[Focus] A major breakthrough in the study of "from fish to people"!Qu Jingshi Published 3 papers in "Nature" at the same time in "Nature"

Recently, Academician Zhu Min team of the Institute of Ancient vertebrates and the Institute of Ancient Human Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences has made major breakthroughs in the study of "human exploration, tracing the ancestors", and at 23:00 on September 28, Beijing time, in "Nature" ("Nature") Published 4 papers, published at the same period on September 29 at 7 o'clock on the cover article, reported on Zhi Li Ji "Chongqing Special Buried Fossil Library" and "Guizhou Shiji Fossil Realcines", tracing many human anatomy structures 440 million years ago 440 million years ago The ancient fish filled the key links in the history of the evolution of "from fish to people", refreshing the traditional cognition of the origin and rise of jaw vertebrates, and further consolidating the evolution path of "from fish to people".

Among the four papers, two teachers of Qujing Normal University -Andreev and Li Qiang are the first authors of the two papers. Among the two other two articles, Li Qiang of Qujing Normal University is the second author and the first author of the common first author. The author of the 4 papers is Academician Zhu Min of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Ancient Human Research. Academician Zhu Min has been hired as the director of the Natural History and Cultural Research Center of Qujing Normal University since 2018.

4篇论文分别是：The oldest gnathostome teeth（最古老有颌类牙齿），Spiny chondrichthyan from the lower Silurian of South China（华南志留纪早期多棘刺软骨鱼），Galeaspid anatomy and origin of vertebrate paired appendages（盔甲The origin of fish anatomy and vertebrates, The OldEST Complete Jawrtebrates from the Early Silurian of China (the oldest and complete mandibular vertebrate).

These 4 papers show the research results of the double -column Guizhou tooth fish -the oldest jaw teeth; about the research results of the close relatives of sharks in Shinjin Fan Jingshan fish -4.39 billion years ago; —— Reveal the research results of the origin of the fish of the puppets; the earliest preserved cartilage fish, the earliest preserved cartilage fish, and the miracle -miracle -miracle -owned shield fish combination.

Two teachers of Qujing Normal University, Andreev and Li Qiang, are the first authors about the two research results of the double -column Guizhou tooth fish and Xintang Fan Jingyama fish. Li Qiang, the first author of the Qujing Teachers College, is the research results of Shen's spiny fish and miracles.

Jaw

According to reports, 99.8%of the existing vertebrates are jaw. The origin of jaws is one of the biggest and most influential jumped jumped in the history of vertebrate evolution. The emergence of jaw greatly increases the feeding and breathing capabilities of vertebrates, enabling vertebrates to expand to various habitats and ecological positions, and eventually evolved out Human itself. The main body configuration and important organs of human beings can be traced back to the beginning of jaw evolution. Therefore, the origin and rise of jaws are one of the key links in the study of human exploration sources, and fossil evidence plays the main role in it. However, between the origin time of mandibular origin and the preserved mandibular records of mandibular fossils preserved in the molecular biology. Continuous controversy.

In the past ten years, Academician Zhu Min's team has taken the responsibility of "exploring unknown and revealing the origin", facing the forefront of the world technology, and through the persistent wild geological survey, in Chongqing, Guizhou, Hunan and other places. Breakthrough fills the above blank, brings dawn for answering the origin of jaw origin, the earliest differentiation of jaw, and the evolution of important human organs and body configuration evolution.

Peng Lijian, a scientific research assistant at Qujing Normal University Qujing Ancient Fish Kingdom Museum: Our team can go back to September 2019 in Chongqing, and conducted a week of scientific research in the Sichuan River Gaishan Scenic Spot, Xiushan County, Chongqing, but nothing was obtained. In order to alleviate everyone's emotions, Teacher Li Qiang and I were on the side while exploring. He kicked me into the ditch. In terms of experience, there is a possibility of fish fossils in this mud rock, so we knocked on it with a mentality of trying, and found that the first ancient fish found in Chongqing called the pocket town fish in Chongqing.

"Nature" magazine published 4 kinds of anticipated ancient fish mentioned in 4 papers online. The three ancient fish fossils of Shen's spiny fish, miracle show, and smart native fish are the foundation found this time It was found in a long -term large -scale scientific research work.

