Improve the training subsidy mechanism of skill workers and "Skills Bank", the proportion of high -skilled talents in Shenzhen 2025 will rise to 40 %

Southern Finance and Economics All -Media Council reporter Chen Siqi Shenzhen Reporting

Recently, the Shenzhen Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau issued the "Work Plan for Significant Lifetime Vocational Skills Training System" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"). "Public service platforms and other powerful measures, strive to be at the end of 2025, the city's skills workers accounted for more than 30%, and high -skilled talents accounted for more than 40%.

For reference, as of the end of 2021, the total number of skilled talents in Shenzhen reached 3.9858 million, including 1.4326 million high -skilled talents, accounting for 35.94%.

This time the "Plan" is mainly based on the two aspects of skill training supply and skill certification: guiding colleges, training institutions, employment enterprises, industry associations and other subjects in the form of fund subsidies and other forms. Training pattern; at the same time, "Skills Bank" as an intermediary integration, the certification, accumulation and conversion chain of skills training can be connected, and skill workers are expected to achieve the "double improvement" of vocational skills and academic qualifications. Professional honor.

Improve the training subsidy mechanism to encourage the participation of the social diversified subjects

It is understood that vocational skills training is divided into corporate training and social training. The former uses enterprises as the main body of training, and the latter is organized by vocational colleges or social training institutions.

A survey report released by Nankai University in 2020 shows that corporate training is the main channel for the formation of Chinese industry workers' skills. 67.1%of the interviewed workers said that skill training was provided by enterprises, and social training supply accounted for only 19.9%, of which 10.1%of market -oriented training institutions, only 9.8%of vocational colleges.

However, according to Ma Yang, a special researcher of the Industrial Economic Research Center of China (Shenzhen) Comprehensive Development and Research Institute, enterprises usually do not establish a universal and systematic training mechanism. Instead, they serve the production needs. The technical skills required for the post, as well as fragmented training for corporate culture and professional ethics.

In view of this, in order to further improve the skill level and industrial adaptability of workers, social training should play a greater role. The "Opinions on Implementing the Lifetime Vocational Skills Training System" issued by the State Council in May 2018 proposed that the reform of the professional skills training system and mechanism should be deepened. The focus is on the establishment of a socialized socialization mechanism for vocational skills training.

A Shenzhen vocational college once reported to reporters that the development of social training will occupy some spare time for teachers, but the training subsidy cannot be implemented, resulting in the low enthusiasm of teachers' participation. As the main body of social training with the advantages of teaching resources, vocational colleges focus on supporting its expansion of social training. Based on the average appropriation system, the social vocational skills training income of public vocational colleges is after reasonable deduction of direct costs. It can be extracted at a ratio of not more than 60%to supplement the performance wages of the unit, and is managed in addition to the total performance salary approved.

"For a long time, the subsidy policies for private vocational skills training institutions are relatively small. Due to the high cost of equipment purchases and recruitment of full -time teachers, the enthusiasm of the relevant institutions is not high." According to Ma Yang, a private institution has invested in Shenzhen. More than 10 million yuan to build a robot training base, the purchase cost of high equipment and facilities is transferred to the students in a tuition manner. Workers cannot load the training cost of more than 10,000 yuan per person. Development, the institutional operation was helpless after two years.

In order to solve the above problems, the "Plan" states that it will issue training subsidies to units and individuals in accordance with regulations in accordance with the principle of the principle of the training cost of the training cost. At the same time, Shenzhen will establish an inclusive training subsidy mechanism ordered by employment needs to include the core occupation (type of work) that supports high -quality economic development and the needs of social livelihood in the society and the needs of social livelihood. Demand dynamic monitoring and analysis system, compile and release a list of urgent need of shortage of technology, dynamically adjust the training subsidy standards, and float the subsidy standards for the shortage of labor.

Test water "Skills Bank" to improve the level of skills of skill talents

"Workers participating in vocational skills training mainly served their own interests. If the improvement of skills can not make them finally gain better jobs and higher salary, workers have no motivation to participate in training." Ma Yang said.

Skills authentication is equivalent to assigning the price of skill labor, but my country's industrial workers' skill certification mechanism has long -term unknown authentication subjects, unclear certification responsibilities, and unsatisfactory certification content. According to the above -mentioned survey report of Nankai University, the proportion of technical workers interviewed by the government was only 35.6%.

The difficulty of carrying out vocational skills certification is that the development and identification of market -oriented and social training are scattered in the human society, education, trade unions, women's federations and other departments, and lack of coordinated and unified training results certification standards.

To this end, Beijing, Zhejiang and other places have successively promoted the construction of "credits banks", drawing on the zero -deposit savings method of commercial banks, and opening accounts for learners, and identifying, storing, and conversion of learning results from different channels in the form of credits. After certain standards, the corresponding qualifications and non -academic certificates are allowed.

The "Plan" also pointed out that it will formulate skill credit certification, accumulation, and conversion standards to identify the skills, certificates, and work experience obtained by workers to participate in vocational skills training to promote the improvement of vocational skills and academic education. It is worth noting that on the basis of the "Credit Bank", the "Plan" pioneered the concept of "skill bank". Labor will have personal lifelong vocational skills training electronic archives, storage personal information, learning experience, skill certificate, competition award and other information. Push, employment automatic recommendation and other functions, etc., promote the accurate docking of the supply of skill talents and demand.

Ma Yang believes that workers can obtain a comprehensive assessment of their own skills and job adaptation through the "skill bank". While continuing to participate in training and improvement skills, they can also be in a timely and convenient manner under the guidance of the platform in a timely and convenient manner. Apply for training subsidies. Enterprises can also publish job information and do the appropriate skill talents through the "Skills Bank" to effectively solve the problem of recruitment.

In April of this year, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security issued the "Opinions on Improve and Perfect the Professional Skills Level System of Skills Talent Talent (Trial)", and in the original "junior work-intermediate worker-senior worker-technician-senior technician" five-level skills level foundation foundation Upper, set up apprentices, add special -level technicians and chief technicians, and extend the development into a new "eight -level work" system. However, enterprises usually follow a set of internal professional promotion standards, and they do not necessarily give their corresponding salary because the workers have a certain skill level certification, which also affects the enthusiasm of workers to participate in skill training to a certain extent.

As early as April 2021, the Shenzhen Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau issued the "Notice on Doing the Guidelines for the Distribution of Specific Talent Sallers in Our City", which clarified that the enterprise should set the wage unit that reflects the value of technical skills in the wage structure, and strengthen the value of the skill value to strengthen the value of the skill value. Incentive orientation, those who have more skills and more work are available.

The "Plan" will be further clarified that Shenzhen will release the salary guidance price of skill talents, guide enterprises to establish a wage distribution mechanism based on skill level and performance contribution, effectively improve the level and social status of skill talents, promote skill workers into secondary income into secondary income group.

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