"Beiping Gao Shang" in the old photos

After the May 4th Movement, various schools in Beijing came into being. During this period, the facilities of various schools gradually improved, and schools were very wide. As far as the type of school is concerned, there are universities, colleges, specialized halls, practices, lectures, specialized schools, teachers, etc.; The nature of the school is national, local, private, church, etc., with a total of more than 300.

The three old photos collected by the author can spy on some clues of the school at that time. These three photos were taken in the 23rd year of the Republic of China (1934), the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940), and the 30th year of the Republic of China (1941, and the Gregorian calendar was marked with a red pen behind the photo). The banner in two photos illustrates its belonging: it is a graduation photo of teachers and students from the senior business school (commercial) vocational school in Peiping.

What history does this school have?

A photo of the 23rd year of the Republic of China (1934)

A photo of the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940)

The school gate of the 50th Courtyard of Weiying Hutong

Photos of the principal of "Graduate Graduation Student Records"

What year of the school was created

The author began to find relevant information about "Peiping City Senior Business Vocational School". In the online history of the establishment of Beijing University of Information Science and Technology and the official website of Xi'an University of Health University, the source of the two universities was mentioned from the Peiping Municipal Senior Business Vocational School established in 1937.

Confusion followed. The official website of the two universities said that the Peiping Municipal Senior Business Vocational School was founded in 1937. In the photo collected by the author, the label on the banner illustrates the shooting time: " June 23 years ". In other words, this photo was taken in the 23rd year of the Republic of China, in 1934, and the school's junior graduates were already the fifth session. It can be seen that the school's school time must be as early as 1934.

What year what year did the Peiping Municipal Senior Business Vocational School established?

The author consulted the book "Deng Yunxiang Lecture Beijing", and the chapter of the "Scholarship Strategy" in the book records: "According to the data of 1934, there were about some of the following schools at the time ... Management College, Xiehe Medical College, National Peiping Art College, Municipal Senior Business Vocational School, Private Finance and Commercial Specialized School, Chinese Opera and Music College Opera School ... "It is not difficult to see from Mr. Deng Yunxiang's article Vocational schools have been counted in 1934.

In 1935, the book "Peking Travel Guide" compiled by Ma Yan and Zhang Henshui was recorded in the "Peking Travel Guide" "Special School": "Municipal Senior Business Vocational School was founded in May 18th, which was originally a commercial tutoring school." This shows that the school 1929 1929 It was founded year.

The Fourth Edition of the Xi'an Train Industry Daily on November 26, 2009 published an article entitled "Looking back at the Beijing High -level Business Vocational School". Mr. Zheng Qichang, who entered the school in 1948 and stayed in the school after graduation, recalled in the text: "According to the author's foolish opinion, Peiping's senior business vocational school should be established in 1929. Because of the school history written by Mr. Jing, the Republic of China On May 7th (1929), the Education Bureau was ordered to change the school to a public commercial school and handle it in accordance with the vocational school in the secondary education section. '"

In this article, Mr. Zheng Qichang also made an important supplement to the history of the school before the establishment of the school: "At least it has been stated here, tracing back to the eighth year of the Republic of China (1919). The concept, all kinds of commercial tutoring schools founded by Liuli Factory, Chongwen Gate outside the Chongwen Gate, Dongcheng District Lingshikou and other places. It is mainly to recruit apprenticeships in general industrial stores and teach every night. Lord, it is equivalent to non -public night schools, tuition classes. This historical facts are indeed true, but the author of the school history is a bit reluctant. "

In summary, the establishment of Peiping Municipal Senior Business Vocational School was founded in the eighteenth year of the Republic of China in 1929. In addition, from the 23rd year of the Republic of China (1934), the "Fifth Session of the Fifth" of the old photo banner pushed forward for the fourth session. It can be seen that 1930 was the first graduate. Essence

"Beijing Party History", the third issue of 1987, published Chen Jiaping's article "I participated in the Summer Camp of the" Tiger Cave "in Xishan". At the beginning of the article, "Before the summer of 1932 to 1935, I was in the senior business school in Peiping City ( Referred to as 'Gao Shang' -Here is a note from the original text) to study in junior high school. When I graduated, I was unwilling to do business, and I was unwilling to go to the company and business banks to make an accountant and cashier for the owner of the capitalist, and determined to fight for further studies. Therefore, I took the test. I went to the High School of China France University. "Mr. Chen Jiaping's article also clearly stated that in 1932, Peiping City Senior Business Vocational School already existed.

It should be pointed out that two photos of the two photos of the 23rd year of the Republic of China (1934) and the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940) have only six years before and rear, but the text in the labeled "Beiping City" and "Beijing Municipal" two sayings. This is the embodiment of the changes in the times.

In 1928, the National Government settled in Nanjing. On June 21, 1928, the Nanjing National Government ordered to change Beijing to Peiping. In 1934, the name of this school was naturally "Peiping City Senior Business Vocational School". After the July 7th incident in 1937, Peiping was occupied by the Japanese invaders and renamed Peiping Beijing. Therefore, on the banner of the photo of the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940), it became a "Beijing Senior Business Vocational School". On August 15, 1945, Japan announced the surrender. On August 21 of the same year, Sun Lianzhong, the 11th theater, accepted Beijing to restore the original name of Peiping.

