The 30th anniversary of the Chinese manned space engineering: the future of the dream of the dream can be expected

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, September 21st: The 30th Anniversary of China Manned Aerospace Project: Future of Dream Following the Sky

Xinhua News Agency reporters Hu Yan and Li Guoli

On September 21, 30 years ago, the Chinese manned space project was implemented.

From unmanned flight to people flying, from one day to multiple people, from the cabin to the outlet activities, from single boat flight to the stable operation of the combination ... The construction and development of the manned space project for 30 years is The important content of building an innovative country and a strong scientific and technological country is the specific practice of realizing the Chinese dream and aerospace dreams. It has played an important role in showing comprehensive national strength, serving national strategies, promoting scientific and technological innovation, and promoting economic and social development.

Stable from zero starting steadily

The scale of manned space engineering is large, the system is complex, and the technical difficulty is high. At the beginning of the project's project, it was a piece of white paper and a hand.

When engineering demonstration and project establishment, scientific researchers boldly proposed the technical routes of three -cabin spacecraft composed of a pushing cabin, return compartment and rail compartment. The safety design is the core of the spacecraft design. Later, it became a round -trip transportation tool between the space station and the ground, laying a solid foundation for the next development of manned space.

In addition, from an economical perspective, consider a multi -purpose ship. When the spacecraft completes the rail running task, the rail cabin is left to fly, and a large number of spatial science experiments can be carried out.

From the flying sky in 1999, to the first manned flight of Shenzhou 5 in 2003, the Chinese nation ’s millennium flying dreamer, and then in 2005 Shenzhou 6 to achieve many people flying for many days. In 2008, Shenzhou VII Completed the Chinese people's first space walking and the Chinese flag fluttered in space for the first time.

In the first stage of the "three steps" of the manned space project, through a large number of core technologies with independent intellectual property rights through breakthrough technology, guiding navigation and control technology, and liquid circuit protection technology, the Shenzhou series spacecraft was deeply hit The imprint of "Made in China" and "Created in China" has made my country the third country in the world that can send people to space independently in the world, and also the third country that can independently carry out space science experiments that can participate in space.

Climb the peak at the new journey

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee has attached great importance to the development of the aerospace industry, clearly put forward the aerospace dream, and emphasizes that the aerospace dream is an important part of the dream of a strong country. Under the strong leadership of the party, Chinese manned spaceflight embarked on a new journey.

On June 11, 2013, Shenzhou 10 manned spacecraft was successfully launched. The three astronauts Nie Haisheng, Zhang Xiaoguang, and Wang Yaping have completed one automatic and one hand control and docking in space. Scientific experiments and technical experiments. 15 days later, on June 26, the spacecraft returned to the ground safely. This is the first applied flight of my country's manned round -trip transportation system, marking the second step of the project to achieve a staged major victory.

Through the development and development of Shenzhou 10 and the successful completion of the track mission, my country has broken through the basic technologies of the humanized design of the spatial combination and the basic technologies of the space station construction, and establishes the heavens and the earth's round -trip transportation system, so that my country has fully grasped the automatic and manual control of the spacecraft and manual control. Technologies such as meeting docking and spacecraft, especially marking the increasingly mature round -trip transportation system of Shenzhou spacecraft as my country -manned world, and laid the technical foundation for the implementation of the third step development plan of my country's manned aerospace.

In 2016, the multi -purpose spacecraft shrinking ratio of the Long March 7th flight was successfully returned, which verified the new pneumatic shape of the return capsule of the new generation of multi -purpose spacecraft and broke through a number of key technologies; The 11th manned flight task was for the first time to achieve the medium -term stop of the astronauts, and a number of spatial science and application tasks reflecting the international science cutting edge and high -tech development direction were carried out.

In 2017, my country launched the Tianzhou No. 1 freight ship, which broke and verified key technologies such as the transportation of space stations and the advancement of the pushing agent in the rail replenishment. The flight task achieved a complete success. At this point, the second step of the manned space project ended.

Continuous struggle futures

Building a space station and building a national space laboratory is an important goal of achieving the "three steps" strategy of manned aerospace project. It is an important leading project for building a strong science and technology and a aerospace power.

The main task of the third step of manned space engineering is "Building Space Station to solve the problem of large -scale, long -term care space applications."

On April 29, 2021, the Long March 5 Lane Rockets sent the Chinese Space Station Tianhe CEM to space to promote the construction of my country's space station into a comprehensive implementation stage. The Chinese ushered in the first warm and comfortable space home. From May to October of the same year, Tianzhou II freight spacecraft, Shenzhou 12 manned spacecraft, Tianzhou -3 freight ships, and Shenzhou 13 manned spacecraft were successively sent to space. Among them, Shenzhou 12 astronauts stayed for 3 months, and Shenzhou 13 Aerospace staff stayed for 6 months to set up multiple "firsts" of Chinese aerospace.

On April 16, 2022, Shenzhou 13 manned spacecraft returned to the cabin to land successfully.The key technical verification phase of the China Space Station is successfully completed, and it has entered the stage of comprehensive construction.On June 5th, Shenzhou 14 manned spacecraft successfully sent Chen Dong, Liu Yang, and Cai Xuzhe to the space, and officially opened the 6 -month space journey, marking the first manned of the Chinese space station task to transfer to the construction stageThe task is officially opened.On July 24th, the first experimental cabin of my country's space station was the most important single -secret cabin in my country to date under the support of the Long March 5 carrier rocket, and it flew to the air for nine days. The task is successfully completed on schedule.In 2022, China Space Station will eventually complete the "T -shaped" construction task, and the Chinese flying dream will be higher.

[Editor in charge: Zhou Chuqing]

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