Study at home, please put the "eye protection" first place

On June 6, 2022, students from Guangzong County Experimental Primary School, Xingtai City, Hebei Province were doing eye exercises. Photography of Wang Lei/Guangming Picture

On June 5, 2022, in the Kindergarten Center of Docuu Center, Fushan District, Yantai City, Shandong Province, medical staff explained the eyeball structure to the children. Sun Wentan Photo/Light Picture

【Guest】

Ni Hailong's Ophthalmology Center (Zhejiang University Ophthalmology Hospital) Visiting Center Director of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical College

Sun Wei Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine University of Eye Hospital of Eye Hospital

Dean of the School of Sports and Health, East China Normal University

Xu Meiping's attending physician affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University

Zhang Duan Shandong Provincial Education Department Deputy Director of the Sports and Health Department

"Take care of the eyes, the future of light" is the hope of many teachers and parents. At present, students in many places have studied at home for a while, and soon they will usher in a long summer life. After a long online class, how to protect your eyes scientifically?

Related data shows that the overall myopia rate of children and adolescents nationwide in 2019 was 50.2%, a decrease of 3.4 percentage points from 53.6%in 2018. Affected by the epidemic of new crown pneumonia, the overall myopia rate of children and adolescents in 2020 was 52.7%, an increase of 2.5 percentage points from 2019. Recently, the Ministry of Education issued the "National Key Work Plan for Top Children and Adolescents for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Children and Children in 2022" to further enhance the awareness of social myopia prevention and control. How to give children a "bright" future? We invite relevant experts to answer.

Labor and rest: home learning is not a "house" at home

Reporter: Study at home, stay indoors many times. What do we need to pay attention to in this process?

Ni Hailong: The serious lack of outdoor activity time, the heavy burden of indoor continuity close -up of the eye is the two main reasons for children and adolescents to get myopia and aging aging. Protecting vision is just like protecting your health. You must always pay attention to the combination of labor and rest. Because outdoor activities can bathe in the sun and overlook the distance, it is very beneficial to protect vision prevention and control myopia. Students should actively participate in these movements that can be performed anytime and anywhere, such as walking, running, cycling, and so on.

During the study of home, as long as the child has the opportunity to contact the sun and overlook the distance, it can still play a role in protecting vision prevention and control. During the day, we must often contact the sun, on the balcony, on the terrace, or the yard in the community, walk more, move more bones, and look up at the distance. In the room, it is impossible to prevent and control myopia without exposure to the sun or not looking at the distant rest. If you have a network lesson at home, you still have to have a "inter-class"; if you read and write freely, you must pause for a while every 20-30 minutes, get up to the event, go to the sun, and overlook the distance.

Parents are the guardians of children and adolescents. Imitation is the nature of children and a way of learning. Parents' words and deeds are always affecting their children. Parents should lead by example. They should take the lead in not being a "low -headed family", and do not use their mobile phones in front of their children.

At present, most parents have attached great importance to and strictly control their children's time to use electronic products, but they do not well monitor their children's reading posture and time. Parents should supervise and guide their children to develop a good writing posture to improve their learning efficiency; take more children out to walk around, accompany their children to learn and grow, and do not allow children to "houses" at home lonely and long for a long time.

Scientific prevention and control: Family is the first line of defense for myopia prevention and control

Reporter: "Parents' participation has effectively promoted the efficient advancement and expected goals of myopia prevention and control." What kind of cooperation should parents do and urge the work during the learning process of home?

Sun Wei: Family is the first line of defense and control of myopia. Parents are the "doorkeeper" of children and adolescents. Therefore, in children and adolescents, parents should pay attention to the following aspects:

Strengthen supervision and guidance to avoid adverse eyes.居家学习时，家长要监督并纠正孩子的不良读写姿势，做到“一尺、一拳、一寸”，即眼离书本距离一尺，胸前与课桌距离一拳，握笔的手指与The distance between the pen tip is one inch. At the same time, avoid children when walking, eating, or shaking the carriage.

Control the eye time and increase outdoor activities. Ensure outdoor activities of two hours a day, bathing sunlight anti -myopia. At the same time, supervise and control the child's eye time. When the eyes are used for more than 30 minutes for a long time, the child should be reminded to rest for 5-10 minutes.

Pay attention to the read and write environment, pay attention to light adjustment. Prepare the tables and chairs that are suitable for their children, and pay attention to the indoor lighting status of the family. When the light is insufficient during the day, turn on the lights in time. When studying at night, use the desk platform lights and room top lights. The table lamp should be placed in front of the desk. The surface light source is slightly lower than the height of the eyes to avoid direct lights.

