"I can still work!" Those middle -aged and elderly people who retired after retirement ｜ Share before bedtime

When asked "whether there was any relaxed time in his life", Wang Liqin, 57, suddenly frowned and frowned into thought. After a long time, she traced back to the time when she was not married.

For 30 years, she rotated like a gyroscope. After being laid off from the Shanghai People's Tool Factory at the age of 27, she had worked more than ten workers and worked as a salesperson and a career caregiver ... Time permit would do two jobs at the same time -like now, she did cleaning in two companies, in the morning Departed at 4:30 pm.

Recently, the news of "McDonald's Recruitment of the Elderly" once again attracted the concern of the society about "old workers' retirement". In addition, more and more companies have begun to release opportunities to retirees like Wang Liqin. China Elderly Talent Network, which was officially launched on August 24, has hung 62 different types of recruitment information.

"I can still work!" Wang Liqin was full of confidence in the age of 65. Although every time she climbed the first -class stairs, the half -moon board on her knees would warn. At that time, when the dream "realized financial freedom and retired at the age of 30", the middle -aged and elderly people who were looking forward to returning to work were increasing. The Zhilian Recruitment Report shows that from the 2nd to September 2020, job seekers who submitted resumes who submitted resumes at the age of 50 and above increased by 32.4%year -on -year, and the growth rate was more than 4 times that of job seekers under the age of 35. Song Yueping, a professor of population at Renmin University of China, told reporters that in China, which is more than 40%of the proportion of people who are willing to stay in the labor market in the labor market.

Why do you still have to work after retiring? We try to approach these middle -aged and elderly people who are unwilling to stop, see their contradictions and pressures, their understanding of work, and at the same time, we also see how the national retirement system and welfare policies have affected the "rest of their lives" of countless individuals.

Failed to work

Time is urgent. Wang Liqin got up at 4 in the morning, brushed his teeth, washed, clothes and shoes were casually set, put on his knee pads, and went out without having breakfast. The sun hadn't come out, the wind was very cool, but her footsteps were accelerating. Because the knee was not good, she looked a little awkward. 322 Lanshu bus departs at 4:30, she has to catch up.

Most Shanghai aunts, who are the same age as her, are traveling, dancing, and meal. She has no such leisure. Go to the 929th road, go to the work location of Henan Middle Road, wipe the table, pour garbage, and wash the cup. The cleaning work must end at about 6:30, and then walk to another company at 300 meters. Mi's space is waiting for her to continue cleaning the toilet, cafeteria, and office. Mid -distance, you have to dial some time to go to the company cafeteria to help the kitchen, Taomi, wash vegetables, and prepare lunch.

In order to save money, she almost did not take the subway and did not buy clothes in five or six years. Wearing a white cultural shirt in the daughter's school and the shoes sent by friends under my feet, the underwear was eliminated by the family. She only cares about her white hair, and she will be dyed once a year before the Spring Festival, which looks younger. The brown hair has faded, like a dry corn hanging on both sides of the forehead. A friend around her said that she looked "five years older than her husband".

The husband was actually four years older than her. It was originally a boiler of the steel factory. After the illness retired in 2009, she was responsible for taking care of the old and younger schools. The pressure of supporting her family was transferred to her. Although he grew up in Shanghai, the husband and wife had no house for nearly sixty years, and five people and in -laws were crowded in the 70 -square -meter "old broken". Before adulthood, her daughter always lived in the same bedroom as her grandparents and moved to the dormitory when she went to college.

In 2020, the Wang Liqin family finally applied for a set of affordable houses. For more than 1 million rooms, they made up to relatives and friends to make up for nearly 1 million foreign debt again. Therefore, even after the retirement age, Wang Liqin did not dare to rest at more than 4,000 yuan per month. Some time ago, she even considered whether to take the third job -go to a middle school to do auntie aunt. This job only needs to go to the dormitory on duty at 6pm, and the other two jobs are staggered.

Who is the main force of recreational after retirement? The population sampling survey every ten years may explain the answer. Song Yueping told reporters that according to statistics from the population sampling survey in 2015, among elderly people aged 60-70, the proportion of the population of income can be available for income is about 30%. Among them, the self-employed people in rural and cities occupy Main force.

