The construction and development of the marriage and family maternity policy database

On August 17, 2022, 17 departments including the National Health and Health Commission and the National Development and Reform Commission issued the "Guiding Opinions on Further Importing and Implementing Active Fertility Support Measures". Professor Li Zi has established a database of international, domestic marriage and family fertility policies to provide data support for improving marriage and family fertility policies and its policy assessment. What is the original intention of building a database? What is the extent and scale of the current database construction? How to use the database to support the adjustment and improvement of marriage and family fertility in reality? Chinese Women's Daily All -Media reporters and Professor Li Zi started a in -depth dialogue.

■ Chinese Women's Daily All -Media Trainee Reporter Bai Chen

Reporter Cai Shuangxi

On August 17, 2022, 17 departments including the National Health and Health Commission and the National Development and Reform Commission issued the "Guiding Opinions on Further Importing and Implementing Active Maternity Support Measures", requiring to accelerate the establishment of an active fertility support policy system. Professor Li Zi, Dean of the School of Public Management of Chongqing University of Technology, has established a database of international, domestic marriage and family fertility policy to provide data support for improving the marriage and family fertility policy and its policy assessment. What is the original intention of building a database? What is the extent and scale of the current database construction? How to use the database to support the adjustment and improvement of marriage and family fertility in reality? Chinese Women's Daily All -Media reporters and Professor Li Zi started a in -depth dialogue.

my country's total population growth slows down: the construction of a database of marriage and family fertility policy

Reporter: Facing the slowdown of my country's total population growth, you have proposed a brand new concept of building a marriage and family maternity policy database. Please talk about the original intention of building a database.

Li Zi: Human marriage and family fertility policy is an important part of human public policy. Generally, the evaluation of human marriage and family fertility policies is very difficult. With the continuous development of social computing methods, the assessment of marriage and family fertility policy has ushered in new development opportunities, and both China and the world are facing the marriage policy of marriage and family. Evaluating the actual effects of marriage and family fertility policies are important issues that the government and academic circles are very concerned. To this end, it is urgent to build a database of international, domestic marriage and family fertility policy, to provide data support for improving marriage and family fertility policies and its policy assessment, and provide decision -making support for family development and human happiness and long -term balanced development.

Reporter: As a storage space for many data, the database can imagine a very large system. What is the degree and scale of the database construction of marriage and family fertility policy?

Li Zi: The database of the marriage and family fertility policy that has been constructed is composed of two parts: international database and domestic database. The international database covers more than 40 countries and regions, including member states of economic cooperation and development organizations. The earliest database dates back to the 1960s, covering three main databases including family structure, family member employment, and family public policy. Essence Among them, the family structure database includes 14 sub -databases such as family size, marriage status, partner relationship, fertility, and children. Family members' employment databases include the employment status of women, the difference in gender, subjective happiness, and life satisfaction. Family public policy databases include 19 sub -databases including maternity leave, parenting leave, childcare services, extracurricular care, and public expenditures for family benefits. The domestic database contains more than 20 variable information such as marriage leave, maternity leave, breastfeeding leave, breastfeeding leave, parenting leave, maternity insurance, and allowance policy in various provinces, districts, and municipalities since the 1990s.

Reporter: You not only study domestic fertility policies, but also pay attention to family fertility policies such as Western countries like Nordic. How do you build a database covering domestic and international two -way parallel?

Li Zi: The main task of building a marriage and family fertility policy database is to construct the index system and collect basic data. The international database data mainly comes from the family policy database of the OECD family database and the German Malp Population Institute. Based on the target domestic data, supplement and organize the final formation of a marriage and family maternity index system. Domestic data mainly comes from policy documents and statistical materials issued by government departments under the government, autonomous regions, and municipalities. Remove or modify some indicators that my country has not yet counted or improved, adding new indicators.

Reporter: To build an international marriage and family fertility policy database, your research team needs to pay a lot of efforts. What research bottlenecks and problems do you encounter in the process of database creation and development?

Li Zi: In the process of building an international database of marriage and family fertility policy, due to the differences in national conditions and language habits of different countries, there are large differences in naming indicators specified in the same policy. Consistent, so it is often necessary to conduct in -depth understanding of the policy content of related countries in order to continue to classify and organize. At the same time, the source of international data is relatively wide, and it is difficult to update data in time. When constructing a domestic database, first of all, the relevant policy data is scattered in different departments and different documents in different provinces. It is difficult to find the original text with earlier policy documents, and the cost of collecting and checking the data is higher. Secondly, my country's marriage and family fertility policy is in the stage of further introduction and implementation, the policy effects have not yet fully appeared, and the results of the results are relatively lacking. Support the improvement of population policies: the development of marriage and family fertility policy database

Reporter: In response to the reality of lower fertility, how do you view the trend of fertility by improving the fertility policy?

