Master's interpretation 丨 former deputy dean of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Cai Yan: Promoting social flow is the key to building a shared society

Zhejiang News Client reporter Zhou Yuhan

The 15th Party Congress of the Provincial Party proposed that in the high -quality development, striving to promote the common prosperity of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the modernization of the provincial region, we must highlight the work orientation of co -construction and sharing, and strive to create a new situation of social development with great livelihood. Essence How to stimulate the new vitality of the whole society and promote the joint struggle of all peoples to create a better life together? Cai Yan, the former vice president of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and chief expert of the national high -end think tank, accepted an interview with our reporter. He believes that an important way is to continuously break the obstacles of various systems and mechanisms and promote and expand social flow.

Promote horizontal flow and vertical flow

Cai Yan believes that sufficient social flows first mean that opportunities are equal, and opportunities can become reality through hard work. In terms of connotation, social flow mainly includes two aspects: horizontal flow and vertical flow.

The main body of the horizontal flow is labor flow. The labor market is an important part of the production factor market. Cai Yan said that the central government proposed to establish a large unified market in the country, which also included a good and loose policy environment internally, and promoted the full and free flow of labor, including cross -regional, urban and rural, industries and industries, and different types of enterprises. The flow. At present, the primary task of widening horizontal flow is to implement employment priority strategies and positive employment policies, combine the labor market system with public employment services, and improve the labor participation rate of capable and willing population. In addition, it is necessary to further improve the initial distribution system, streamline the distribution pattern, and reduce the income gap. Focusing on the "expansion" and "lowering", Zhejiang not only proposes eight major paths such as employment, activation, and development channels in the "common" dimension to promote the implementation of inclusive policies. Nine groups of workers, new employment practitioners, and migrant workers into the city took the lead in launching a number of differentiated income distribution incentive policies. Cai Yan added suggestions that as the population aging accelerates, the elderly group is also an important group to achieve co -construction and sharing. It should pay more attention to the employment of elderly groups, so that the elderly with labor needs and ability also have reasonable channels to increase income, and income, and income, and income, and income, and income, and income, income, income, and income, and income, and income, income, and income, and income, and income, income, and income, and revenue, income, and income. Implement value.

Only everyone upward is common prosperity. "Promoting social flow can prevent social class solidification." Cai Yan said that when economic and social development enters the period of high -speed or medium -speed growth, the flow of labor has also slowed down. At this time, the upward and vertical flow is even more important. Otherwise, zero -sum game is prone to appear. "It is equivalent to squeezing a bus. After you squeezed up, I dropped from the front, and this possibility will happen, and there will be a certain social conflict." If it emphasizes competitiveness and openness, vertical flow depends more on the government's public policy. Therefore, it is necessary to speed up the institutional mechanism obstacles, establish a more complete public policy system, and build a ladder that flows upward in terms of education level, occupation type, income grouping, and social identity.

Promoting horizontal flow and vertical flow, which is conducive to creating a social environment that encourages innovation and work hard to become rich, inspires to create excellence, co -build and share, enhance low -income groups to increase income, strengthen middle -income groups, and help form an olive social structure.

Social mechanism for forming sharing development results

The Provincial Party Congress report proposes that the strategic position of social construction is comprehensively improved, the effective mechanism of the private affairs of the private affairs, and coordinating the promotion of social undertakings, social security, social structure, social units, and social policy changes. The Wagner Law shows that with the improvement of development, government expenditure, especially social expenditure, will also increase simultaneously. Cai Yan pointed out that Zhejiang should provide experience in reference and replication for the realization of common prosperity in the country, significantly improving social expenditure and the level of basic public services.

