Why are 5,000 ancient trees in Shaanxi?

Recently, the results of the second time (2015-2021) the results of the ancient trees resource survey of ancient trees were announced that there were 50.819 million ancient trees in the country's census, of which 5 were more than 5,000 years old.

"The national treasures of the plant world", "5000 years old trees, but rare treasures", "that is the earth treasure", "must be protected" ... Five 5,000 ancient trees have attracted public attention. Some of the netizens asked, where are these 5 ancient trees distributed? What kind of tree is it?

What is the ancient trees in 5000 years?

Huangdi hand in Huangling County, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, has a luminous handling. Photographed by Li Xiaojun

The reporter from the Yangtze River Daily learned from the Office of the National Greening Committee on September 21 that the five ancient trees of 5000 years of the 5000 years of ancient trees resource resource survey were announced in Shaanxi Province. Handbai, Baoshengbai, and Lao Junbai, who are more than 20 kilometers away from Huangling County, Gubai in Cangjie Temple in Baishui County, Weinan City, and pages in Luonan County, Shangluo City.

A tree is in a state of state, and it comes with the creation. Ancient trees are live relics that record the ecological changes of the earth.

How many years can the tree be called ancient trees? The reporter noticed that the "Administrative Measures for the Protection of Ancient Trees of the Urban Ancient Tree" clearly states that ancient trees refer to trees with a tree age of more than 100 years.

● Huangdi handbai

Father of the World Cydasum

Huangdi handicapped in Huangling County, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province. Photographed by Li Xiaojun

According to reports, the Huangdi Mausoleum, located above the north bridge mountain in Huangling County, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, is the mausoleum of Huaxia's ancestor Xuanyuan Huangdi.

Zhang Maoze, a professor at the Institute of Chinese Ideological and Culture of Northwest University, introduced that historical records recorded that Emperor Hanwu Yuanfeng in the first year (110 BC), he led 180,000 troops to worship Huangdi here. There were clear historical records before the Han Dynasty and surrounding large -scale planting cypress trees; during the Tang and Song dynasties, the planting cypress trees in the Huangdi Mausoleum was a national behavior.

Li Xiaojun has been engaged in green maintenance work in the Huangdi Mausoleum for more than 20 years. He has a few treasures here. There are more than 83,000 ancient cypresses where the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum is located, of which more than 34,600 ancient cypresses are more than thousands of years. It is the oldest, the largest coverage and the most complete preserved ancient cypress group in China.

According to Li Xiaojun, the oldest pipeline of the ancient cypress group of the Huangdi Mausoleum, which is said to be planted by Xuanyuan Huangdi. This ancient cypress is more than 20 meters high, with a diameter of 11 meters and a crown area of ​​more than 190 square meters. It is a special protection ancient tree and is known as the "father of the world cypress tree". Seven people with thick trunks pulled their hands and couldn't hold them together.

● Bao Shengbai

The only "witnesses" in Baosheng Palace in the Ming Dynasty

Bao Shengbai, located in Huangling County, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province. Photographed by Li Xiaojun

Among the 5,000 years of ancient trees announced by the nationwide nationwide census of ancient trees in the country, Bao Shengbai, which is also located in the Huangdi Mausoleum. It was little known before.

Li Xiaojun told reporters that there are many ancient cypresses in the Huangdi Mausoleum. Because Bao Shengbai is not on the axis of the scenic area, rarely knows the outside world. In the past few years, when the Shaanxi Provincial Greening Commission organized an expert to identify the ancient tree, it was determined that the Baosheng cypress tree was about 5,000 years.

Baoshengbai is located between the sacrifice cultural exhibition room and the calligraphy and painting exhibition room of Xuanyuan Temple. The tree is 15.50 meters high, with an average crown of 12.1 meters, the crown is south, and the growth is strong. The name is the only "survivor" and "witness" after the Bao Sheng Palace fire was destroyed.

● Lao Junbai

The "god tree" of reputation

Laojunbai, located in Huangling County, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province.