Li Zi: From the perspective of the dynamic adjustment of fertility policies, it is not significant to relax the impact of restrictions on the number of fertility on the increase in fertility. The implementation of the implementation of the maternity and family fertility and the implementation of fertility supporting measures has become an hope. From the perspective of the implementation of international policies, the effect of a single family friendly policy on fertility is relatively limited, including a good connection and cooperation of a package of family friendly policies with time support, funding support and service support to be more effective.

Reporter: The formulation of policies should start from the problem. In the future, in the future, in the promotion of professional women's employment and benign interaction, what should my country's fertility policy be adjusted from what aspects should we start?

Li Zi: my country's women's labor participation rate is at the forefront of the world. Professional women are the most important bearers of the population of my country's population. Experience at home and abroad shows that fertility policies must not only change the cost of family fertility, but more importantly to balance the relationship between women in work and family roles. Promoting the healthy interaction of professional women's employment and fertility, I think it can be adjusted from three aspects: First, to improve the vacation system for gender equality and strengthen the employment guarantee of both men and women. Starting from the functional positioning of protecting employees 'maternity rights, protecting the health rights of maternity employees and occupational development, reasonable determination of mothers' maternity leave, father -accompany maternity leave, and parental leave time, establish a flexible leave and elastic way of taking care of infants and young children, and improve the actual improvement. The cost of labor costs is reasonable to share the mechanism, clarify the responsibilities of all parties, and take practical measures to ensure the holiday treatment of female employees. The second is to establish an inclusive children's allowance system as soon as possible. On the basis of the special income tax deduction policy for infants and young children under the age of 3, according to the level of family income and the number and age of minor children, explore and implement different levels of parenting allowances, provide multiple allowance supplementary support for fertility behaviors Essence Third, the development of inclusive, well -available, and reliable parenting service systems. Actively promote the construction of community supporting institutions, kindergartens and other construction, continue to improve the coverage of inclusive nursery and kindergartens, appropriately extend the child's length of the park or provide custody services, promote the connection between the time of school and the parents' time, and effectively provide professional women with Family service -oriented benefits of public care and care to relieve their worries.

Reporter: How should we use the marriage and family fertility policy database to support the adjustment and improvement of marriage and family fertility in reality? For example, how to promote the improvement of the supply of public services for urban and rural children's conservation?

Li Zi: We have successfully applied for the 2022 National Social Science Fund project "The Path Study on the Path of Professional Women's Fertility Policy for Popularization Periodic Turking Periodic Turking", which will follow the index analysis of the marriage and family maternity policy database and combine family friendly policies Empirical research that affects professional women's fertility levels, further clarify the mechanism and key path of family friendly policy to improve the level of professional women's fertility levels, and provide theoretical support for government or enterprises and other departments. Based on existing studies, in practice, in practice, public expenditures of family welfare, increasing family cash welfare, implementing tax incentives for children's families, implementing childcare childcare systems, carrying out childcare services, providing extra -curricular care, etc. supply.

Reporter: Considering that the population is the underlying weight of the national strength, you advocate that "the establishment of my country's population family database and comprehensively monitor the current status of the population." So what is the biggest challenge for establishing a family database? During the subsequent development of the database, how does your research team plan to break through the research bottleneck?

Li Zi: Establishing the biggest challenge of my country's population family database, from the establishment and improvement of the family monitoring and statistical system of the comprehensive population, and regular investigation of the huge basic data. We recommend that the relevant departments learn from the architecture of the international database, supplement and improve my country's population family monitoring indicators, and do dynamic monitoring of big data of the population of the population. In the future, the team intends to improve the construction of the domestic marriage and family maternity policy database with the support of the National Health and Health Commission's Population Family Division, the China Population Development and Research Center and other departments, and conduct an empirical survey within a certain area, such as families of women who have maternal women. Surveys, husband and wife employment, childcare services, etc., understand and evaluate the development of the population and family development of my country's population, and provide evidence -based support for optimizing database structures, supplementary monitoring data, and improving family friendly policies.

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