On the land of China, more and more irrigation engineering heritage survives

It was sunny after the rain, and the mist surrounded. On June 14th, the Zihuo field in Xinhua County, Hunan Province was soaked in water, like a piece of mirror, reflecting busy figures.

Feng Yuhui, a villager in Zihuangjie Village, Waterwheel Town, rushed to the terraces early in the morning and was busy with rice. Feng Yuhui's ancestors were cultivating here. He told reporters that the Ziyu -boundsi terraces are self -flow irrigation projects. There is no need to dig the mountain ponds and build a reservoir, and the flowing water is endless. Relying on the design of the clever work, the Ziyujie terraces are included in the world's irrigation engineering heritage list.

Irrigation is of great significance to the development of human civilization. Since 2014, the International irrigation drainage committee has begun to select irrigation engineering heritage worldwide. China is an ancient country of irrigation and civilization. It is the country with the richest, most wide distribution, and most prominent irrigation efficiency in irrigation engineering heritage. At present, there are 26 Chinese projects on the World Heritage List of World irrigation engineering.

June 11 this year is China's "Cultural and Natural Heritage Day". Recently, people approached irrigation engineering heritage, listened to irrigation stories, and felt irrigation cultural charm.

Fusion of nature and engineering-

"The wisdom of the ancients is amazing"

The heritage of the world irrigation engineering condenses the wisdom of the ancients and flashes the light of civilization. A large amount of irrigation projects have undergone the test of history and did not become the ruins in the western wind disability. Instead, they continued to storage and dry, moisturizing the earth, and became a model of integration of nature and engineering.

Barefoot, bending over and inserting seedlings ... In the layered terraced fields, Feng Yuhui repeated the ancestors' movements. The water in this terraced field has flowed for more than 2,000 years. According to research, the terrace of the Zihuang boundary originated from the pre -Qin Dynasty, and it was flourished in Song and Ming. It is a milestone for irrigation agricultural development in many ethnic groups in central Hunan.

The terraces are distributed between the foothills of 500-1200 meters above sea level, with a total area of ​​6,416 hectares, with a total of more than 500 levels. There are no mountain ponds or reservoirs in the terraces. With the unique base rock crack pore water sources, pure natural self -current irrigation projects are constructed. The terraces of Manshan are connected by countless irrigation water networks. Each terraced field is both a reservoir and a soil -keeping bed. It not only guarantees rice irrigation, but also prevents and treats soil loss.

"Zihuangjie Terrace is built on the mountains, small as a plate, large aspot, long as a belt, bending like the moon, different forms, and changes, like Yaochi in the sky, fairyland on earth." In the description of the terrace of the Zihuo world.

Today's Ziyujie terraces still raise 16 villages and more than 10,000 villagers, and they still retain traditional production and lifestyle. "The terraces are floods and are resistant to drought. The wisdom of the ancients is amazing." Feng Yuhui said.

However, after all, the traditional planting method is low, farmers' enthusiasm is affected, and some fields are deserted. In order to keep the field for the villagers and keep the scene for tourists, since 2016, Xinhua County has given subsidies to the grain breeders. Waterwheel Town guides farmers to establish cooperatives and farms. The government, enterprises, and planting households cooperate with each other, win -win development, and reverse the situation of planting land losses.

Feng Yuhui responded to the call and launching young people in the village and the elderly with labor capabilities to set up cooperatives. After planting the terraced field, big, and beautiful, the tourism in the purple world has developed. Feng Yuhui said that the Zihuo Realm used to be a poor ravine, and now it is already a 4A -level scenic spot.

The theme event of the "Culture and Natural Heritage Day" of Hunan Province this year was held in Xinhua County. Researchers at Zhongnan Forestry University of Forestry Science and Technology gave a lecture on the protection of the Ziyujie terraces, and the theme activities were broadcast live online.

The Ziyu -boundsi terraced field is hailed by international water conservancy experts as "a miracle of world water conservancy irrigation project". In addition to 1,000 kilometers, another world irrigation project miracle also perfectly integrates nature and engineering.

