapsed, and his face was sad. There are seven or eight people on the stones behind the cliff. Gao Zhanhu is the head of the Tiger Forestry Cooperative of Tiger Tiger Forestry. Since April this year, he has begun greening on the south slope of the Valley of the Yellow River No. 1 Tourism Highway Gallery. The stone slope in front of him still shouted: Difficulty.

The south slope of the gallery valley is almost a gravel slope. Occasionally, the tenacious weeds come out of the stone seam. Looking at it from a distance, the south slope is basically gray and white. It can be said that it is a stone slope that is not raw grass, and it is also a gravel slope. "The mountains are all stones. You can only use artillery and electric drilling pits. One day you can hit twenty or thirty pits. Relying on the back. "Gao Zhanhu said that when watering the tree, it was found that the stone slope crack a lot of gaps. When filling and watering, it is like a bottomless hole, and it is dissatisfied. He and the workers come out every morning at 6 am. After the sun falls, it can go back at eight or nine o'clock. One day is on the mountain. At noon, eat some dry food and drink some water.

When you walk into the south slope, you can see clearly that the stone slopes that are almost unparalleled are already full of oil pine. Just wait for them to live up to expectations. On this cliff, the green mountains are not relaxed. Perseverance.

The terrain of the county is high in the east, from the Yellow River to the east, the mountains are gradually dragging, and when the mountains are rolling, when the mountain village in Xinguan Town, the mountains rose sharply and the slope is 50 degrees. The people of Shenjiacun planted trees on the slope that year, people could only dig the fish scale pit from the bottom of the slope. When digging one and digging the next one, they must first dig a place where they can stand. I am tired, I want to rest, I can only stand, because the slope cannot sit steeply. Under such conditions, the people here have planted 10,000 acres of boutique forest.

In the 1970s, Li Zhirong, then the secretary of the county party committee, shouted the strongest voice in the history of the greening of parties at the county's tree planting. One -level, first -level to look at the first level. "

In fact, as early as Li Zhirong shouted this slogan, the county government had carried out hard explorations in planting trees for more than 30 years. In 1942, the Anti -Japanese Government of Yituan County made a decision to "plant a seedling tree and the household insurance for a forest" to mobilize the old camp, Yaping, Iwadou Temple, Qujiawan, Bangliu tree, Yangjiaying, Yangjiaying, Yangjiaying, The people of Chenjiaying and other villages used more than 100,000 shelter trees on the edge of Hewan. In 1955, the county party committee and county government adopted an afforestation for one acre of 3 yuan, and a 5 -point method for planting trees to promote tree planting.

After 1975, the county carried out a large area of ​​tree planting, and proposed the governance ideas of "Qianchi billion pits and thousands of acres of fields", and also put forward the idea of ​​"the bottom of the ditch and the two slopes to engage in greening". In 1977, the five provinces in North China held a site meeting in partiality to promote the planting of tree planting. This year, the Ministry of Forestry awarded the glorious titles of advanced counties in the forestry construction of Yituan County.

In the 1990s, Wen Fuliang, the secretary of the county party committee of the county party committee at the time, said: "Faced with the burden that has never been before, the difficulties that have never been used to achieve the goal can only be achieved." The pain, wearing a card, eating millet, wearing a large leather jacket, and rushing to the cold of spring. It is one month on the mountain of Nantaozi Village, working during the day, and meeting at night. Everyone advised him to go back and rest. He said: "Leaders must take the lead and make an example. What do I go back to others? Besides, there are many older leaders who are older than me." The county cadres and the masses.

Yang Shengli started planting trees since 1995. At that time, he was 28 years old and was a member of the "World Bank Professional Team" in Yiguan County. The "World Bank Professional Team" refers to the tree planting team under the World Bank Loan Project Office of the Water and Soil Conservation of the Water and Soil Conservation of the World Bank. "Before the project starts, the teacher who does training introduces us. When the partial closure is green, it is to prevent the yellow sand blowing to the capital when it is winding. The property is dangerous, and many people have died before. "These words made Yang Shengli that was both inspiring and worried." At that time, the capital was Beijing, the heart of the motherland, and Beijing could not let us partial. As soon as the wind was windy, I couldn't see the sky. "Yang Shengli did not understand why the Yellow River was hanging the river, but he felt that he had the greatest life and the responsibility of planting trees was great. "At that time, I also said that we had the money from the world bank to buy trees. I asked, so many trees, who bought these trees in the future, spent so much money, we are too poor, and then we can afford it. No? "Yang Shengli, 28, had a lot of problems, but he understood that there was a question that he knew that the tree was good.

Every day, he is stuck out of the sun and rushed home with the moon. One day in 1996, he rode a motorcycle to Lougou Township. "There was a large stall underground, and I couldn't stand on the stood. I squatted on the side of the road and had a car over. The driver saw that I had a car accident." He took Yang Shengli to go to the hospital for examination.

"Since the ancient Guanjia has not called the patient, I told the leader, please leave for two days." But Director Zhang Zhiming was not allowed. He talked to Yang Shengli about himself and fainted in the bath pool, and he didn't dare to ask for leave. "Director Zhang told me at that time," We are challenging life with life ". You can't leave you with a tree, and you can't ask for a day." Yang Shengli went to the hospital at 5 o'clock in the morning to the hospital, and then the infusion was completed to plant trees. The place.

