Urban update, let the "public designer" participate in the drawing blueprint in depth

In recent years, my country's urban renewal model has gradually shifted from "big demolition and large construction" to "micro -update". The "Notice on Carrying out the First Batch of Urban Renewal Pilot Work" issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban -Rural Development in November 2021 is clear, and it will explore the sustainable mode of urban renewal in pilot cities. How to develop this update? Who said the plan? The reporter learned that most of the projects such as the reconstruction of the old community and the renovation of the neighborhood were dominated by the government. People gradually realized in the update that the purpose of city renewal is to improve the living environment of residents and meet the needs of various people's livelihood.

Nanjing has gradually increased the degree of public participation in urban renewal projects that are closely related to residents, and some update projects undergoing are also trying to "in -depth public participation." What is the operation of this transformation mode? Reporters were investigated.

The "noisy" residents' council can really "succeed"

On June 14th, the sun was shining. The reporter walked into the Xinchang Community of Hongyuan District, Jianye District, Nanjing. It was a spacious and flat asphalt road. The neatly parking cars were planned in an orderly manner. The old people experience fitness equipment in the community square, and the children are playing. "In the past, the road surface of the community was potholes. Whenever it rained, water was stagnant on the road, and the car stopped. Now it is fine, the ground is clean, the vehicle is regular!"

Hongyuan Xinyu Sancun Small Plaza

The successful reconstruction of the community is not easy. Each transformation details and each version of the transformation plan have participated in the community residents themselves. Therefore, everyone cherishes the updated community environment.

Hongyuan Xinyu was built in 1994 with a total of 31 buildings of 1902 buildings. In November 2020, the community was new. At the first residents' council, the residents turned the sky and put forward many transformation opinions.

Wu Nan, one of the founders of the Organization of the Council and the Ninghao Urban and Rural Update Promotion Center of Jianye District, Nanjing City, recalled that the transformation of the old community involved the vital interests of the residents. Essence He remembers that a aunt was too excited because of his emotions and took a table to leave. "The staff had to go to her house to continue talking."

Through residents' councils, Ninghao Urban and Rural Renewal Promotion Center sorted out 432 opinions put forward by residents. The opinions were mainly concentrated in the demolition and reform of old car sheds, infrastructure transformation, and public space use.

After the transformation, Hongyuan Xinyu Non -motorized Parks

In response to the demolition and reform of the oldest car sheds of residents, the community held six residents' councils. The original 19th car shed, only 8 were retained according to the new plan. The residents fry the pan, "How can 8 auto sheds?" Where to stay, where to reduce, and where to increase, after discussion of the residents' council, 20 auto sheds were finally transformed. In the brand -new open car shed, the reporter saw that the vehicle was placed in an orderly manner, and the smart charging equipment was equipped. It could be charged for 6 hours at 1 yuan. The price was very close to the people.

Participating in the reconstruction project of Hongyuan Xinyu is the "first experience" of Ninghao Urban and Rural Update Promotion Center. At that time, the organization was just established, and members include major universities, designers and community creation teams in Nanjing. Wu Nan said that this is a civilian non -profit social organization dedicated to urban renewal to create a more beautiful living environment and better interpersonal relationship.

Guiding residents to participate in the renovation and update of homeland, the community creation team led by Wu Nan has played a lot of role. Chen Xiaojian, deputy director of the Engineering Reserve Center of the Nanjing Urban and Rural Construction Committee, said that community builders are bridges between designers and residents. "People have a lot of opinions and their own personality. This requires community creators to communicate with ordinary people with their professional methods."

Ask the people, ask the people in order to be targeted

As one of the first 20 cities in the Ministry of Housing and Urban -Rural Development, Nanjing released the "Rules for Implementation of Land Implementation Land Implementation Land" in November 2021, which released the specific requirements for public participation during the implementation process during the implementation process.

For example, it is clearly stipulated that the signing rate of the relevant right holder in the project can apply for a construction project planning permit for 100%. If the signing rate does not reach 100%, it is necessary to meet certain conditions before you can apply for planning for planning. The "feasibility study" is required to conduct "first round of opinion consultation". In the design stage of the plan, "Encourage the establishment of a community planner system, help the property right holder to participate in the process of formulating the plan, and do a good job of communication and coordination with the implementation subject." A variety of public participation forms such as discussions and other people's opinions on the update plan for the property right holder and stakeholders. "