The rolling river water rolled all the way and roared all the way, roaring, and rushed out of the mountains. However, when he hit the middle, he accepted his feet sharply, pushed into the Chengdu Plain in a tamer, and went towards Woko Liangtian. The mana that "conquered" was Dujiangyan.

Dujiangyan canal head hub project is located in Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province. Tourists entered the Dujiangyan Scenic Area, looking around and found that they were neither see the dam nor the wide surface. The famous Dujiangyan was a "low -key". This is exactly the greatness of Dujiangyan. It is the longest -lasting dam and water -free water -free irrigation project in the world today.

Dujiangyan was founded during the Warring States Period. In 256 BC, Shu County defended Li Bing to build the Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project. By building a fish mouth and excavating the Pokémon mouth, the Minjiang River was introduced into the gardening area for flood prevention, shipping and irrigation, so that the Chengdu Plain was "Ze State", "Red Pen" It becomes the "Kingdom of Tianfu", which has become Wo Yeqianli. In 662 AD, Feisha Weir was completed, marking the layout of the three main projects of the Dujiangyan canal. During the Tang and Song dynasties, the irrigation area of ​​Dujiangyan gradually expanded. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project has been transformed on a large scale, and the irrigation area has grown to 10.65 million mu of 38 counties in 7 cities.

The scientific nature of the Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project is called by the world. "Deep Tao Beach, low as weir", "divided into four or six, flat and drought", "driving the potential, because it is adapt to the time" ... These concepts of water treatment inherited from the past are unremitting to the predecessors, even if it is placed today, it is extremely Value.

After more than 2000 years of hard work, the huge benefits of Dujiangyan have continued to this day. In recent years, the Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Engineering System has continuously improved, and this ancient irrigation project heritage has become increasingly young.

In the hinterland of the Sichuan Basin, the hills of the watersheds on both sides of the Minjiang River and the Minjiang River, the terrain is like the back of the fish, and the water cannot be left, becoming a famous "Sichuan dry area". "See, the water is here!" On July 6, 2021, in Lezhi County, Sichuan Province, Wang Longying, 87, stood beside the "Tianhe" with a cane, excited. Above his head, the water of the river flows slowly. On the same day, the first phase of the water supply of the Water supply was to "quench thirst" for nearly 2.25 million people in Central Sichuan. The Pihe is one of the dry canals of Dujiangyan. The Water Supplying Project of Pili is an important part of the Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project. Today, a 150 -kilometer -long artificial river rushes in the Sichuan and flows parallel with the Minjiang River. Part of the grooves across the city and were called "Tianhe" by the people. At present, the second phase of the Water Supply for Water supply is accelerating.

The world's irrigation engineering heritage carries thousands of years of civilization and wisdom, benefits one side, and has been later generations. Tongjiyan, located in Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, has a history of 1500 years. So far, the Bihu Plain has been irrigated, making it an important grain -producing area in southwestern Zhejiang; Zheng Guoqu, Located in Liyang County, Shaanxi Province, after changing, it still nourish Guanzhong Plain 145 145 Thousand acres of farmland ...

Coordinating protection and utilization--

"The ancient village in memory is back again"

In recent years, the localities of all localities have been made in the protection and utilization of irrigation engineering heritage, so that irrigation engineering heritage has bloomed in the new era.

Ganggang, ancient and unique water conservancy project in Taihu Lake. In 2500, the ancestors rejected the Pugang on the beach of Taihu Lake, built a canal, and built a paddy field. Overlooking from the air, the Ganggang Water Network looks like a chessboard. Langang is the great creation of ancient labor people in Taihu Lake Basin. It conforms to nature, two -way quotes, and water to attack sand, let the beach coat fertile soil, and create a prosperous scenery of "fish rice town, water network, green and green mulberry on both sides of the strait".

Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province is the only region that is fully preserved. It is located in Yicheng Village, Wuxing District, Huzhou City, located in Taihu Lake. It is located in an important node of the Pugang system.

In the early morning of the summer, Hu Gen, a 79 -year -old villager, began to pace along the river. The blue sky and green water, pink walls, and mottled ancient bridges. Each scenery can evoke the memories of the elderly. Hu Gencai told reporters that the "pearl" of Yichen Village has also experienced a dull period. "Many monuments have been destroyed, and the river in the village once became a stinky ditch ..." Hu Gencai said, "8 years ago, the ancient village in memory came back again."