From then on planting trees, Yang Shengli has been planting until now. Opposite the south slope of Gao Zhanhu's greening is the greening project of Yang Shengli's cooperative. "The north slope is a waste sloping slope. Like the gravel slope, the planting tree is very difficult, mainly because the leakage of water." Yang Shengli pointed at the saplings that had been survived, "We ensure that these seedlings under the planting can achieve the survival rate. more than 90 percent."

Before reaching the flood season, the parties or stocks are still fine.

Build the Great Great Wall with wisdom

The parties have the spirit of "relatively strong and not bitterness" in the afforestation. They can grow trees in various environments, and can grow live trees and plant good trees. Because they are not only fighting for trees, but also because there are hundreds of forestry cadres and technicians in Yituan County. They are the core forces of the Titan Forestry Corps, which is indispensable.

For decades, they have traveled every mountain and every ditch that they have been biased. NEOC has graduated from professional schools, and most of them are not highly cultural, but with a persistent spirit, relying on a dedicated spirit, relying on the spirit, relying on the spirit of persistence. With a stubborn perseverance, many problems restricting tree planting for afforestation have been broke.

Under the hot sun, the billed tree people are still working.

Hu Xuewen was a Taiyuan Qingxu. He graduated from Shanxi Public School in 1950 and was assigned to work. At that time, he was only 20 years old. At that time, the Chenjiaying Nursery of the Chenjiaying Prefecture was mainly the willow willow seedlings, but because of the low rainfall and the barren land, the best growth period in the willow tree could not get sufficient nutrients and water. To long -term greening.

In the early spring of 1972, Hu Xuewen came to the Baiyangling State Forest Farm 45 kilometers away from the county seat. He checked a lot of information and learned that there was a dense forest in the Ming Dynasty during the Ming Dynasty, and the idea of ​​planting coniferous forests was generated.

In fact, in 1958 and 1962, he tried to plant oil pine, but all failed. By 1973, Hu Xuewen did not give up, and successively adopted greenhouses and container seedlings, failed again and again, and reunited again and again. Until the spring of 1976, he used the "Snow Tibetan method" to raise seedlings! This is a major breakthrough in the history of Yantuan Yinglin. By 1978, there were more than 6,000 acres of pine pine in the forest farm, and the "Forestry Science and Technology Communications" published the "Experience of the Drought Oils Pine Snow Tibetan Female Seedling" written by him, which attracted great attention from the county party committee and promoted in the county. Due to the implementation of local seedlings and plants on the spot, the survival rate is as high as 95%. Today, the main tree species of the greening of Yituan County are coniferous forests.

For more than 70 years, the parties have continued to break through the afforestation technology, and 19 technologies have received rewards from the state, provinces, and cities.

If you want to be rich and various trees, you must let the mountains hang green if you want to get rid of poverty. With the improvement of afforestation technology, the tree -planting forestry team is also growing and growing. From 4 professional teams in 1995 to more than 80 tree planting professional cooperatives.

Yituan County has increased the income of local poor people by building forestry workers, returning farmland to forestry, and ecological protection. Nowadays, many counties around the counties and outside provinces are willing to find the afforestation team of partially to undertake greening projects.

After several generations of people's efforts, the Guangshan Baldling in Yantuan County has been stamped with layers of green. Data show that at the end of 1977, the greening rate of Yiguan County was less than 3.5%. By 2021, the latest data show that the area of ​​the forest land in the county is 1.2156 million mu, accounting for 48.6%of the total land area of ​​the county, and the greening rate will reach 31.6%. According to the data released by the provincial forestry and Grassland Bureau, the forest coverage of Yituan County reached 7.7%.

When the head closed, beside the Yellow River, under the foot of the Great Wall, the green color of the film was spreading. With that, the dust disappeared, and the sand was gone.

In the Meteorological Bureau of Yantuan County, a reporter from Shanxi Evening News found two sets of data. One group was the average meteorological data from 1981 to 2010, and the other was the average meteorological data from 1991 to 2020. In the records from 1981 to 2010, the number of winds of the year of the county of Yigoguan County was 39 days/year (strong wind refers to the instantaneous wind speed or more than 17.0 meters/s, or the visual estimation of wind power reached or more than 8 winds), the number of dates of the dungea and storm day 10 days/year; from 1991 to 2020, the annual wind number is 42 days/year, and the number of days of the dungea is 1 day/year -the number of winds of the partial pass has increased, but the number of days of sand and dust has greatly reduced.

In the spring of 2022, in the afforestation of tree planting, Yituan County was built with the construction of the Yellow River No. 1 and Great Wall No. 1 Tourism Highway Ecological Corridor as the axis. The road is in the forest, and people are in the scene; they choose to plant the flowers and fruit trees that are suitable for local growth tree species to increase farmers to increase their income and get rich; combine ecological construction with cultural tourism, leisure and recuperation, farmers' income, and rural revitalization.

Ecological prosperity is civilized.

Today, tourists, walking along the Yellow River and Great Wall, drove into the partial pass, watching the blue rivers rippling, and looking at the Great Wall's green and winding.

Director: Zhang Xiaomian

Produced: Xie Yan

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