Daily Science | Why isn't the rail on the ground directly?

Railway is very common in daily life, but why isn't the rails and pillow wood or high -speed rail on the ground directly?

In physics class, if you want to increase the pressure, you can increase the pressure or reduce the area of ​​the stress; to reduce the pressure, you can reduce the pressure or increase the force area. Put the pillow wood under the rails, these are to reduce the pressure by increasing the force area.

Through this principle, the huge pressure on the train will not be concentrated on the small area of ​​the wheel and the roadbed through the wheels. Instead, it will be scattered to the road base through the pillow wood and the tadpole.

It is precisely because of the expansion of the contact surface that all pressures can spread to the base surface of the entire road. If the average weight of the road base is small, there will be no uneven sinking.

Similar to this principle, there are also sharp engraving knives and cone -shaped window hammers. However, these are to increase the pressure by reducing the area of ​​force.

In fact, Taoist can not only play a role in reducing the pressure, but also has many advantages: First, the Daoye is filled around the pillow wood, which can prevent the pillow wood from shifting before and after the train through the train; Gallow orbit. There are many gaps between the granular Daoya, the ventilation and drainage of the track is easy, and it is not easy to accumulate water. It can always be kept dry under the track. This is good for the anti -corruption and rust of the rail.

However, careful friends will find that there are many small stones on the side of ordinary rails, but the high -speed rail is not? This is because Dao Yan also has some shortcomings.

Although the tradition is low in cost, it is easy to cause aging and deformation of the railroad rail. Moreover, when the train speed is too high, those small stones sometimes roll out, smashing people or vehicles on the road without perfect protection measures.

Therefore, many high -speed rail tracks in the world do not use small stones, but instead use no orbit. The pillow is poured by concrete, which can reduce maintenance, reduce dust, and beautify the environment.

(This article is scientifically controlled by Liu Huan, a second -level teacher of Fenglin School in Weihai City, Shandong Province)

Editor in charge: Hu Huiwen

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