The "Implementation Detailed Rules" raised the "public opinion" to a crucial height, penetrating the entire process such as the design, the approval of the plan, and the implementation of the construction, and also mentioned the "encourage the establishment of a community planner system." As the chairman of the provincial survey statistics and statistical service industry association, Jiangsu Zhongchuang Market Research and Consulting Co., Ltd. often participates in the collection of public opinions. The company's research director Feng Xuewu noticed that in recent years, government departments have attached more and more attention to the collection of assistance decisions, evaluating risks, and increasing relevant group satisfaction. Public opinion solicitation of crowds and regions. In the specific concentration, we must investigate whether the object of public opinion solicit is satisfied, and it is necessary to reveal why the masses are dissatisfied and what specific problems need to be solved. The reporter found that the solicitation of public opinion in urban renewal was also made more detailed. The drying rack in front of the residential building of Heping Digou

In 2021, Heping Gully was included in the renovation plan of 108 old communities in Nanjing. "There are a lot of tug -of -saws in the community reconstruction process. At first, the design plan was a bit 'simple and rude'. Later, a lot of details were adjusted in combination with the actual needs of the residents." In the initial design, the community square was set as a fitness and leisure space, but it was unanimously opposed by residents. It turns out that the community goes out of the right dozen steps to go to Xuanwu Lake, and the left ten steps are the goddess gate park. The residents are not lacking in the place of exercise. In the end, the new side settled 8 drying racks on the square, and 10 drying racks in front of the residential building were also loaded to meet the needs of residents' drying needs.

During the transformation, Wang Hongshun, a 75 -year -old resident, brought a lot of opinions. "Some people think he is an old man who picks things up," Zhou Huijuan didn't think so. She hopes that residents can give more opinions and participate in more community transformation projects in order to truly do this people's livelihood.

The reconstructed Peace Digolou Tibetan

Nanjing's exploration of public participation in urban renewal has been in the past ten years. Chen Xiaojian told reporters that when construction projects involved closely related to the people's vital interests, they all asked ordinary people to sign and agree. Different projects require different ratios. If 100%of residents are required to install elevators can be implemented.

The government formulates a plan and then collects the opinions of residents. Residents can choose to "agree" or "disagree". Chen Xiaojian believes that this is equivalent to the "1.0 version" of the public participating in urban renewal. Although public opinion has become an important basis for decision -making, it has no interaction with the masses. Today, Nanjing is exploring a higher -level version, that is, "the public in -depth participation" cities update. At the beginning of the project, people should listen to the voice of the people. Design according to needs, and continuously communicate and interact, and adjust the plan. Feng Xuewu said on installing an elevator analysis on the old community that allowing residents to choose or "disagree" should be tried to avoid. In addition to designing "Comparison Agree", "Complete Agreement", and "Apparently", such as Understand the reasons for the deep dissatisfaction. Taking the amount of sharing as an example, maybe residents on the second floor can agree to install less, but how to share too much on the sixth floor may not agree to install it. It is necessary to ask "how much you will agree with the following costs. In order to install elevators, you can solicit the most authentic public opinion and make the project smoothly advance.

Urban renewal is not only the update of the project itself, but also the update of social governance models and urban development concepts. In order to explore the public participation mechanism in the promoted urban renewal, the Nanjing Municipal Construction Commission Engineering Reserve Center carried out the research on the "Practice and Application of Public Participation in Urban Update". Nanjing Mutual Aid Community Development Center. Chen Xiaojian hopes that the research team will eventually form a toolkit to participate in the establishment of a platform and find a path for the public.

Explore the public participation in long -term mechanism

On the one hand, "Public Participation in Practice and Application in Urban Renewal" On the one hand, it studied outstanding cases across the country, and on the other hand, relying on the renovation project of Taogu Xincun District in Nanjing to practice, we tried to integrate the "public participation" concept into the implementation process of the entire project.

Taogu Xincun District is an alley adjacent to Nanjing University in Gulou District. The cafe and small restaurants in the alley are very dense. At the beginning of this century, it was a bustling alley. Now it is like an old man in the twilight years. Mixed people and vehicles, "Spider Web" divided the sky. This district renewal project is planned to create a beautiful community through measures such as building facade repair, landscape nodes, stores to beautify, and improve living formats.

In October last year, the neighborhood update was officially launched, and the topics also started in a wide range of investigations. The research team established a communist group for questionnaires online, and conducted interviews on neighborhood residents and surroundings offline. A total of more than 400 opinions and suggestions were collected. When analyzing the questionnaire, there were unexpected situations of the research team. Chen Xiaojian and Wu Nan mentioned to reporters that residents generally believe that parking spaces on the roadside roads should be canceled. "I originally believed that there should be a large number of parking demand for the old community. I did not expect that the feedback from the people was just the opposite." This also made Chen Xiaojian deeply feel the importance of the collection of public opinion. "This also allows us to reflect. In the past, the government -led transformation project has some inefficient transformations due to the designer 'wishful wish'?"

