The habit of "drinking water" was related to this national movement set off 70 years ago | Share before bedtime

This year marks the 70th anniversary of patriotism. As "our party uses the mass line for the great creation and successful practice of hygiene and disease prevention", the patriotic health movement is the longest mass movement in our party history. It is not only praised by the international community, but also fully reflects my country in China The distinctive characteristics of sanitary work.

"The knights that appear when needed" "

The origin of the patriotic health movement can be traced back to the period of anti -US aid.

In 1952, the Korean War was stuck. On January 28, the volunteer soldiers found abnormal phenomena at the station: a large number of flies, fleas and insects similar to spiders were scattered on the snow. Among them, many of them have cholera and plagorus. This is the earliest record of the U.S. military using bacterial weapons on the Korean battlefield.

Soon, the U.S. military expanded the scope of bacterial wars to the northeast and even coastal areas, including Antong, Linjiang, Qingdao and other places.

In response to the bacterial wars implemented by the U.S. military, Zhou Enlai issued a statement as the Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of Government Affairs, calling on "the world who loves peace in the world to take action to stop the crazy evil behavior of the US government."

Domestic democratic parties, people's groups and well -known scholars have also moved quickly and made a discussion. The philosopher Tang wrote: "Science and technology in the hands of imperialists can not only seek benefits for humans, but on the contrary, it has become a tool for killing humans."

From March to August of the same year, the governments of the DPRK and China have been investigated twice, which strongly countered the US authorities' denial of the launch of bacterial warfare. Among them, the report of the International Science Committee of the Bacterial War in North Korea and China is the most detailed and the most impact.

This committee was established under the auspices of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and Chairman of the World Peace Council, Jorio Juri, and composed of scientists from Sweden, Britain, Brazil and other countries. After a large number of investigations and evidence, the committee finally formed a 669 page, with a large number of documents, photos and charts in the appendix.

The report associates the American bacterial warfare with the Japanese bacterial warfare that year, and the solemn judgment: the people in North Korea and Northeast China have indeed become the target of the attack of bacterial weapons; Some methods seem to develop the method used by the Japanese army during the Second World War.

The main writer of this report is Lee Joseph. At this time, he enjoys a high reputation in the international biochemical field and has long been a member of the Royal Society of Britain. After returning to China, Li Joseph said in an interview with British reporters: "We are not judges or lawyers there, but experts who should make authoritative conclusions, and we have done this."

For the "Staff" Qian Sanqiang who assisted in the report, Li Joseph gave a high evaluation, praising it as "the knights who appeared in Beijing, Shenyang and North Korea in 1952".

"Eight Pure", "Five Destroyers", "One Capture" "

While protesting, complaints, and revealing the US military behavior, anti -bacterial war -proof prevention work also launched simultaneously.

On March 1, 1952, the Volunteer Army established the General Epidemic Prevention Committee with Deputy Commander Deng Huawei. Leaders conducted health knowledge education, cleaning, vaccination, etc.

At that time, each of the warriors had a "preventive injection certificate" in the hands of the warrior, which was used to record the vaccination situation, and printed a detailed personal hygiene treaty of anti -bacterial warfare, including "I or comrades are sick, regardless of whether the weight is reported" "I will report it immediately" "I will report it immediately" "I will report it immediately" "I will report it immediately" The masks should be cleaned, often scalded, do not borrow, do not wear it, "and" I promise to do the bowls, chopsticks and hand -washing "before meals.

my country's domestic epidemic prevention work began in mid -March. On the 14th, the Government Affairs Council held a meeting and decided to establish the Central Epidemic Prevention Committee. Five days later, Zhou Enlai issued instructions in the name of the Director of the Central Epidemic Prevention Committee. According to the geographical location, it was divided into an emergency epidemic prevention area, epidemic prevention surveillance area and preparation zone. The people's governments at all levels were required to establish the epidemic prevention committee and mobilize the masses to establish an epidemic prevention convention.

As a result, an epidemic prevention and hygiene campaign with the elimination of diseases and beasts began to be carried out across the country. This "patriotic sanitation movement" promoted the transformation of health and epidemic prevention from personal behavior to defending the country's actions, which greatly inspired the people's family feelings and participation in enthusiasm.

According to incomplete statistics, in just a few months, only Shandong, Beijing, Tianjin, Chongqing, the number of participating in environmental sanitation was more than 1,400 million; in Jilin, 50%to 60%of farmers can regularly carry out environmental sanitation cleaning. Essence

The people also further put forward "eight nets" (children, body, indoor, yard, streets, kitchen, toilets, livestock rings are clean), "five destruction" (fly, mosquito, lice, flea, insects), "One)," One) Requirements for catching "(rats).

In Shanghai, six measures have been adopted, including strengthening vaccination and seaport quarantine, as well as the city's clean and disinfection team jointly formed by fire, cleaning and sanitary disinfection stations. The people in the city responded positively, and a large number of advanced areas and units emerged. Among them, the North Citizen Village and the former Lao Zha area of ​​Xuhui District were rated as sanitary models such as national B and C.