"These people have not had a stable job in the past, so there is no concept of the so -called" legal retirement age '. "She pointed out that the data also explained the impact of welfare gaps on the employment of the elderly.

64 -year -old Han Chunxiang is another "rural version" of Wang Liqin. She is an ordinary farmer in Hongliang Village, Dalian City. She often goes to the construction site as a small worker, moving bricks, plastering, and tie steel bars. She is numb in her hands and feet. Before blindness, she has always been the first choice for nearby workers.

After being blind due to work injury, the old house that had lived for 37 years became crisis -the narrow steps of the aftermathing of the aftermath of the house made her fall countless times, "the pants broke through several." She is fortunate that she is living alone, "Fortunately, no one can see it."

Husbands died early, and their children worked in the factory and supermarkets in Dalian, and their lives lived tightly. Han Chunxiang felt that she could only rely on herself. The pension of 1,000 yuan per month can cover the basic expenditure, but once you get sick, it is not enough. So through the introduction of the workers, she found some zero lives in the surrounding villages and towns, planting trees, picking peaches, canned heads, stacked paper shell box ... Regardless of the price, as long as there is any work, she will not pick. "Let's take a step in the future." Even if the hourly salary is only a dozen yuan, I can't get much money when I really get sick. However, I get the work money after I do it every time I work.

Always do something

"If you don't have a foreign debt of 1 million yuan, would you continue to work?" When asked about this problem, Wang Liqin hesitated and nodded seriously.

She made her earning her daughter's tuition and the down payment of the house. She still miss the days when she sells snacks in the Jade Buddha Temple. There are simple trees and yellow doors. I still remember that one year on New Year's Eve, the red ribbon and Huang Baodian reflected. She and her daughter selling vegetarian cakes and a prime noodles.

If you have better economic conditions and more retirement pensions, do you still want to work?

Tang Yuelian, 51, also nodded. She lives in a well -off family in Shanghai. The couple have houses and cars, and their income is stable. When she met, she was wearing a black and white slim sweater with a small wave of shoulder around her head. The people around me praised her to maintain, "showing young", but after retiring, she found out that the old thing was just a moment.

In the past, she worked as a leader in a shaving knife factory in a well -known foreign company. She managed a entire production line. There were more than ten workers under her. Basic English communication and computer skills were not. In her twenty years, she won the "CEO Award" and "Zero Loss Achievement Award" and shuttled in the workshop.

"Everyone calls me aunt now." This title made her feel lost, like a sign of withdrawal -obviously she was still young, but no longer someone regarded her as a colleague, leader or opponent. In the past, Tang Yuelian has been looking forward to 50 years old, dreaming of "flying self", "traveling the world", "no longer having to carry performance", "our generation, the first half of his life around work and children, how can there be your own time." But when this moment was really coming, she was a little confused, "it was disconnected from the society at once." After retirement, she was so much that she did not know how to pass. She claimed to be a person who had no hobbies.

Tang Yuelian has won awards.

Zhao Shuming is also an unable to stay away. He returned to the workplace again within a month after retirement. He was admitted to the Third Military Medical University and joined the army at the age of 15. After graduation, he was assigned to the Southwest Hospital under the army. In 2018, 53 years old had been working for 38 years, and the local army encouraged a long -term employee to retire in advance. "Getting the position to the later young people."

At the time of retirement, he received a gift from a friend. It was an old paper cut from the 2003 "Chongqing Daily", which recorded the scene where he supported in Xiaotangshan, Beijing during the fight against SARS. After seeing it, Zhao Shuming was so emotional: "I actually wanted to be a teacher when I was a child, but I didn't want to be a doctor, but the state allocated that I came here, and I did a business."

The training cycle of medical talents is long. While working, he studied from undergraduate to a PhD, and he went to Japan, the United States and other places at the age of 40. At the age of 53, he was also a ability to stop. He did not want to stop. "I can also make a lot of contributions to the country and society." As soon as he retired, he and his twenty or thirty old colleagues came from Chongqing to a newly established hospital in Chongqing and started a new career in another country.