Located more than 20 kilometers in Huangling County, the tree is 18.5 meters high and 3.5 meters in diameter. In this census, Shaanxi Province reported that his tree was over 5,000 years old.

In 110 BC, Emperor Wu Liu Ji of the Emperor Liu Che was recruited and returned. After the "Nine Turn to Prayer Fairy" in Qiaoshan worshiped Xuanyuan Huangdi Mausoleum, he heard the "Laojun Temple" on the banks of the Hulu River, and then drove the Shijia River. Worship, in front of the temple, he is named "Lao Jun Bai" with this ambition, which is taken care of by the temple holding the people. Later, the "Laojun Temple" collapsed, and "Laojun Bai" still stood proudly. The people became more admired and cared for. ● Cangjie Hand Zhibai

The root of civilization

Cangjie hand in Baishui County, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province.

On the northeast side of the Cangjie Tomb of Baishui County, Weinan City, there is a 5000 -year -old tree. This ancient tree is leafy, with a height of more than 16 meters, a waist circumference of 7.8 meters, and a root surrounding 9.9 meters.

This ancient tree is passed down as the creator of the original pictographic text, Cangjie, when he chose the cemetery before his death, he personally planted this cypress tree as a mark. Some scholars are called the source of culture, known as the "root of civilization", also known as longevity tree.

There are 48 ancient cypresses in the courtyard of Cangjie Temple. In January 1949, Peng Dehuai had ordered that all the commanders were required to protect the cultural relics and historic sites, and it was strictly forbidden to climb the ancient wood and not destroy them at will.

● Page Shan Dagai

Qinling's biggest ancient potter

Located in the pages of Luoan County, Shangluo City, Shaanxi Province. Photo by He Weinan

At the foot of Luonan County, the southern foot of the Qinling Mountains, there is a 5,000 years of Qinling Gubai King, which is one of the "Eight Landscapes of Luonan".

Wu Yukun, the head of the Ecological Industry Section of the Shangluo Forestry Bureau, told reporters: Page Shan Da Guba tree is 23.16 meters high, 3.1 meters higher than the Yellow Emperor Mausoleum Xuanyuan Bai; Ancient dreaming.

In the thirty years of Qing Daoguang, Shangzhou Zhizhou wrote "Page Mountain Gubai Ji"; in 1980, an expert from UNESCO visited Dagbai that it grew up in a primitive society and has been thousands of years.

How to calculate the age of ancient trees?

The results of the second ancient tree -famous wood resource survey showed that the most abundant provinces of ancient tree resources are Yunnan, with more than 1 million plants, and more than 500,000 plants in Shaanxi, Henan, and Hebei. The age of the ancient trees across the country is mainly concentrated in 100-299 years, with a total of 987,500 plants; 160,300 years old in 300-499; 68,200 in the tree age of more than 500 years, of which more than 1,000 years of ancient trees There are 10745 strains. As of last year, there were 10 ancient trees in Wuhan for more than 1,000 years, which were specifically distributed in Huangpi, Xinzhou, and Caidian.

How did this census come to this census? Five of them are more than 5,000 years old?

Li Xiaojun, the person in charge of the forest protection bureau of the Huangdi Mausoleum, told reporters that there are generally three methods for the detection of ancient tree tree stipulated by the state: first, according to historical materials, local records, and local population mouth; the other is according to the growth environment and the height of the tree, the degree of toughness, etc. For estimate, the third is accurate detection through scientific methods such as annual wheels. In order not to form physical damage to the living ancient trees, it is not possible to make holes or cuts, and it is usually estimated.

"The age of Huangdi's hand -in -law has more than 5,000 years of age. It is recorded on the local county chronicle and the ancient stone monument of Xuanyuan Temple, which shows the Chinese nation's initial understanding of the ecology." Mountain. Due to cutting trees to build a house, burning firewood to get fire, cut out the nearby forests. The rainstorm rushed, and the flood rolled away a lot of people. Huang Di was very sad and took the lead in planting the cypress tree. Since then, tree planting has become one of the fine traditions of the Chinese nation and has continued from generation to generation.

