The application of hydrogen energy brings new opportunities to the port?

In order to cope with global climate change, energy sources such as ports and other transportation areas are accelerating to low -carbon transformation. In recent years, in addition to the conventional "oil -changing electricity" of port equipment in my country, liquefied natural gas (LNG), hydrogen energy, ammonia, biofuels, wind energy, solar energy and other new energy systems are accelerating and trying to expand applications.

As we all know, due to the characteristics of low use cost and pollution than diesel, LNG has become higher and higher in the field of Hong Kong and Airlines. It is difficult to store for a long time. In contrast, hydrogen energy is not only easy to obtain, but also can realize energy conversion across regions and seasons. In the future, it is expected to become one of the main clean energy in the field of port logistics.

Tianjin Port "Zero Carbon" terminal.

The hydrogen energy industry is booming

Hydrogen energy uses hydrogen as an energy carrier. It is a secondary energy source with large reserves, wide sources, high efficiency, cleaning low -carbon, renewable, whether it is directly combined or electrochemical conversion. It is hailed as the most developed secondary energy sources in the 21st century.

In 2019, for the first time in my country, hydrogen energy was written into the government work report, and in June of that year, the "White Paper of China Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Battery Industry" was released. The research of hydrogen energy storage and transportation technology began to accelerate. The Bureau released the Energy Law of the People's Republic of China, and the hydrogen energy was first listed by the energy category.

Although my country takes "hydrogen" as energy for energy research and development and uses shortly, there has always been a "hydrogen industry" that has been recovered by hydrogen -making and industrial by -produced hydrogen in China. There is a considerable scale.

According to data from the China Hydrogen Energy Alliance, in 2021, my country ’s hydrogen production capacity was about 41 million tons, the actual output was about 33.42 million tons, and the heat value accounted for about 2.7%of the total terminal energy share. And the green hydrogen energy obtained through the "electrolytic water" method accounts for only 1%, and most of them are used for fuels such as ammonia and methanol.

Compared with the "hydrogen" industry, the development of the "hydrogen energy" industry in my country is still in the initial stage, and only about 1%of the hydrogen production is used as energy. At present, my country ’s hydrogen output and hydrogen storage materials are the world’ s first in the world. It has created favorable conditions for the development and utilization of hydrogen energy technology, so that my country's hydrogen energy industry has developed rapidly in recent years, and the number of application scenarios has continued to increase. Essence As of the end of 2021, there have been 255 hydrogen refueling stations in my country, and the amount of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles has a amount of about 9,315 units, which has become the world's largest fuel cell commercial vehicle market.

From the perspective of regional distribution that has been put into production, it is mainly concentrated in Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Hubei, Hebei and other places, and the service targets are mainly urban public transportation equipment. The number of construction and regional distribution needs to be improved.

my country has mastered some core technologies of some hydrogen energy infrastructure and fuel cells, and has formulated 112 national standards, and has a certain production capacity of industrial equipment and fuel cell vehicles.

In terms of industrial planning, my country has released the "Made in China 2025" and "Strategic Development Strategic Outline of National Innovation", as well as the "Long-term Planning for the Development of Hydrogen Energy Industry (2021-2035 2021-2035 ")" "" "All actively encouraged the development of hydrogen energy industry.

At the same time, there are dozens of provinces (cities) and regions in Beijing, Hebei Province, Shanghai, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Shandong Province, and Guangzhou. The planning goals are expected to have more than 150,000 fuel cell vehicles by 2025, more than 1,000 hydrogen refueling stations, and the cumulative output value of the hydrogen energy industry will exceed 960 billion yuan.

In addition, although my country's hydrogen energy layout is late, it has gradually become the country with the largest investment in R & D budget.

Ningbo Zhoushan Port oil pier.

The construction of integrated hydrogen port energy port is in the ascendant

At present, domestic integrated hydrogen energy ports have begun to build "production and sales".

The "hydrogen port" mainly refers to ports with hydrogen energy use, hydrogen energy industry cultivation, and hydrogen energy trade. Recently, it is mainly based on the cultivation of hydrogen energy industry cultivation and port machines such as Hong Kong. With the maturity of hydrogen energy technology, the medium and long period will gradually carry out hydrogen energy trade to form a "production -storage -sales -use" whole industry chain.

At this stage, there are a number of "hydrogen ports" in China, which are located in Qingdao City, Shandong Province, Shanghai Lingang New Area, Tianjin Binhai New District, Zhangjiagang City, Jiangsu Province, and Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province. At the same time, ports such as Shenzhen Yantian and Dalian Taiping Bay have also planned planning for the construction of hydrogen energy ports.

In the future, these ports will mainly play the following three role: first, forming a demonstration zone of the hydrogen energy industry, driving the development of the local hydrogen energy industry chain; the other is to provide hydrogen fuel for shipping to help them realize decarburization; third, as a hydrogen energy import and export Key hub.

According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (Irena), it is estimated that about 1/4 of the world's hydrogen will be used for international trade by 2050, and half of them will drive global applications of hydrogen energy through shipping.