When the slogan of "lying down" and "financial freedom" in the light generation of the year, the "50s" and "post -60s" showed more nostalgia for work. Research by Song Yueping and his team at Renmin University of China and his team found that they still want to contribute to their families and society. They are the main motivation for retirees to re -employment: "At present, the population that exceeds the legal retirement age is willing to stay in the labor force The proportion of the market is about 40%. According to our survey, one of their most typical features is the strong demand for self -worth, and eager to participate in the social process. "

On the other hand, the deep -rooted family concept in Chinese culture has also had a very important impact on people's re -employment after retirement. "Many elderly people have done a lifetime, just want to create a better life for their children. The burden. "50 to 60 is a typical" sandwich layer ", which is just the age when the elderly are sick and the children are married". Choose. "

Tang Yuelian couldn't hold it at home, and found another 6 -day work: doing dormitory management in a university in Shanghai. She also remembered her son's marriage. "At least we have to prepare a house for him to find the object." Recently, she and her husband gritted a house in Pudong. The son gave a mortgage of tens of thousands of yuan.

In this way, she didn't dare to stop. She predicts that her real retirement time "at least 5 years will be delayed." Opportunities and risks

Han Chunxiang's right eye was gray -white, and she was deeply stuck on her wrinkled face, which seemed a bit abrupt. When the incident happened 4 years ago, she was moving a bunch of steel bars on the roof. The 12 -meter -long steel bars suddenly slid down the eaves, hit the ground, bounced, and stunned heavily on her eyes. She was so painful that she rolled to the ground with her eyes, and her blood leaked from her fingers.

After being diagnosed with doctors, Han Chunxiang's right eye lens was severely damaged and lost his vision. The left eye vision was only 0.25, which constituted six -level disability. In order to protect their rights, she wrote a strip at the hospital on the spot.

"I wouldn't let you go out to work, you have to do it!" After knowing that she was injured, the children were anxious and angry.

The worker was unwilling to compensate for the economic losses outside the medical expenses. Han Chunxiang chose to sue and obtained a civil mediation letter issued by the Dalian Intermediate People's Court in October 2021, requiring the worker to pay the compensation of 140,000 yuan. However, Han Chunxiang hasn't got the money yet.

After the eyes are broken, do nothing. In order to pick the progress of others when picking peaches, she hurriedly groped the branches. Whether the size was dragged down and threw it into the basket.

It is not easy to pretend to be. She had to get up at 3:30 in the morning, walk 5 kilometers to the bus gathering point, and work at the factory for 10 hours. Because she couldn't see it clearly, her hand was made of a long mouth by the iron sheet on the edge of the cans.

Once it exceeds the legal retirement age, it will not be within the scope of the labor contract law. After retirement, employees and enterprises can only sign labor contracts. The difference between labor and labor, the difference between the word, and the protection of the obtained is far: legal in law, only by signing a labor contract can the labor relationship be established. Without establishing a labor relationship, there is no need to pay five insurances and one fund. There is no compensation, as if entering the "vacuum zone" of equity protection.

Tang Yuelian met a scammer while looking for a job. "At that time, she saw it on a recruitment website. It just recruited people of our age to say very high -end to help the court sort out files." She and friends arrived at the interview. After the location, the other party asked her to pay the deposit first. Looking back now, it is a scam for older workers.

Tang Dan is a well -known scholar in the field of Beijing Elderly and Elderly Medical Society, and the elderly population. She noticed that some companies are willing to hire middle -aged and elderly groups after retirement because they are "more cost -effective" -the five insurances and one insurance one. Gold can accept lower salary.

"The same is a job. Why can't a person work after retirement?" Tang Dan said.

Tang Yuelian received a bouquet sent by colleagues when he retired.

A more friendly world

Tang Yuelian hates the concept of seeing retired people as "people who use no use of society". The value. "Work gives her a goal, has a head, and feels like life. Talking about her new job "cosmetic", her tone is half proud and half disgusted. "To ensure the safety of 954 students in the building, the pressure is also very large." From the bedroom drawer, she took out a embroidery Medal, "Look, I have also participated in the school's latest population census."