In 2014, Yichen Village was included in the traditional Chinese village list and key villages in the protection and utilization of historical and cultural villages in Zhejiang Province, and ancient bridges, ancient roads, and ancient houses were repaired. In November 2016, Taihu Laogang was selected into the World Irrigation Engineering Heritage List.

Today, Langang Protection has special regulations. Starting on June 20, the "Regulations on the Protection of the Heritage Project Heritage Heritage Heritage Heritage Heritage of Taihu City in Huzhou City" (hereinafter referred to as the "Regulations") was implemented. The "Regulations" proposes that "occupation, landfilling, blocking, excavation, dug Pantang, Hengtang, Huyang" shall not be "built in the core reserves," residential, commercial houses, office houses, and factory buildings in the core reserve. "

Talking about this "Regulations", Hu Gen was coming, and his speed became faster. He said that during the formulation of the "Regulations", "I also solicited my opinions! As long as it is a matter of protecting Laogang, our villagers are supported."

The villagers in Yichen Village understand that guardianship of Pangang is to protect their beautiful life. Every holiday, the ancient houses everywhere are lively. "People in the surrounding cities come to Yicheng Village as soon as they have time. Sitting by the river, seeing the scenery of the ancient villages, drinking tea, and singing, it is very comfortable." Hu Gencai said. Nowadays, the villagers are looking forward to the repairs and protection of Pangang and other places such as Wuhu Academy, retain the water veins and retain their nostalgia.

On the Chinese land, more and more irrigation engineering heritage survives and beautiful.

Summer, Lingqu, located in Xing'an County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, is lined with green trees and rippling. Several cruise ships gently crossed the water, passed through the stone bridge, and drove to the distance. With a history of more than 2000 years of history, the shipping was stopped. In recent years, after a series of efforts, Lingqu has been resumed, and the millennium monuments have ushered in recovery.

The beginning of Lingqu was built in 214 BC. It connects the source of the Xiangjiang and Lijiang River. It is a cross -basin water conservancy project that communicates the Yangtze River Basin and the Pearl River Basin. It also has water transportation and irrigation benefits. It is one of the most famous water conservancy projects in ancient China.

However, the years and the stars have been changed. Since the opening of the Hunan -Guizhou Railway in the 1940s, the transportation function of Lingqu has gradually weakened. By the 1960s, Lingqu Shipping completely stopped.

In the 21st century, after a detailed investigation, water conservancy experts should be proposed that Lingqu should be "alive" again. After repair and rectification, in January 2018, Lingqu officially resumed. In the same year, Lingqu was selected into the World Irrigation Engineering Heritage List.

The successful application of the World Irrigation Engineering Heritage has made the Lingqu Protection Station on a new starting point. In March of this year, the Lingqu Dilite Project was completed as scheduled, optimizing and improving the Lingqu water environment. Sanli Bridge, which has a history of more than 500 years, spans the spirit canal. Recently, a local collapse of the bridge deck has occurred. Xing'an County has timely organized cultural security experts and bridge experts to investigate on -site to properly repair the collapse.

The development and utilization of world irrigation engineering heritage is based on protection. In 2018, the Central Document No. 1 clearly proposed to protect the irrigation engineering heritage. In 2022, the Central Document No. 1 proposed to promote the protection and utilization of intangible cultural heritage and important agricultural cultural heritage.

Positive water veins and text pulse-

"Let traditional culture be inherited"

The heritage of irrigation engineering not only poured out a bumper harvest, but also poured a splendid culture. June 3rd, Dragon Boat Festival. In Sangyuan, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, a dragon boat race kicked off. The helmsman controls the direction, the drummer commands the rhythm, and strives to shake the paddle ... The mulberry garden surrounding the water network is densely set, providing excellent conditions for the Dragon Boat Race, and breeding special cultural activities such as the dragon boat race. Guan Rui, a 51 -year -old dragon boat member, often watched the dragon boat race with his parents when he was a child. "I changed from the audience of the year to today's player. This is my dragon boat affection. We want to inherit traditional culture." Guan Rui said.

