National Park Forum 丨 Zhang Yin, Dean of the Academy of Fine Arts of Hainan Normal University: Li Culture has given Hainan Tropical Rain Forest National Park humanistic value

↑ Hainan Province Lingshui County Dangloshan Tropical Rain Forest National Park is lush green onion views such as spring. According to IC Photo

Red Star News reporter 丨 Luo Mengjie Song Xinze

Edit 丨 Yu Dongmei Guo Yu

"Whoever became a place of public in the year, Hainan's village is true." More than 900 years ago, when "Dongpo Jushi" Su Shi was degraded in Hainan, he was deeply shocked by the beautiful island in front of him, writing a masterpiece. As a pearl on the southern sea in the south of my country, Hainan Province has rich animal and plant resources. Above it, there is still an unknown state -Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park.

Here the green dill is intertwined and the birds and beasts are traveling to preserve Chinese biodiversity to the best. Such a tropical rain forest is only one in China, and it is unique in the world. Hainan Tropical Rain Forest National Park is located in the central and southern parts of Hainan Island, with a total area of ​​4,269 square kilometers, accounting for one -eighth of the area of ​​the island.

↑ Chu Baocun (Old Village) overlook the picture

This is the shelter of many global endangered species and the unique species of Hainan Island, and it is also a place for the Li people to settle for a long time and create a unique island tribe culture. In the long development process, the people of the Li people accompanied the tropical rain forests and contributed special skills such as Li Jin, Li Tao, Li Ge, and Li Wu, and also created a culture that is compatible with the natural environment of the tropical island.

It is reported that in April 2022, Hainan's tropical rain forests and traditional Li nationality settlements were officially included in the World Heritage Preparation list, and the types of declarations were the world's natural and cultural heritage. The application project has been included in the World Heritage Centers of the UNESCO World Heritage Center.

"The tropical rain forest is the living soil of the Li people. On this land, the Li people of the Li people created their own unique culture, which also gave the humanistic value of Hainan Tropical Rain Forest National Park." Professor Zhang Yin, dean of the School of Fine Arts of the Normal University, said that Hainan's tropical rain forests and Li culture are the relationship between each other and accompanied each other. It will increase our protection of culture and will greatly enhance our cultural confidence. "

↑ Zhang Yin's interviewee confessed

Hainan Tropical Rain Forest National Park and the Li nationality of the Li ethnic group are interdependent

18 ° 23 ′ north latitude to 19 ° 17 ′, 108 ° 47 ′ to 109 ° 43 ′ east longitude. This seemingly ordinary geographical coordinates are not only a tropical rain forest located in the central and southern part of Hainan Island, and the five -finger mountain. It is also a place for the Li people to settle for a long time and create a unique island tribe culture. In Zhang Yin's view, the Li nationality has profound cultural heritage, there are traditional techniques such as the brocade of the Li nationality, the pottery, and the traditional folk customs such as "March 3". Under the giant wheel of time, it will die, which is like the rare animals and plants in Hainan Tropical Rain Forest National Park, and it is urgent to protect it.

Red Star News: For a long time, Hainan's tropical rainforests have been providing supply to the people of the Li people on the island. The people of the Li people also left a lot of precious and unique culture on this land. According to you, what traditional culture does the Li nationality in Hainan leave?

Zhang Yin: The surrounding communities of the Hainan Tropical Rain Forest National Park are Li and Miao world residences. The cultural heritage here is deep. It not only has traditional techniques such as the brocade of the Li nationality, the pottery, and the Miao ethnic wax dye, but also the "March 3" "March 3" Banquet "and other lively traditional folk customs. In recent years, many traditional techniques unique to the Li people have been listed as intangible cultural heritage. Among the 82 non -heritage projects above Hainan Province, there are 28 Li people, accounting for one -third.

However, although the Li people have their own language, they do not have their own words. The cultural forms mostly rely on verbal and behavioral generations, which leads to the weakest research, organizing, and display of the traditional culture of the Li nationality. Especially with the development of the economy and society, the many living customs and cultural customs of the Li people have also been "morally" with the demise of the Li nationality villages.

For example, the "ship -shaped house" of the traditional villages of the Li people is best reflected. Most of these houses are top, and the walls are mostly wooden board structures. The shape looks like a inverted wooden boat. However, for various reasons, many residents who originally lived in these houses moved to new homesteads to live and vacate the original old house. Later, the lack of house building materials, and the lack of popularity in the long -term lack of popularity caused the rot of houses. Over time, these boat houses and even the old villages gradually became "ruins." At present, only two villages, which are listed as provincial cultural relics protection units in Chu Bao Village, Maoyang Town, Maoyang Town, Wuzhishan City, and Baicha Village, Jiangbian Township, Dongfang City.