As of the end of 1952, the patriotic health movement achieved remarkable results. For example, more than 280,000 kilometers of ditch canal, more than 1.3 million new wells were built and improved.

In this regard, the international community has such a evaluation: "Today is a great movement in China to promote the hygiene of individuals and society. This movement is supported by 50,000 people. I have never had it before ... This movement has happened, which has reduced the mortality and incidence caused by infectious diseases. "In December 1952, the second National Health Conference opened in Beijing. The meeting summarized the experience of the nation's health campaign in 1952, and established the "combination of health work and mass movement" as one of the new China health work policies.

Mao Zedong also inscribed the conference: "Mobilize, pay attention to hygiene, reduce diseases, improve the level of health, and crush the enemy's bacterial war."

"Turn to" frequent sanitary work "" "

At the end of 1952, the Government Affairs Council issued instructions to rename the Patriotic Health Sports Commission at all levels, and directly led by the people's governments of all levels.

In 1956, the patriotic health movement was incorporated into the national long -term development plan, and began to transform from a "assault movement" to "regular health work." With this call, the work of "removing four harms" is launched in a timely manner.

Regarding the original intention of "removing four harms", Li Dequan, then Minister of Health: In the most serious diseases that endanger people's health, many are transmitted by mice, flies and mosquitoes. To eliminate sparrows to protect crops. Since then, due to the role of sparrows in controlling garden pests, its "four harms" identity has been replaced by bugs.

1958 was the most interested year for "removing four harms". At the beginning of the year, Mao Zedong came to Hangzhou Xiaoying Lane, Zhejiang to inspect and praised the health work here. In 2003, in order to fight against the "SARS" epidemic, the Camp Lane launched the "5803 Anti -SARS and Cleaning Homeland" health project. The naming method of two historical years integrates the historical heritage of the patriotic health movement. In 2017, the nation's first patriotic sanitary motion museum was also unveiled here.

With the continuous deepening of the patriotic sanitation movement, several infectious diseases that seriously endanger the people of the people have been severely controlled.

Hematopiabilia is widely popular in my country's Yangtze River Basin and south of its regions, with more than 10 million patients. In 1958, Mao Zedong saw reports that Jiangxi Yujiang took the lead in destroying the blood -absorbing insects, and readily wrote "The Seven Laws and Sending the Plague God". In the poem, the strong contrast between "green water and green mountains, Hua Yan helpless little insects" and "borrowing the plague how to go, paper boats are burning in the sky", vividly described the positive achievements of the patriotic health movement.

At the time of creation, Mao Zedong also wrote a post -book, summarizing the "party organization, scientists, the people, the people, and the people," summarized it to the key to successfully sending away the "Plague God".

"Drive to change living habits"

The extensive development of the patriotic health movement has also led to the change of the living environment and the living habits of the people.

Before the liberation of Shanghai, the Yokohama River area was a place where it was smelly and mosquito flies. In 1953, more than 3,000 cadres and the masses organized the 5 -kilometer "garbage river" in Hongkou District.

According to records, during the patriotic sanitation campaign of this year, the city of Shanghai filled a total of more than 1,400 sewage grooves and more than 6,000 dredging ditches.

In the early 1960s, the management of human and animal feces was initially effective. Most areas across the country have basically achieved toilets, livestocks, and poultry nests. Many areas have begun to use mud sealing and composting, high temperature fermentation and other methods, which are harmless to feces. The general public has initially developed the habit of managing feces and garbage, and the phenomenon of drowning and turning the toilet is greatly reduced.

In the change of living habits brought about by the patriotic sanitary movement, the most interesting thing may be "drinking water".

Before the founding of New China, farmers were more common to drink raw water. American writer Gram Baker recorded in "Wars China" that he had seen a Sichuan husband and wife who made a living by cutting firewood, and only was willing to boil the raw water during the Spring Festival.

In the 1950s, under the leadership of the patriotic health movement, factories, agencies, schools, and rural canteens across the country began to supply free boiling water for free, and the concept of modern health was gradually established. This can be proven by the popularity of the hot water bottle -at the time, the urban and rural youth in my country often used the hot water bottle as a dowry or congratulatory gift; the production unit recognized the model workers, and the hot water bottle would also be used as a prize.

In addition to "drinking water", many common habits and concepts today, including brushing their teeth in the morning and evening, washing hands before meals, etc. It can be said that they have been popularized to millions of households through patriotic sanitation.

In short, the patriotic health movement effectively transforms my country's political advantages and cultural advantages into the benefits of the people, and achieves higher health performance at a lower cost, creating a "Chinese miracle" in the field of health and health.

Liberation Daily · Shangguan News Original manuscript, reprinting without permission

Author: Sun Yue, China Institute of Chinese Marxism, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences

The Office of Shanghai Patriotic Health Sports Committee Lezhi Spring

WeChat Editor: Ta Ni

School pair: CP huisong

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