The main force of the National Day flower bed -the standardized production and quality control of the garden Xiaoju "Xuanqiu" | Technology

Author | Zhang Hongmei

Garden chrysanthemums generally refer to the type of chrysanthemum type with strong branches, large flowers, dense flowers, good flowering, good flowering, and compact plant types. It is a commonly used flower in autumn landscape layout in the northern region. It has good landscape effects and ornamental value. In Beijing, especially during the National Day, Garden Xiaolu is an indispensable flower.

Prior to 2016, the garden Xiaolu used in the flower beds along Tiananmen Square and Changan Street during the National Day of Beijing was mainly foreign varieties. Although Xiaoju, a foreign garden, has excellent traits, has limited its use due to variety rights. Moreover, the domestic climate conditions of Xiaolu, a foreign garden, are also poor, and there are relatively few varieties during the National Day. In contrast, although the domestic garden Xiaoju is well adaptable, there is a gap between the variety quality traits and foreign varieties. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of flowers in gardens during the National Day and no longer restrained by foreign variety rights, Beijing Huamu Co., Ltd. began to select the selection of "Xuanqiu" series with independent intellectual property rights, and established a standardized production process and establishment of a standardized production process and establishment Quality control measures.

The "Xuanxuan" series of gardens officially replaced foreign varieties in Tiananmen Square during the National Day in 2014. By 2016, it has completely replaced foreign varieties. The "Xuan Qiu" series of gardens is small in color. The natural flowering period is in mid -to -late September. Therefore, it can bloom naturally during the National Day without the need to regulate. This series is strong in Beijing in Beijing, which can endure high humidity and high temperature weather in summer. It is a small chrysanthemum variety with excellent comprehensive characteristics in Beijing and surrounding areas. According to the author's many years of practical experience, the standards and quality control points and quality control of the "Xuanqiu" series of gardens are now.

▲ "Xuanqiu" series Xiaoju in 2016 Tiananmen Square flower bed application

At present, the small chrysanthemums of Beijing National Day garden generally use cutting breeding seedlings for production. The standardized production process is divided into two stages: standardized production and finished product standardized production.

Standardized production of seedlings

The garden chrysanthemum seedlings can be subdivided into four stages during the production period. In the first stage, from cuttings to healing wounded tissue, it is usually 3 to 5 days after cutting. In the second stage, the appearance of the healing tissue to the root system began to extend, usually 5 to 8 days after cutting. In the third stage, the root system began to extend to form a good root structure and can be transplanted, generally 8 to 11 days after cutting. In the fourth stage, the seedling stage, that is, from the formation of a good root structure to before the garden, it is generally 11 to 14 days after cutting.

▲ "Xuan Qiu" star light Xiaoju with independent intellectual property rights

Prepare the venue before cutting the seedlings before cutting, prepare the appropriate specifications, and the matrix is ​​fully mixed and moist. Points can be selected from 128 to 200 points. The matrix uses a loose and breathable soil -free formula, such as mixed peat and perlite for cuttings, with a ratio of 7: 3, or professional cutting base blocks. The matrix should be acidic, the pH value is controlled at 5.8 to 6.2, and the EC value is less than 0.2ms/cm.

Cuttings do a good job of pre -job training.

The seedling environmental control stage environmental control mainly includes temperature, light, and humidity.

The first and second stages of temperature seedlings are basically the same. The matrix temperature is 21 ° C to 23 ° C; the air temperature is 24 ° C to 27 ° C during the day, and the night should be 21 ° C to 23 ° C. After the third stage, the air temperature gradually decreased during the day and night to prevent long. By the fourth stage of refining seedlings, the temperature of the air during the day was reduced to 18 ° C to 22 ° C, and the night was 16 ° C to 18 ° C.

The light required for the entire seedling stage is gradually enhanced. Among them, the first and second stages should be appropriately shaded, and the light intensity should be strengthened from 5000lx to 10000LX to 10000lx ～ 20000LX. The third and fourth stage continued to increase to 30000lx ~ 50000lx. Throughout the seedling period, the strength of the light can be appropriately adjusted according to the growth status of the seedlings. If the seedlings have a long phenomenon in the later stage, the light strength can be appropriately increased, and the management of water and fertilizer can be controlled at the same time.

The humidity of the humidity period includes the relative humidity and the humidity of the air. The relative humidity of the air gradually decreases with the development of seedlings. In the first stage, the relative humidity of the air remained above 90%, and it could be used to keep the matrix humidity with intermittent fog or coverage of non -woven fabrics. The second stage maintains the relative humidity of the air 80%to 90%. In the third stage, the relative humidity of the air was 50%to 70%, and the intermittent fog or covered non -woven fabrics were stopped at night. In the fourth stage, the relative humidity of the air is 40%to 60%; the matrix maintains a regular wet and wet cycle, and the plants do not wither.

Water fertilizer management is first to keep the matrix moist, and the plants do not wither. Generally, fertilization is started after the healing tissue appears. Spraying nitrogen: Phosphorus: water -soluble compound fertilizer with potassium: 20: 10: 20, nitrogen concentration is 200 to 300 mg/liter, EC value is not higher than 0.65ms/cm, Essence During the third stage, the water -soluble compound fertilizer of nitrogen: phosphorus: phosphorus: potassium: 20: 10: 20 and 13: 2: 13 is applied once every 5 days, and the concentration of nitrogen is 250-300 mg/liter. In the fourth stage, maintain a regular dry and humid cycle, the plants do not wither, and stop fertilizing.