Tang Yuelian participated in the census and obtained embroidery.

Doctor Zhao Shuming likes his new job. "When he was young, he was under great pressure. He was busy engaging in scientific research, applying for topics, and promotion. Focus on the clinical clinical. "The hospital was built on the outskirts of Guiyang, surrounded by green water and green mountains. He and his wife decided to settle here to inject a fresh wind into life.

"Work is like a siege. People outside the city want to go in, and people in the city come up with." Tang Dan believes that people should update their awareness of retirement today. Retirement should be regarded as an opportunity. You are getting tired in this post. You can change to a more likes and easier lifestyle. "

As the per capita life span is getting higher and higher, the time after people retires is getting longer and longer, and the return of middle -aged and elderly people will become a trend. In the highly aging Japan, data released by the General Affairs of Japan last September shows that one of the elderly over 45 years old is still working. In April 2021, Japan began to implement the latest version of the "Correction of Employment Stability Law" to ensure that those who are aspirations can work until the age of 70.

"This is actually a good trend. It can not only meet the needs of the elderly's social and self -realization, which is conducive to physical and mental health, but also reduces the pressure of social support brought by aging." Tang Dan commented.

"Some people are worried that the elderly to seize the job opportunities of young people do not have this problem." Song Yueping added, "At present, the overall knowledge and skills of the elderly in our country are not high. 80 % of them are the first industries, that is, farmers; in addition, men are doing security and construction sites. Women generally engage in nanny and cleaning work, and the employment market of young people is completely staggered. "

In November 2021, the State Council issued the "Opinions on Strengthening the Work in the New Era", which also focused on "encouraging the elderly to continue their role", "combining old and old, and" comprehensive and comprehensive nourishment ", and" comprehensive comprehensive Cleaning the unreasonable rules that hinder the elderly continue to play a role. "So, in order to build a world that is more friendly to the elderly, what can we do?

Tang Dan suggested that a more reasonable retirement age can be set. At present, my country's legal retirement age is based on the "Interim Measures for the State Council on the retirement and retirement of workers" issued in 1978. Men are 60 years old, female cadres are 55 years old, and female workers are 50 years old. Compared with other countries, my country's retirement age is relatively early. The per capita retirement age of the United States is about 67 years old, and Japan is close to 70 years old, while Britain, Germany, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Ireland have planned to delay their retirement age around 67 around 2030.

"At that time, our per capita life span was not long, but with the improvement of the people's living standards, the expectations of the expected life were getting longer and longer. Now 50 or 55 years old are actually young, in the middle stage of life, you can do a lot of things." Tang Dan mentioned that it can set a more flexible retirement age. Taking the United States as an example, its retirement age is set between 62-67 years old. The sooner the retirement pension, the less pensions, and the more later it will be.

Song Yueping suggested that people who exceed the legal retirement age are also incorporated into the scope of labor protection. "It should not be used as a node to be forcibly excluded from the labor law system." It is worth learning that in 2018 Zhejiang Province released the "" Regarding the guidance of students such as vocational technicians and other schools such as during internships and those who have surpassed the legal retirement age during the continued employment period, they tried to expand the coverage of the working injury insurance system to protect the rights and interests of retired workers.

Both experts mentioned that the existing retirement system can be adjusted in a more flexible direction to meet the needs of different people and reduce hindrance to older workers. “领取养老金和办理退休手续应当逐步脱钩，人们到达一定年龄之后就能领取退休金，获得自己过去的劳动回报，同时他想回来工作还可以随时回来，得到社会的支持。”唐丹认为，这It should be the main direction of the reform of the future retirement policy. "No matter what he is, when a person who needs to work to work, we should provide him with protection and platform."

(Some interviewees in the article are pseudonym, and the pictures are provided by the interview object)

Liberation Daily · Shangguan News Original manuscript, reprinting without permission

Author: Xia Jieyi Zhu Yawen Tan Chen

WeChat Editor: Miss Pi School Division: SYL Xiaochuan

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