Gebu: Zhi Li Ji has a new discovery of jaw fossils

The team first found a large number of mandibular micro -fossils in the "Guizhou Shiji Fossil Library" in the red floor of the South China Red Floor 439 million years ago. Among them Fossil evidence was pushed for 14 million years before. The FanjingShania Renovata shows that as early as the early or earliest period of Terramoviri Elon, the cartilage fish dry group has evolved into a typical grid spine fish form, and at the same time Historical tangible characteristics of hard bone fish. The above progress also allowed the debate dust of Optotia, Zhiqi fish scales and spiny fossils to settle down. In 2020, the team discovered the only buried fossil library in the world in the red floor of the Chongqing Xiushan in Chongqing Shixi Mountain 436 million years ago. The preservation is very complete, the head, body association, and the structure of the body, fin, tail and other structures of the body behind the body are completely preserved, so that we can glimpse the full picture of Landovic vertebrates, especially jaws. Among them, research on Tujiaaspis Vividus shows that the continuous fin folds of the turtle turtles have a pair of continuous fin folds, which represents the prototype of the idiot or human limbs. The shenacanthus vermiformis is the earliest and well -preserved cartilage fish found in the world. It has confirmed the evolution of cartilage fish from the ancestors of "helmets and armor". Xiushanosteus Mirabilis combines the characteristics of multiple shield -skinned fish categories, providing precious information for the origin of the roots of mandibular life.

Knowing and looking forward

The latest breakthroughs in the research of "from fish to people" — "Chongqing Special Buried Fossil Library" and "Guizhou Shiji Fossil Library" discovery in the history of paleontology showed the Zhili Ji fish group, especially the jaw The appearance reveals the process of rising in the early days: 440 million years ago, the major groups of mandibular categories have been prosperous in South China; It appeared and began to spread to the world, opened fish landing and eventually evolved into human processes. The research on the research on the research on the "Chongqing Special Buried Fossil Library" and "Guizhou Shiji Fossil Real Estate" dates many anatomical structures related to human beings back to ancient fish 440 million years ago, filling the history of "from fish to human" evolution. In the initial link of the lack, the traditional cognition of the origin and rise of jaws was updated, and it further consolidated the evolution path of "from fish to people". It is foreseeable that the "Chongqing Special Buried Fossil Real Estate" and "Guizhou Shiji Fossil Library" will continue to make continuous contributions to solve the mysteries around the origin of jaw.

Li Qiang, deputy dean of the School of Biological Resources and Food Engineering of Qujing Teachers College: Chongqing, Guizhou (fossil) materials and Qu Jing's (fossil) materials are complementary. The origin of the origin has been advanced for 14 million years, and what is the appearance of the original form of cartilage fish, what is the characteristics of shield -leather fish transformation to cartilage fish, and at the same time, it has laid the shield fish fish. The following (several) common types also originated in China, making up for the fossil records of the previously associated (preserved) cartilage fish retaining and muddy discipline.

"Nature" cover tooth and maxillary: Zhili Ji Fossil layer reveals the rise and diversity of jaw vertebrates. Cover map: production

The cover is the newly discovered three -dimensional rehabilitation of the newly discovered ancient fish. From top to bottom, the shenacanthus vermiformis, FanjingShania Renovata, and Shuanglie Qianzhou Guizhou Qianodus duplicis, Tujiaaspis Vividus, and Xiushanosteus Mirabilis. These fish fossils were found in two well -preserved fossils in southern China, and the times were 436 million years ago and 439 million years ago. Zhu Min and his colleagues reported in the four papers in this issue that they were amazingly found in these two fossils. These particularly buried fish fossils enable researchers to find the keys to unlock the mystery of the early evolution and differentiation of jaw vertebrates. Among them, the oldest teeth are currently known, it comes from a newly discovered jawbetal animal called Qianya Fish, which is a close relative of shark. All these discoveries depict a new picture of jawfish evolved in the early days of Zhili.

Three -dimensional recovery of Qianodus Duplicis. Production

Three -dimensional recovery of Qianodus Duplicis. Production

Three -dimensional recovery of Qianodus Duplicis. Production

Three -dimensional recovery of FanjingShania Renovata. Production

Three -dimensional recovery of FanjingShania Renovata. Production

Three -dimensional recovery of Tujiaaspis Vividus.Three -dimensional recovery of Tujiaaspis Vividus, the production of mission stone technology.Production

3D recovery of shenacanthus vermiformis.Production

3D recovery of shenacanthus vermiformis.Production

Three -dimensional recovery of Xiushanosteus Mirabilis.Production

Three -dimensional recovery of Xiushanosteus Mirabilis.Production

Written article: Zhang Yaling Lei Pu Landan

Data: Propaganda Department of Qujing Municipal Party Committee

Informationman: Miao Ran

Edit: Guo Wanting

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