The reporter noticed that in 2015, the Shaanxi Forestry Bureau said in response to netizens' messages in 2015 that the method of accurately grasping the age of the tree is mainly the annual rotation appraisal method and the accurate measurement method of carbon 14. These two methods are harmful to the growth of trees and are not recommended in general.

Multi -pronged to protect the ancient trees

The ancient trees of the wonderful state are the "living fossils" of historical culture. They are treasures in forest resources. They are cultural relics of life. They have important ecology, history, culture, science, landscape and economic value.

Why did the ancient trees 5000 years ago in Shaanxi? The emphasis on the protection of forests has already existed in Shaanxi.

In the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (AD 1325), the emperor Tai Ding also learned that the Temple of the Huangdi Temple of Xuanyuan was destroyed and angry. He personally granted a Mongolian imperial decree in person. Facilities are prohibited from cutting down the surrounding woods. The inscription of the Mongolian Emperor of Taiding Emperor Taiding is stored in the Temple of the Huangdi Temple. This is the first law of the court of Huangdi (temple).

In recent years, my country ’s protection of ancient trees has been strengthened, increasing the public's knowledge and participation in the protection of ancient trees.

In the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum, each ancient cypress has electronic files. The full -time Gubai management guard patrolling the uninterrupted patrol every day, and the unique Gubai fire protection system is built; In the annual monitoring of the pests and insect pests in Gubaiqun, forestry experts "one tree, one policy" carried out resurgence protection ...

The national level is also improving the legal system. The Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate jointly released the "Application of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China Article 344 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China" in 2020, which clearly: Wild plants belong to the "precious trees or other plants protected by the state" stipulated in Article 344 of the Criminal Law. It stipulates illegal transplantation of precious trees or other plants protected by the state shall be held criminally responsible in accordance with the law. During the interview, some experts proposed that the protection of ancient trees should also avoid misunderstandings such as excessive protection. For example, in some places to develop tourism, the roads around the ancient trees are hardened, and the ancient trees are surrounded by cement, metal or stone ponds. This is actually a harm to ancient trees.

Several experts said that the more naturally the maintenance of ancient trees, the better the more natural, and try to make the space that grows naturally as greater to increase the permeability of the root.

Extra -space breeding has continued to continue the live fossil gene

Relevant experts from the State Forest Cao Bureau Planning Institute told reporters that the ancient trees preserved precious species resources. They have strong adaptability to the local light, heat soil and soil conditions. The best mother.

What impressed Li Xiaojun most was 10 years ago. The seeds of Huangdi handed into the ground fell on the ground, miraculously growing three new seedlings, one of which grew to 14 cm. He said: "This shows that the 5,000 -year -old -in -law side has a breeding ability. Every year we collect its seeds, and some particles are very full. This is an important evidence of its breeding ability in a natural state."

In 2012, the Huangdi handbai was implemented by the cloning expansion protection project, and the experimental branches grew their lively rooting system. Seven cloned seedlings were implanted in the five rare tree germplasm resource libraries in southbound in southbound in southbound in Shaanxi respectively Garden and other places.

In 2016, the Yellow Emperor's Handbrangus Breeding Project was implemented in the Mid -Autumn Festival. The seeds were equipped with the Long March 2 launch of the carrier to travel to space.

On June 10, 2020, the Cangjie Hand -planting Pyroderrye seeds carried by the Long March 5 B -carrier Rockets returned from space and carried out the seed transfer ceremony.

"There are more than 180 space breeding seedlings in the Yellow Emperor Mausoleum, and they have grown well, and some are more than 2 meters high. Breeding seedlings through space seeds have better continuing the genes of Huangdi handbai, showing the endless life of the Chinese nation. Powerful vitality. "Li Xiaojun said proudly.

(Changjiang Daily reporter Ke Li Li Yuying)

【Edit: Zhang Jing】

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