In March of this year, the "Outstanding Future Forum" with the theme of block transformation was held. This is the first "residents' parliament" in the block. The residents who participated in the conference were active and spoken, and the atmosphere at the scene was very enthusiastic. Why is there no "noisy sky" this time? Wu Nan believes that the block is a public space, and the transformation does not touch the direct interests of residents. More importantly, fully investigating and visiting one -on -one visits before allowing residents to have good psychological expectations for the transformation. The reporter noticed that the organization of Tao Gu Xincun's "Outstanding Future Forum" was the joint creation committee of Tao Gu Xincun. What organization is this? Wu Nan said that this is a top -level design team composed of government departments, builders, designers, communities, operators, and social organizations. Its functions are the overall institutional construction and link resources of the Taogu New Village renewal project.

Compared with the "first experience" in Hongyuan Xinyu, Wu Nan's team appears to be more mature and organized on the work method of updating the project in Taogu Xincun District. Survey investigations and questionnaires, extensively solicit opinions of residents, and establish a connection with the residents to convene a meeting of residents, looking forward to future forums, and merchants. After the plan was released, the residents' opinions were also held. Wu Nan said, "With so many links, the purpose is to promote everyone's understanding of this matter."

The collection of public opinion, which is closely related to the people, should not only use the grassroots forces such as street communities and properties as much as possible, but also to interview and obtain data from family and residents. This is also Feng Xuewu's practical experience. She said that polls for concentrated residents' symposiums, councils, and other forms can spend less energy to get more information. If random visits and communication are not told, they can get the most authentic information. "After understanding some situations, attend the symposium This can get more real feedback. "

From "to me to change" to "I want to change", the concept needs to be changed

On April 25 this year, Nanjing announced the "Implementation Plan for Nanjing City Update Pilot", which has attracted widespread attention.

The lotus pond is a historical area south of Nanjing Old Town, and it is also a dense residential area. The building layout is chaotic, the house is dilapidated, the infrastructure is weak, the per capita residence area is less than 10 square meters, and there are also hidden fire hazards. On May 10, the protection and regeneration planning and design plan of the Historical and Cultural District of Lotus Pond stated that more than 70%of residential functions were proposed to be retained, and residents were encouraged to update independently in accordance with the principle of "wish to change".

The principle of in -depth participation in the public will run through the project. Zhang Jian, manager of the preliminary development department of Nanjing History City Protection and Construction Group, told reporters that in order to strengthen the in -depth participation of residents, the project has established a multi -main community co -construction center with the four -main community of the four platforms of the party and mass centers. Among them, the communist platform consists of the street, district renewal office, community planner, and community builders to publicize and update policies, understand the wishes of residents, and formulate a solution strategy to residents.

The public participation model of the project, Zhang Jian called it "combined from top to bottom and bottom -up", that is, based on the overall planning, combined with each household's wishes to formulate "one house, one policy, one household, one design" Update strategy. The project does not pursue speed and efficiency. "Update will be a dynamic process. For example, today some residents are willing to update, and we will do it. For the time being, we will wait for the time being. No longer transform as before." Zhang Jian said.

Such a promotion timeline brings the problem of updating the concept of residents. Zhang Jian said that in the past, the demolition in the old area made residents inherently impressions. After patiently promoting the residents, the city's update was not built. The concept of residents slowly changed. Chen Xiaojian also believes that the biggest difficulty of the public to participate in urban renewal is the change of ideas. In addition to the people, government departments at all levels, design and construction units at all levels require the new model of public participation in urban renewal.

Government departments should update the concept of public opinion. In Feng Xuewu's view, we must first achieve data sharing between departments. Before the collection of public opinion for specific areas, crowds, and projects, a more accurate "portrait" The survey is more targeted. During the implementation, especially for the people's livelihood projects to broaden the collection channels, "to choose different channels for all possible groups to choose different channels, and let them take the initiative to join the feedback."

Urban public spaces such as urban public space are also beneficial to strengthening public participation. "The people's city is built. Only by guiding them to participate, exerting their creativity, and forming collective wisdom and decision -making, can they create a city that satisfies the people." Chen Xiaojian said.

Xinhua Daily · Jiaojiao Reporter Liu Xia Yang Yang Chen Yuefei

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