Seedlings cutting points and precautions cutting points. Before the cuttings, the matrix is ​​fully moist. When cutting, the guarantee matrix is ​​well contact with the cuttings. The depth of cutting should be 1.5 to 2.0 cm. After cutting, a slight fog spray can be sprayed and sprayed a bactericide within 12 hours.

Cuttings can be soaked for 10 minutes with 1,000 to 1500 mg/liter of olitic acid (IBA) solution with 1000 to 1500 mg/liter of oscotic acid (IBA) solution for 10 minutes. During fast dipping operations, the IBA solution should not pollute the cuttings of the cuttings. ▲ Xiaolu, Chang'an Street, National Day in 2021

The main points of standardized production of finished products

The standardized production points of the finished product of the garden Xiaolu mainly include venue selection, cultivation matrix formulation, water and fertilizer management, and pest control.

Selection of the venue selection of finished products should choose places with sufficient light, good ventilation, and water without water. Flat the venue before use, shop gardening, and disinfect the production venue.

The matrix of the matrix preparation is a general soil -free formula. It can be mixed with peat and particle size with a particle size of 3 to 5 mm (peat: perlite: the volume ratio of the perlite can be 8: 2 or 7: 3), and the substrate per cubic meter is 4 ～ 4 ～ 6 kg, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium control with 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium controls fertilizer.

The upper pot is determined based on the target flowering period, target crown and variety characteristics.

The target flowering period is from late September to early October, with a finished product with a crown of 40 to 60 cm. It uses 2 gallon pelvis and the upper pot is completed before June 5th. The centimeter pots are completed before June 15th; the finished product with a crown is 20 to 30 cm. The 13 cm two -color pot is used.

After the pelvation of water and fertilizer seedlings, it mainly includes the nutrition growth stage and the reproductive growth stage. The management of water and fertilizer at each stage is slightly different.

Two weeks before the pot, nitrogen: phosphorus: phosphorus: potassium: 14: 0: 14 and 20: 10: 20 alternate fertilizer, fertilize 2 to 3 times a week, and the concentration is 200 to 250 mg/liter. Seedlings need to be watered in time and start fertilizing. The subsequent nutritional growth stage was applied to 250 mg/liter of 20:10: 20 nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium water -soluble compound fertilizer.

When the diameter of the flower buds reaches 2 to 3 mm, enter the reproductive growth stage, and apply 250 mg/liter of 10: 30: 20 to the water -soluble compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and stop fertilizing until the flower bud is transparent.

In addition, the finished product production uses drip irrigation equipment for integrated water and fertilizer. Generally, when the seedlings are put on the pot, the drip irrigation equipment is laid when the root system touchs the wall.

The main diseases of the small chrysanthemums in the prevention and treatment of pests are gray mold, white rust, and withered disease. The main pests include aphids, chrysanthemum leaf flies, red spiders, thrips, whitefly, etc. The prevention and treatment of pests and diseases is mainly for prevention. In daily management, if there are signs of pests and insect pests, we must take preventive measures in time to prevent the expansion of disease infections and pest damage, and reduce losses caused by pests and insect pests.

▲ National Day Garden Xiaolu produced

quality control

To ensure that during the National Day, the "Xuanqiu" series of gardens Xiaolu showed the best state when the application of Tiananmen Square and Changan Street, and various measures need to be used to ensure the quality.

Ensuring quality varieties from the source is the root cause of the quality guarantee of the garden. In order to select the variety of small chrysanthemums with excellent quality of commercial garden, from the perspective of the market, set breeding targets according to commercial production needs, and conduct experiments and improvements through multiple breeding links such as the sowing period, cultivation method, breeding quantity, and screening standards. , Constantly adjust and improve, establish a small chrysanthemum commercialized breeding system, and form a standardized and standardized process, in order to effectively guarantee the quality of the "Xuanqiu" series of gardens.

Establish an international standard production technology system to ensure quality in accordance with the industry -recognized Dutch NAKTUINBOUW production quality requirements and product standards, and establish new varieties that meet the standards of breeding, virus detection, reproductive maternal non -toxic expansion, factoryization, factories International standards for chrysanthemum seedlings such as cuttings and non -sex seedlings production. According to the characteristics of varieties, market demand and international standards, the finished product production technology system of different specifications of self -cultivation varieties is established.

In order to realize the large -scale production of gardens, a series of green and efficient testing methods such as sample grinding bags, grinding liquid formulas, and results observation methods have been developed. The cost, truly realized the factory application of the virus detection system, and ensured the quality of the "Xuanqiu" series of gardens.

The variety improved in the flowering period regulating the past garden chrysanthemum varieties need to be accurate and strictly strictly controlled to ensure the best viewing period before and after National Day. Although mature technical measures have accurately regulated the production of garden Xiaoju, the adopted flowering regulation measures will bring increase in labor, material and time cost. The natural flowering period of Xiaolu, the selected "Xuanqiu" series garden, is generally in late September. It solves the various cost problems caused by the flowering period of the National Day flowers and improves production efficiency.

▲ The production of Xiaolu of the National Day Garden

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