Seeing the development of Chengdu in one generation

Hongxing News Network comprehensively reports farmers, and the great cause of the world. 4500 years ago, when the ancient Shu ancestors sowed the first rice species in the field, the history of rice planting in the Chengdu Plain was opened. Rice from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River grows and reproduce on this land, witness the rise and prosperity of ancient Shu civilization, and witness the development history of the Southwest city of Chengdu. The rich products and unique geographical locations have given the mission of the Chengdu Plain strategic base and the rear. In this sense, the Chengdu Plain has been a "Chinese granary" since ancient times.

Rice millet

The ancient city of Baodun lays the foundation of the farming civilization of the country of Tianfu

The Baodun site is located on Pingchou Wo Ye, Baidun Village, Xinjin District. 4500 years ago, the ancient Shu ancestors built the city, cultivated, and lived on this land. The solid city walls they left were in a pier in a stroke in thousands of years. It is these mounds that stand on the fields that guide archeologists to discover this long history that was once regarded as ancient legends.

▲ The Step in Baodun Site excavated the suspected aerial photography of the paddy field in 2020. The picture is provided by Chengdu Cultural Relics and Archeology Institute

The site of Baodun Ancient City is the earliest and largest prehistoric city site in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in my country. It is also the first large -scale settlement of human settlement in the Chengdu Plain. On June 7, 2021, the Chengdu Cultural Relics Archaeological Research Institute announced the latest archaeological results of Xinjin Baodun site-Following the relics such as carbonized rice such as carbonized rice 4500 years ago in the site in recent years Among them, the earliest rice fields in Chengdu Plain were discovered.

▲ Carbonized rice was unearthed from the site of Baodun. The picture is provided by Chengdu Cultural Relics and Archeology Institute

Why do the ancient Shu ancestors think of food? Through plant archeology, the carbonized rice, crickets, millet and other plant relics of 4,500 years ago were discovered. Through the analysis of the proportion of rice, crickets, and millet unearthed in different relics. , And plant millet and crickets, at the same time collecting wild peas, barley and other plants as a supplement to plants. According to animal archeology, archeologists have also found that the ancestors of Baodun have begun to domesticate and raise livestocks such as home pigs, dogs, and family pigs as the main means to obtain meat resources. The dense vegetation and abundant water systems around the Pao Dun cultural settlement provides wild vegetables, wild fruits, fish, and even salary firewood and building materials.

Under the changes in agricultural production and lifestyle, the richness of food has greatly promoted the development of the prehistoric culture of the Chengdu Plain. A large number of Baodun Cultural Sites represented by the ancient city of Qixian County and Wenjiang Fish City, Phase III. The area emerges.

The history of rice cultivation and planting extends to Sichuan area

Agricultural civilization in the Sanxingdui period towards a new height

The tables of the ancient Shu people have been evolving. In the period of Sanxingdui culture, the cultivation of rice cultivation and cultivation extended to Sichuan region, pushing the agricultural civilization of the ancient Shu Kingdom to a new height.

In 1986, the Sanxingdui site reappeared the world for the first time. At that time, the technical means of plant archeology were relatively lacking, causing plant relics to bury it under the earth for decades. Since 2012, archeologists in Sichuan have begun to carry out plant archeology at the Sanxingdui site, restore the impact of agricultural production activities on the development of social production and life. By studying the interaction of plants and crowds, they interpret the history of no text records. In 2022, carbonized rice appeared in the "sacrifice pit" site of Sanxingdui. People further confirmed that the rations of the ancient Shu Kingdom were mainly rice.

▲ Many pottery pots, pottery tanks, pottery cans such as Sanxingdui sites have unearthed.

Among the cultural relics unearthed from Samsung Dou, many pottery of ancient Shu people was unearthed. These pottery is mainly used as a wine device for wine. Being brewing shows the unprecedented development of Sanxingdui agriculture, and rice is the main raw material of winemaking. From this we can imagine that at that time, the large -scale food harvest of the ancient Shu Kingdom at that time not only met the needs of self -sufficient meals, but also used excess grain to make wine. During the Sanxingdui period, the local agricultural richness was evident. There were a lot of ripe rice, chickens and dogs, and peaceful and prosperous civilized scenes.

Golden Sand Sun God Bird Connected Season Change

The ancient Shu ancestors cleverly used the timely farming

In the period of Sands Culture, agriculture was more prosperous. The jinsha site sacrifice area found three kinds of grains: rice, millet and crickets. From the perspective of quantity, rice is more than 80%of them, and the most period can reach 100%. The proportion of millet and crickets is low, and the number of millet is more than the cricket. It can be inferred that from the late Shinkishi to the beginning of the Shang Dynasty, the agricultural structure of the ancient Shu ancestors in the sacrifice area of ​​the Jinsha site is mainly rice, and there are small amounts of millet and crickets. This is consistent with the structure of other sites at the same time, indicating that the Chengdu Plain has a very stable crop structure.

In Sanxingdui, the bronze solar wheels have always been the top priority of cultural relics. The five fingers in the large circle of the solar wheel disk indicate the five elements of "golden wood, water, fire and soil". Based on the five -star, the seasonal changes and general weather can help agriculture. Production.

▲ Sun God Bird Picture Source: Visual China

The Sands Sun God Bird is more accurate than the Sanxingdui solar wheels, indicating that the four seasons are twelve months. Each three -foot bird corresponds to 3 months, representing a season, spring, summer, autumn, and four seasons reincarnation. This shows that the ancient Shu people have mastered the knowledge of four o'clock and can arrange farm work in a timely manner based on the different characteristics of the four o'clock.