However, in the field of port applications, hydrogen energy applications are mainly concentrated in trailers. At present, the utilization of hydrogen energy in my country's port is mainly based on hydrogen fuel cells. The working principle does not directly use the method of burning hydrogen, but rely on its anode, cathode, and electrolytes to form components. It can be directly converted into electrical energy; the working process only requires fuel (hydrogen) and oxidant (air or pure oxygen) to be continuously entered, and the hydrogen fuel cell can continue to generate electrical energy. Take Qingdao, Shandong as an example, proposed in the "Qingdao Hydrogen Energy Industry Development Plan (2020-2030)" to promote the construction of a variety of hydrogen energy development demonstration forms such as the construction of hydrogen energy ports, and carry out the development of fuel cell port machinery and logistics and transportation development in Qingdao Port Demonstration application. At present, the world's first "hydrogen power" automation track hanging, which is independently developed by Qingdao Port, has solved the problems such as one -click anchor, sustainable charging, automatic locking, AGV lightweight, etc. operational efficiency has improved by 30%, reduced by more than 50%of personnel by more than 50% Essence Use clean energy vehicles to gradually replace the existing fuel vehicles in the port, and promote the long-distance logistics company that is connected with port operations to gradually replace clean energy vehicles, which is expected to reach 70,000 to 100,000 vehicles.

However, there are still insufficient hydrogen energy in the application of trailer cards. At present, the price of bicycles and hydrogen energy of hydrogen energy vehicles remain high. Although the application of hydrogen energy equipment has certain social benefits and environmental benefits, the economy is poor, and the enthusiasm of port enterprises to promote the application of hydrogen energy vehicles is not high.

In addition, in terms of physical characteristics, the hydrogen thermal value (143mJ/kg) is high, which is 3-4 times that of the thermal value of fossil fuels such as coke and gasoline, and the comprehensive conversion efficiency can be achieved by more than 90%through the fuel cell. However, from the perspective of the "oil well to wheel" (WTW) life cycle efficiency index, which is often used in the energy efficiency of the vehicle, the performance of hydrogen energy fuel cell vehicles is generally not as good as pure electric vehicles. And the impact of immature fuel cell energy conversion technology.

To this end, in the past three years, my country's key research and development plan has launched the implementation of the key special project of "renewable energy and hydrogen energy technology". Among them, there are 14 fuel cell technology categories, accounting for 51.9%of the total project; 5 hydrogen -making technology, accounting for 18.5%; 6 hydrogen storage technology categories, accounting for 22.2%; Compared with 7.4%.

At present, the use of port hydrogen in my country still has a shortcoming technology. The first is the storage and transportation of hydrogen fuels. There are fewer hydrogen supply manufacturers such as port flow machinery in the country, a single transportation method, and a higher cost of hydrogen use.

At the same time, the domestic hydrogen is mainly used in the current stage of gaseous hydrogen. Hydrogen transportation mainly uses long tube trailer transportation. The transportation pressure is mostly 20MPa. "Mainly, the 70MPA" hydrogen bottle "technology is internationally behind. Due to the low pressure of trailer transportation, the time of the equipment is relatively long and the LNG time is relatively long, which affects the efficiency of the dock operations.

In addition, the domestic mobile machinery -related hydrogen energy standard specifications need to be further improved, improving the efficiency of hydrogen energy storage and transportation, and reducing the cost of storage and transportation of hydrogen energy is the current development of the development of hydrogen energy storage and transportation technology.

另从“零排放”的一次能源角度看，全球大部分港口“氢能”都因地制宜，主要利用“海上风电”进行氢能制取，而我国利用风电、太阳能通过“电解水”方式制氢的The quantity is still very small. Whether it is supplying ships or ports of ports, it is not enough to meet the "zero carbon energy" standard.

Dalian port container terminal forefront.

Related cities formed an industrial chain

Although there are still many problems in the application of hydrogen energy in the port, it is gratifying that some port cities in my country have initially formed a relatively complete hydrogen energy industry chain. Tianjin, Qingdao, Dalian, Shanghai, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, etc. have carried out hydrogen energy production, storage, transportation, injection, fuel cell power system and hydrogen energy application full industrial chain project, forming a number of leading enterprises.

Among them, Tianjin relies on the petrochemical industry to lay out the hydrogen energy industry, forming a entire industry chain of hydrogen, hydrogen, and hydrogen use;

Qingdao Port Union Tongji University, SAIC Group and others to carry out hydrogen energy production, storage, transportation, injection, fuel cell power system and hydrogen energy application entire industry chain project;

Dalian has many experienced enterprises in the aspects of hydrogen preparation and storage, hydrogen fuel cell system and components, and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and has initially formed a relatively complete hydrogen energy industry chain;

Shanghai has introduced a group of hydrogen energy industry chain enterprises, which initially formed a relatively complete hydrogen energy industry framework system such as key components such as film electrodes, the production of fuel cell power system and the supporting infrastructure of hydrogenation stations;

Fuzhou has a certain foundation in the industrial chain links of hydrogen supply, fuel cell core parts, and vehicle production and development;

Some hydrogen energy enterprises in Guangzhou have completed the supply chain system of upstream and downstream industries such as hydrogen energy core components, hydrogen supply systems, and vehicle manufacturers, which has promoted the accelerated development of the local hydrogen energy industry.

Source: China Water Transport News

Author: Xie Wenqing

Responsible editor: Zou Yuxuan

Review: Hongbo

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