In addition, the Li people still have a lot of customs that are gradually disappearing. For example, the tattoo culture of the Li nationality, the elders of the Li tribe will give the girls in the clan from tattooing to adulthood when they were young. There is no place in the whole body. If the girl does not tattoo, it means "ugly" and no one will marry. But now with the development and progress of ideological consciousness, there are few Li people tattooing.

Red Star News: It is known as the cradle of human civilization. What is the relationship between Hainan Tropical Rain Forest National Park and local folk culture?

Zhang Yin: These two are the relationship between each other and accompany each other. Hainan's tropical rain forest is the living soil of the Li people. On this land, the Li people have created their own unique culture. Similarly, if there is no Li culture, then this rainforest is only a rainforest in the ecological sense; with the Li nationality culture, the Hainan Tropical Rain Forest National Park will have human value. In addition, the Li people in Hainan, like the rare animals and plants in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, have their own uniqueness and urgently need to be protected.有了国家公园这一平台，就能让这里的文化和生物都上升到一个国家公园的概念，加大各界对他们的重视，从而加强我们对于这些东西的关注、研究、推广等，让他们迎Come a very good node.

↑ The vine utensils include clothing baskets, fish baskets, swords, rice sieves, buckets, jewelry boxes, etc. According to Xinhuanet

The culture is not renewable, and it is necessary to contact business appropriately

If the "Hainan Tropical Rain Forest and the Li Tu Traditional Settlement" project that declares the double world heritage has natural ecological value and historical and humanistic value, it has successfully won the "admission ticket" of the application, but for the protection of traditional culture, this "marathon "Only after starting. Zhang Yin pointed out that, like the tattoo culture of the Li nationality, if it is not protected or rescued, it will be difficult to find it in the future, because culture is not renewable. However, the inheritance of traditional culture cannot only be protected by simple "Forma -style". Instead, it is necessary to be in an appropriate contact with business. While drawing on successful cultural and creative experience, it will go out of the development of the characteristics of the Hainan Li nationality.

Red Star News: It is understood that Hainan is actively promoting the "Hainan Tropical Rain Forest and the Traditional Liusan Settlement" project to apply for the World Nature and Cultural Heritage Site. How should the term "settlement" understand? What is the significance of this move?

Zhang Yin: First of all, "or harmless, build a house a little, and then become a settlement". No. Secondly, after the three elements of "settlement", all aspects of people's lives will be produced, including some behaviors and customs. Like the tattoo tradition of the Li people, rattan bamboo braids, bone production, pottery skills, etc., are based on "settlement".

This application can fill the gap between the Hainan World Heritage to zero, and it can also promote the improvement of the level of local ecological environmental protection management, and drive the development of the local economy and society. At the same time, we can also provide us with strong help for us to study and protect these traditional culture. For example, for some endangered Li culture, even because of reality, people have "abandoned" it in life, but in academic, we still have to study. Annual, or the angle of art. It is just because some culture is completely irreversible and renewable, like the tattoo culture of the Li people, it is a female tattoo man who is not tattoo. When these tattooing people are old or died, we will hardly have "living samples". If you do not protect or rescue sexual research now, it is difficult to find it again.

↑ Entering Baicha Village, Jiangbian Township, Dongfang City, Hainan Province, a low house with a hub is like a boat buckle. Photo

Red Star News: For these traditional culture protection, especially the materialized culture similar to "ship -type houses", should it be exposed to business in the future development, or is it just for the restoration of the original taste?

Zhang Yin: These materialized cultures need to be appropriately exposed to business. When drawing on some successful cultural and creative experience, we have stepped out of the road of development belonging to the characteristics of the Li nationality of Hainan. At the same time, it should be noted that some materialized culture on Hainan is relatively fragile. Like a boat -shaped house, it is more difficult to protect its appearance at present, and it is more difficult to talk about commercial development. Therefore, we need to slowly explore the road suitable for the development of the traditional culture of the Li nationality in Hainan.

My personal academic concept is that if it does not move it (materialized culture), then it is equivalent to the protection of "Forma -style", and this protection is only in the museum. And it is necessary to understand the ins and outs of these cultures. Its thousands of years of evolution, its all aspects, and how it should be regenerated, how to transform, and how to refine its traditional authenticity. Therefore, this road must be left, and there is no future without walking.

In fact, internationally, we also have some similar explorations in our inland, such as the ecological museum, an ecological museum that is completely open -air. Hainan is actually more suitable for a business combination of this form. Like the Chu Bao Village in Wushan City, we can use the path of its terrace to design a plank to design an interesting game. Then the village repair was carried out to mobilize the villagers to return to the old village to engage in some daily labor. In this way, tourists will explore from Hunting to deeply understand the culture of the Li village from Hunting.

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