Tianjin: fire broke out of high -rise buildings, knowing that these are important

Housing buildings and buildings with a building height of 27m are more than 24m of non -single -storey factories warehouses and other civil buildings that are high -rise buildings. According to data from the Fire Rescue Bureau of the Emergency Management Department, a total of 4057 high -rise buildings were reported in 2021, causing 168 people to die, and the number of deaths increased by 22.6%over the previous year. Why is the "lethality" of high -rise buildings fire so much? Simply understand the three characteristics of such fire:

01 Flammable and combustion outside thermal insulation material

Flammable and combustible external insulation materials have become an important "accomplice" for high -rise buildings. my country has implemented building energy -saving policies since 2005. One of the main measures is to increase the insulation layer on the outer wall. Due to the insufficient awareness of the risk of insulation materials for the outer wall, there is no clear specification of the combustion performance of the materials. Or flammable and combustible materials such as polyurethane hard foam. These materials are extremely flammable and spread quickly. After burning, a large amount of toxic flue gas is generated, and the fire is very risk.

02 "Chimming Effect"

The "chimney effect" caused the fire of high -rise buildings to spread rapidly. The "chimney effect" refers to the phenomenon of rising or decreased air along the space of the vertical slope, causing the air to strengthen the convection. After the fire occurs in high-rise buildings, the flue gas is 3- The speed of 4m/s spread vertically, which can quickly ignite the entire building.

03 "Wind help fire"

"Wind helps fire" makes it difficult to control high -rise buildings. According to the determination, the wind speed of 5m/s at the building at 10M at 10M; the wind speed of the 30M high is 8.7m/s; the 60M high wind speed is 12.3m/s; the 90M high wind speed is 15m/s. Because the faster the upward wind speed, the faster the wind speed, after the fire occurs, the fire occurs. Often, the wind helps fire, the fire borrows the wind, the more and more prosperous.

High -rise buildings have strict fire safety requirements and fire prevention design at the time of construction. Fire prevention partitions, normally closed fire doors, positive pressure air supply systems, automatic water spray fire extinguishing systems, fire automatic alarm systems, fire control rooms, etc. Control the fire.

However, high -rise buildings, complex functions, dense personnel, dangerous sources, and large fires. Once the fire occurs, there is still a lot of difficulty in evacuation and fire of fire. Learn and master skills.

How can I escape when encountering high -level fires?

01

Please call the fire police call "119" immediately, and quickly press the fire alarm button to warn other residents as much as possible under the conditions permit.

02

When the fire source is determined and the fire is controllable, you should not panic, you should use the surrounding fire extinguishers, fire hydrant and other fire protection facilities and equipment to assist in the initial fire. If the fire is in an obvious out of control, you can escape and rescue it according to the "three tips".

Tip 1: Smokeless escape quickly

Touch the door lock before opening the door. If the temperature is not high, there is no smoke in the staircase, and quickly escape down the stairs. When passing through the stairwell, close the fire door.

(In the process of escaping downwards, if the smoke spreads upward and the temperature rises sharply with the temperature, it is very likely that the evacuation channel below has been blocked by strong smoke fire. , Press "Temporary Two" to retreat to reinforcement).

Tips 2: strong smoke retreat to support for help

If the door lock is very high or there are thick smoke when the door is opened, it should be retreated to reinforcement. Use clothing, sheets, etc. to block the door gaps, splash water to cool down and smoke. At the same time, call the "119" to report the important location information such as the trapped floors and rooms, and send a help signal for help at the position near the window.

Tip 3: Find the fire refuge layer

What is a fire refuge layer? Houses or public buildings with a height of more than 100 meters must set up a fire refuge layer. In the case of escape, people can evacuate to the refuge layer nearby. The role of the refuge is to avoid the fire to prevent the smoke from entering the people to cause damage to personnel and wait for firefighters to rescue the scene.

According to the current domestic 50 -meter cloud ladder fire rescue vehicle, it is stipulated that the height from the first floor to the first refuge layer is not more than 50 meters in order to use the cloud ladder car for rescue. Firefighting refuge cannot live, and cannot be occupied by debris. It is equipped with fire hydrant, fire -fighting telephone, air supply system, self -spraying system, and broadcasting system.

So how can we quickly identify the refuge when escape?

You can understand a picture

There are three points of attention to the escape of high -rise buildings:

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