Rabies, how to effectively prevent this ancient animal epidemic?| World Rabies Disease Day

September 28th is the 16th "World Rabies Disease Day". This year's theme is "practicing a health and eliminating rabies." The concept of "a health" is the harmony and health of the three parties of the environment, humans, and animals.

"Make rabies a history"

How old is rabies? Since the ancient Greek period, rabies have been recorded as a "illness". With the deeper understanding of rabies and the emergence of medical technology, safe and effective rabies vaccine, rabies are already a completely preventable disease today. But the problem is that many people still do not understand how to properly prevent rabies, so rabies are still a serious public health problem.

Rabies is a kind of human and beast suffering from acute infectious diseases. Once an attack, the mortality rate is close to 100%. According to data released by the World Health Organization, rabies are still killed by rabies worldwide every year, and one person dies from rabies every 9 minutes, and 99%of them are infections caused by dog ​​bite.

To improve the understanding of rabies prevention, to inoculate vaccines, control and prevent rabies from the source, and strengthen rabies after the exposure of rabies in popular areas. It is the most effective rabies prevention measures at the moment and the consensus of global prevention of rabies.

In 2015, the World Health Organization, the World Animal Health Organization, the Global Rabies Control Alliance, and the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization jointly formulated the global strategic plan of "Global Global Bullette Rabies Disposal", calling on the world to take action and "let rabies disease disease disease disease Become history. "

Civilized dogs are the source of prevention and control

At present, there are about 80 million to 100 million dogs in my country. There are phenomena of free -range, non -registered, incompetent, and dismissal, especially in rural areas. Animal transmission and animal injury are prone to occur.

According to statistical information released by the official website of the China Disease Prevention and Control Center, 95%of domestic rabies are caused by diseased dogs. Grabbing, biting, and even only mucous membrane contact and licking, they may be infected with rabies virus. Studies from the World Health Organization show that a region reaches more than 70%of dog immune coverage rates, which can establish an effective immune barrier to prevent rabies from spreading and spreading rabies virus.

In 2021, the Chinese Civil Code was promulgated and newly revised the "Animal Epidemic Prevention Law of the People's Republic of China". The breeding dogs should only be regularly vaccinated with rabies vaccine to apply for registration. The card is tied with dog rope, etc., to prevent dogs from being injured and epidemic, and the breeding dogs need to be responsible for damage to others.

Pay attention to 5 o'clock in preventing rabies

The public should have a full understanding of rabies and related prevention measures. Once a high -risk event occurs in infection, it should be calm and "see the trick".

First, the elderly and children should be protected more. Due to the weak self -protection ability of the elderly and children, the lack of risk prevention awareness, the incidence of animal injury is high.

Second, if you are bitten and caught by pet dogs, disputes can be dealt with according to the relevant laws and regulations that have been introduced. Those who raise pet dogs must consciously raise dogs in accordance with the law to avoid dog injuries and spread rabies virus.

Third, rabies can prevent them from being cured. If they are caught and bitten by dogs/cats, even if the wound is small, they should not be careless and should seek medical treatment in time. It is recommended to go to medical institutions with relevant qualifications to take a clinic, according to the condition of the wound and the history of personal immunity, do a good job of exposing rabies.

Fourth, after encountering dogs/cats to catch or bite, individuals should do a good job of first aid: if the wound is relatively large, especially the bleeding wounds, you should use a clean cloth to compress the wound to stop bleeding, and then rush to the hospital; if the wound table Light or bleeding is not much. You can wash the wound with flowing water or soapy water for 15 minutes first. After rinse, use a clean paper towel to absorb the residual liquid at the wound, and then use a clean cloth to cover the wound as soon as possible.

Fifth, after being injured and biting in dogs/cats, in addition to preventing rabies, other wound infections should also be prevented, such as tetanus infection. Turraceroma -like spores are widespread in the environment. They can break through and secrete toxins in hypoxic environments through the eloquence of the human skin or mucosa. Tied tetanus is extremely toxin, and patients with severe patients are difficult to treat. If there is no medical intervention, the mortality rate is extremely high. Therefore, when animal injuries are injured, rabies should pay attention to the correct prevention of tetanus.

Author: National Health Science Popularization Expert Library Expert

Deputy Director of the Emergency Department of Peking University People's Hospital

Wang Chuanlin, Deputy Director of Trauma Salvation Center

Planning: Tan Jia

Edit: Wang Jianying

- END -