Shu County guards Li Bing to build Dujiangyan

The country of Tianfu was born

Du Fu has poems: Jun did not see Qin Shishu's eunuch, engraved the stone as three rhinos. Since ancient times, although there is a disgusting method, the natural river has flowed east. The Shu people boast for a thousand years, and the overflowing is not close to Zhang Yilou ... The ancient Shu has more water, and the Chengdu plains are especially. In 276 BC, Li Bing served as the guardian of Shu County, built Dujiangyan, cut off the harm of the water. Wear the Erjiang Chengdu, irrigate the three counties, open rice fields, thousands of years, and irrigate for thousands of years. As a result, "Water and drought are from people, don't know hunger, there is no shortage of years, and the world is also called‘ Tianfu ’.”

▲ Dujiangyan Picture Source: Figure Worm

Dujiangyan is a large -scale comprehensive water conservancy project that has both flood control, irrigation, and shipping. Its engineering system is mainly divided into two parts, one is the main project of the canal project. Using the principles of river dynamics, through the clever design of the inside and outside rivers, it solves the Chengdu Plain of the Chengdu Plain. Flood disasters; another part is the shipping irrigation system, forming a tree -shaped water -free canal system in the Chengdu Plain and nearby hills.

In the short term, the Chengdu Plain has jumped into an important granary of the Qin Kingdom, making Bashu truly become a strategic rear of the Qin Kingdom and the rich economy, and changed the long -term parallel of Qin, Chu, and Qi Sanqiang from the strength. In 221 BC, Qin Shihuang unified China. It can be said that Sichuan provides an important source of supply for the Six Kingdoms of Qin Kingdom.

Kingdom of Tianfu

The most important strategic base and the rear

"Water and droughts from people, don't know hunger." Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project made the Chengdu Plain a "country of Tianfu". Sichuan is dangerous to be rich and unified. After thousands of years, it has occupied the Sichuan Basin. The kingdom of Tianfu became the outpost and fortress operating the Southwest of the Central Plains dynasty.

In history, Chengdu Plain has always been one of the most important strategic bases in China. From the Qin and the princes to the Yuan Dynasty to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty, we must first take Shu and set the world. Chu and Han dynasties, "Yizhou Lien, Wo Ye Qianzhang, Tiangfu soil", Liu Bang made it into an emperor's industry. The Shuhan eager for Chengdu, three points in the world.

From the Qin and Han dynasties to the War of Resistance Against Japan, in countless wars, the grain and grass in the Chengdu Plain was continuously sent to the front line, which can be called the rear of the national resource reserve. In the Tang Dynasty, Sichuan became a place for the emperor several times. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Sichuan also performed the most lasting resistance in the face of the Yuanjun iron hoof. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, Sichuan became China's last strategic support. One inch of mountains and rivers and a blood, 3.5 million Sichuan Army out of the basin, "No Sichuan". According to He Yingqin, for eight years of the War of Resistance Against Japan First, more than 640,000 casualties were the crown of the country. In the mid -1960s, in the face of the increasingly tense international situation, the basic facilities of national defense, technology, industrial and transportation were gradually shifted from east to west, and Sichuan became a "three -line construction" heavy town.

Millennium granary

Create three thousand years of fireworks world

From the late Warring States Period to the Qin and Han dynasties, Guanzhong, Bashu, and Hexi have successively became China's "new granary". Relying on these "granary", Xianyang, Changan and Chengdu have also become famous cities.

During the Emperor Hanwen, the eunuch of Shu County, "Weng through the river mouth, irrigated the thousands of hectares of the fields," further expanded the number and scale of Liangtian. "Huayang Guozhi" records the "Spring Rice Field" of Fanxian (now Xintin), Jiangyuan County (now Chongzhou Realm) "has good rice fields", "Mianhe and 雒 (now Mianzhu, Guanghan, Deyang area) each produced each. Crops, thirty will be received acres, and there are fifty dendrobium. " At that time, Sichuan's rice output was so high that it could not only meet local needs, but also often relieve other areas where natural disasters suffered. "Han Book" records: In the early years of the Han Dynasty, Guanzhong's famine, Liu Bang ordered the hungry people to "eat Shu Han"; during the period of Emperor Hanwu, "Shandong was disaster" and the Yuan Ding period "water moved to Jiangnan", and the food in the Bashu area also used to be. It is continuously transported to the disaster area to rescue the victims.

In the Tang Dynasty, Yangzhou and Chengdu were also called "Yangyi Yi Er". The Jiangnan and Bashu behind them were all pivotal rice granaries. The construction of water conservancy facilities has opened a large number of wasteland in the early Tang Dynasty, as well as the cultivation methods such as the promotion rooms and species of Shuzhong, and expanded the planting of economic crops such as hemp, tea, mulberry, and orange. area. During the Song Dynasty, the Sichuan people built terraces. The level of farming technology and the area of ​​food units increased significantly, laying a strong material foundation for rural development of commodity production; The self -sufficient self -sufficient single business pattern supplemented by raw materials gradually broke through; during the Qing Dynasty, Sichuan farmers' fields and rice rice, mixed grains of mountain seeds, used for each other, and refined in local conditions.

Flexible products, convenient water transportation, and prosperous business have made Chengdu write a shining chapter in history. In the Han Dynasty, "prepared the five capitals", the Tang Dynasty "Yang Yi Yi two", the economic proportion of the fourth road in the Song Dynasty accounted for more than 30 % of the country.

When 4500 years ago, the ancient Shu ancestors spilled the first rice into the fertile soil of the Chengdu Plain. This small seed, from then on germination, unplugging, raising flowers, and dumping ... Ancient Shu civilization has witnessed the fireworks of the three thousand years of Chengdu, and will always thrive and reproduce.

▲ Chengdu Farmland Picture Source: Tuwa

- END -