The site is in Weiying Hutong

Mr. Zheng Qichang also recalled in the article "Back to the Better Vocational School of Beijing Municipal Senior Business Vocational School": "The city was established in 1929, and at the beginning of the following year, it was moved from the Lingshukou to Xuanwumen. After the famous Catholic Cathedral, it seemed to be a Manchu officials. It is still possible to run schools at the time. "Interestingly, in the folk, many people spread this courtyard as the saying that the artistic man Chen Yuanyuan Mansion was said in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.

In the column of the "Peking Travel Guide" "Special School", the site of Peiping City Senior Business Vocational School is also recorded in Weiying Hutong. The site is in Weiying Hutong, which is undoubted. So, is it related to Chen Yuanyuan Mansion?

To this end, the author asked Mr. Peng Zemin, the "Hall of the Hall" in Beijing. Coincidentally, he was very concerned about the 50 House House of Weiying Hutong many years ago. At that time, after work, Peng Zemin often wandered in the hutong of Beijing. In a search for Weiying Hutong, the high courtyard wall of the high courtyard of the east of the south road in the middle of the hutong attracted his attention.

This house is about 80 meters long north to south, about 40 meters wide from east to west, and the gate of the courtyard is on the northwest of the street. There is a horse stone on each side of the courtyard, which is carved with exquisite flower patterns. When Peng Zemin visited the courtyard, many of the surrounding residents told him that the older children in the hutong had passed on, and this courtyard was a house of Chen Yuanyuan, one of the "Jiangnan Bayan" in the late Ming Dynasty. At that time, the courtyards in the courtyard were surrounded by the cross -galleries. Housing, gardens, fish farming ponds, rockery, moon doors, and pavilions were all available. Unfortunately, it turned out to be a big miscellaneous courtyard.

In order to obtain the authority of the hospital, Mr. Peng Zemin has worked in many parties, and he also went to the hospital for investigation with Mr. Zheng Xiaoxuan, a senior planner of the Ministry of Construction and Mr. Luo Zhewen, an ancient construction expert of the State Cultural Relics Bureau.

After investigation, experts believe that many places have been rebuilt here, and local buildings have been in Western style. Whether or not the old house where Chen Yuanyuan lived, more relevant information and evidence need to be found.

If you can find relevant information, the history of "Peiping Gao Shang" will add a different kind of interest in the history of the school.

Unfortunately, a few days ago, the author went to Wei Yingjun deliberately, and after visiting it carefully, he found that the 50th Court has no trace to find. Asked the elderly around, they would still mention the tall walls of the yard and the legend of Chen Yuanyuan's old house.

The red years in the school

In the column of "Middle School", the first issue of "Beijing Archives Historical Materials" in the first issue of "1937 in the Salary of Education Institutions at all levels of Education Institutions at all levels", a report was reported by the then principal Yun Houci on March 27, 1937 "List of Salary of the Municipal Senior Business Vocational School in Peiping". From this form, we can see that there are 33 teachers in the school. According to today's school standards, the school size is not very large.

The author has found another book "Graduate Graduate Classmates" on the Internet. This classmate records a period of time before the "July 7th Incident" in 1937. This period was during this period. During this time, Wu Houci injected red genes into the school.

At the end of 1934, Yang Xiufeng (later served as Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, chairman of the Hebei People's Government, Minister of Education, etc.) at his uncle and professor of Yang Shisan family of Hebei Institute of Technology. Director and young officer of the Ministry of Teaching and Young officers met. Wu Houci and Yang Xiufeng are both natives of Qian'an County, Hebei Province. They graduated from Shanghai Law and Zheng University. They were members of the Old League. Chiang Kai -shek's dictatorship was expelled from the Kuomintang Central Committee, and was forced to exile abroad. After the "September 18th Incident" in 1931, he returned to China and actively participated in the fight against Japan.

After the Fa Sui Anti -Japanese Alliance failed by the Japanese invaders and the Kuomintang army, Wu Houci moved from Hong Kong to Tianjin to persist in his career. Yang Xiufeng believes that Zi Houci is an important united front object, and he actively runs in the two cities of Pingjin, and soon conspires the post of principal of the senior business school of Peiping City. After taking office in the business school of the business, Yang Xiufeng entrusted his uncle Yang Shisan to introduce the Communist Party members Zhang Su and Sun Wenshu (the wife of Yang Xiufeng) to the business school in the business school. Since then, Peiping's senior business school has become a position for our party to spread Marxist thought.

After Beiping's senior business school became our party's underground secret activity place, the Kuomintang military and Zhongtong also stepped up the activities of the school. The school became a battlefield for the two parties and the Communist Party. After the founding of the New China, Zhang Boxing, who was the secretary of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee, and Shi Zongshu, who was the secretary of the Party Committee of the Capital Normal University, was an underground party member among the students at that time.

After 1949, Li Houci was the deputy director of the Hebei Provincial Department of Education and the member of the Standing Committee of the CPPCC of Hebei Province.In 1963, Wu Houci donated 32 books, thousands of inscriptions, epitaph films, and more than 220 paintings and calligraphy works that he collected by him.On January 29, 1977, Qi Houci died of illness.(Original: "Peiping Gao Shang" in the old photo)

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