Mulberry garden is named after planting large mulberry trees. In 2020, Sangyuan was selected into the World Irrigation Engineering Heritage List. The Lingnan Water Conservancy Project with a history of more than 900 years stood under the global conservation light and tell the world about its story.

Sangyuan surrounding the Huizong period of the Northern Song Dynasty was surrounded by the Beijiang and Xijiang embankments. The total length of the embankment was 64.84 kilometers. The area of ​​the surrounding land was 265.4 square kilometers. It was the largest base surround water conservancy project in ancient China. Locals through the embankment, river surge, and sinus gate irrigation, the depression and river beaches are developed, fish farming can be transformed, and mulberry silkworms are planted by ponds. In this way, silkworm sand feeds fish, ponds and fat mulberries, forming a benign ecological cycle. The construction of Sangyuan Siege Water Conservancy Project opened the history of large -scale surrounding farming development in the Pearl River Delta region.

Ascend to Xiqiao Mountain in Nanhai District, Foshan City, and look at it, you can see the magnificent pictures of Sangyuan Weiye: centered on Xiqiao Mountain, one north and north of the Xijiang and Beijiang, wrapped in a piece of olive -shaped olive -shaped in the village house, and the village houses are scattered. Zone, this is the core area of ​​Sangyuanwei. A series of cultures such as Dragon Boat Culture, Wake -Lion Culture, and Academy Culture are developing here.

Sangyuan surrounding dragons prevailed in the Qing Dynasty. There are many large sluices in the surround of Sangyuan. On the day of the dragon boat race, the sluice area became a lively viewing table. Before the start of the game, players from various places moored the dragon boat on the bank of the river embankment not far from the gate. At the beginning of the competition, the group "Dragon" competed, fighting for the first time to come to the gate, forming a spectacular scene of thousands of "dragons" racing.

Recently, Nanhai District released the sulfur surrounding pulse planning, involving 58 kilometers of water veins and a planned area of ​​16.29 square kilometers. According to the plan, the surrounding water veins of Sangyuan will realize the integration of ecology and humanities, and become the green veins of ecological civilization and the context of Lingnan culture inheritance and innovation.

Irrigation projects are accompanied by culture, and specialty irrigation projects have bred a characteristic culture.

The dam of thousands of miles of water, Longfun 10,000 hectares. Longshou Qu Guogu irrigation district is located in Weinan City, Shaanxi Province. It is located in the lower reaches of the Beiluo River in the Yellow River and the Weiluo River in the Qindong Plain. It is one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization. In 120 BC, Emperor Hanwu adopted Linjin County Shouzhuang Xiongyu suggestion and ordered the construction of the dragon head.

The dragon culture and Han culture of the dragon's canal introduced the Luo Gu irrigation district were reflected. Around the dragon head dam, "Longtong, Longdong, Longwang Temple and other" Longtong "can be seen everywhere; Longquan, Longpan, Longchi, Longqu and other villages are spread all over the irrigation district. Along the canal, villages and sites such as Wudi Temple, Handi Village, Xihan Village, East Han Village, Zhonghan Village and other villages and sites tell the vicissitudes of more than 2,000 years.

The Lushe Irrigation District is located in the northwestern part of Jiangxi Province. The irrigation district project was built during the Tang Dynasty and the years. Wu Shitan and Xiangyu were built during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Today's Wahe River irrigation district has 336,000 mu of farmland and benefits 260,000 people. It is an important granary in northwestern Jiangxi.

In order to tap the excellent water conservancy cultural heritage, the Shuhe Engineering Management Bureau has built the Wushitan Cultural Park, and also built the Cultural Exhibition Hall of the Shuhe Irrigation District in Xianghua. Entering the Cultural Exhibition Hall of the Huahe Irrigation District, I saw a thousand -year victory in one place. The theme of the exhibition hall was based on the theme of "Millennium Gats". Connotation shows a thousand -year -old irrigation district with a long history and inheritance. (Reporter Pan Xutao)

Original title: There are 26 world irrigation engineering heritage in China.

"People's Daily Overseas Edition" (07th version of June 23, 2022)

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