Cai Yan said that "dividing cakes" has become a necessary condition for "making big cakes". The micro -power that expands social flow comes from the combination of hard work and market incentive mechanism of everyone. In order to improve the efficiency, the market's survival of the fittest does not need to protect the inefficient market entities and excess capacity, and it may not even protect those industries and positions that do not meet the comparative advantages. At this time, the government needs to play a role in ensuring the people's livelihood, providing inclusive social protection, social support, and social welfare system, so that everyone can share the results of increasing labor productivity. At the same time, the full coverage and equalization of basic public services can also be relieved. It can also relieve the people's worries about basic people's livelihood, enhance development confidence in development, and devote themselves to the creation of a better life.

"We must work harder in the field of redistribution." Cai Yan emphasized that the core is to improve the public services and social security systems that cover all people and the full life cycle through taxation and transfer payment. The specific field is the "seven Youyou" goal proposed by the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China: young cultivation, learning and teaching, income from labor, medical treatment, old and living, living, weak, weak, weak, weak Support. Among them, learning is the most fundamental. First, the development and fairness of education are the key moves to block the intergenerational cycle of poverty and improve social liquidity; the second is that the increase in human capital can effectively promote economic growth. To this end, he urged to increase its efforts to improve education, especially to extend the average education period.

Zhejiang is a large province of private economy. The high -quality development of the private economy provides a unique advantage for achieving the first rich belt, then wealth, the first rich gang, and then the rich. Cai Yan said that enterprises' participation in social construction must not only stay in donations, donations, charity, etc., but also to establish a people -oriented development concept, assume more social responsibilities in business activities, and achieve productivity improvement and social sharing of "win -win". It is necessary to open up the business areas that are more conducive to improving the level of human development, promoting social flow, improving people's livelihood, and promoting sustainable development through policy guidance, government subsidies and corporate innovation. For example, expand the spirit of enjoying the spirit of residents and increase the supply of services such as human capital; expand the family budget curve through the socialization of family care activities, so that people can better balance the relationship between labor participation in fertility, raising, and education for children. Promote green investment that promotes sustainable development and cope with climate change; re -establish technological innovation and technical application orientation, create more employment opportunities and high -quality jobs, and so on. Eliminate urban and rural dual structures and improve co -construction sharing efficiency

The Provincial Party Congress will incorporate "focus on promoting higher levels of urban and rural integration" and incorporate the "10 efforts" of the "two advances" of the "two advances" in the next five years. Cai Yan pointed out that eliminating the dual structure of urban and rural areas is the most Chinese characteristics and a very popular reform of dividends, and is the core measure to promote social liquidity.

On the one hand, the current supply side and demand side are facing the constraints brought by population changes. According to Cai Yan's research, if the proportion of agricultural labor in the country during the "14th Five -Year Plan" period is reduced by 10 percentage points, it will increase by more than 80 million non -agricultural labor, which is equivalent to an annual increase of 2.7%of the non -agricultural employment population, which will greatly increase the potential for growth. On the other hand, the formation and consolidation of olive social structure is not the natural result of the overall income level, but it is necessary to implement necessary social policies and promote necessary social reforms. After poverty alleviation, low -income groups and migrant workers entering the city are the key groups that realize the increase in middle -income groups, but there is still a certain gap between the income level between urban and rural areas and the level of public service. Household registration is also likely to lead to unstable employment and labor compensation that cannot be improved according to the improvement of labor productivity. It is not guaranteed to be the same as public service guarantee as the household registration population.

Therefore, he suggested to accelerate the transfer of agricultural labor transfer employment, unblock urban and rural economic circulation and social flow, and tap the efficiency of resource reorganization. The first is to improve agricultural labor productivity, vigorously implement the strategy of rural revitalization and the "strong science and technology agriculture, mechanical strong agriculture" actions, gradually increase agricultural operating scale and the value -added of unit labor, transfer and release labor force, and realize the modernization of agricultural and rural areas. The second is to further promote the new type of urbanization with the core of human beings, accelerate the reform of the household registration system with the citizen of migrant workers, and further promote the transformation of the horizontal flow of urban and rural areas to the vertical flow.

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