Reasonable planning and learning, strictly control electronic products. Arrange your child's online lesson and choose the right electronic screen for your child. Use electronic products to follow the "20-20-20" formula, that is, after 20 minutes of viewing the screen, keep 20 feet (6 meters away) to keep 20 feet away 20 feet. More than seconds. During the need to study, each use of electronic products should not exceed 15 minutes, and the cumulative daily length does not exceed 1 hour.

Balanced diet nutrition to ensure adequate sleep. In terms of sleep time, it is necessary to ensure that primary school students sleep for 10 hours, 9 hours of junior high school students, and 8 hours of high school students to help children develop good habits. At the same time, avoid overeating, strictly control the intake of sweets, and ensure that the child's balanced and comprehensive diet. Dynamic and static is suitable: home exercise must also achieve the effect of "sweating"

Reporter: Study at home, moderate exercise can help protect the eyes. What are the aspects of physical exercise?

Ji Liu: How to ensure the quality of home learning and prevent myopia? Home exercise is an important means. The biggest difference between home exercise and school physical education and extracurricular activities is that there is no on -site guidance and protection of physical education teachers. Therefore, scientific methods need to avoid damage and achieve the effect of exercise.

What do I exercise at home? For students of different ages, the action skills and exercise skills they need are different, so the content of home exercise must be different. The 2-7-year-old child is still in the development stage of basic action skills. The basic actions such as walking, running, jumping, climbing, climbing, throwing, throwing, and throwing have not yet developed. Children's attention is transferred from electronic products such as television, mobile phones. The 7-10 years old is the transfer stage of children's basic action skills and special sports skills. At this time, you can gradually start the training of special sports skills such as basketball, football, volleyball. If the site is not enough, you can use the venue of the community to practice some basic actions.

Home exercise without load is very low, and home exercises with too large loads face various risks. Sport load should follow the FITT principle, that is, the frequency, strength, time, and movement type. Generally speaking, it is advisable to be a medium -intensity exercise for 30 to 60 minutes each time to five times every Wednesday. What is medium -intensity exercise? The heart rate must reach 140-160 times/minute, which is the most suitable range of heart rate in exercise. In layman's terms, it is to sweat, and home exercise must also achieve the effect of "sweating".

There must be a suitable exercise plan. During the home, how should we adapt to local conditions and arrange exercise simply and reasonably because of bad local conditions? Each family is different, and the scheme can be different. Generally, physical exercises should be mainly based on physical fitness. It is very simple to mention a solution here: don't take more than 60 minutes every time you sit down. No matter what you do, as long as you sit down for 40-50 minutes, the child reaches 30 minutes. Supervise in time. In addition, every morning and afternoon performed a medium -to -high -intensity exercise for more than 10 minutes each time. It is recommended that aerobic activities (such as health exercises, online video courses, etc.) can also be performed. , Dumbbell load, etc., arrange 3-5 groups of repeated actions at a time.

Early prevention: Pay close attention to children's vision changes and vision abnormal signs

Reporter: As parents of young children or primary and secondary school students, how can I consciously pay attention to children's vision changes at home? How to find problems as early as possible and take intervention measures in time?

Xu Meiping: Usually parents should consciously pay close attention to their children's vision changes and abnormal vision, and find out whether their children are myopia as soon as possible. Can start from the following aspects:

Parents establish awareness of myopia prevention and control, and have been able to prevent prevention from early early. At the age of 2, you can take your child to the medical and health institutions for refractive screening to understand the child's eye refractive state, monitor the reserves of hyperopia, and discover risk factors such as end vision, short -sightedness, astigmatism, refractive reserves, and amblyopia. Essence

Usually pay attention to children's behavior habits and expressions with eyes. For example, when children look at things, they have a habitual squinting, rubbing eyes, like close vision or crooked vision, and other vision abnormalities such as vision, parents need to pay special attention to and take their children to medical institutions to check vision and refractiveness in time.

Usually communicate with children more and ask children's vision changes and see things clear. You can also understand the child's eye habits and behaviors from the middle side of the communication with the school teacher. At home, you should pay attention to your children's learning duration, reading habits, reading and writing postures, etc., and you can also use the vision sheet to measure the child's vision irregularly to observe the dynamic changes of children's vision.

For children preschool or academic age, it is recommended to perform visual screening 2-4 times a year. Parents should pay attention to the results of vision testing, including naked eye vision and refractive data. At the same time, pay attention to whether the child has high vision, astigmatism, hyperopia reserves, etc., because if high vision and astigmatism do not wear mirror correction in time, it may cause amblyopia.

Take your child to a professional medical institution for inspection, you need to pay attention to corneal curvature and axis. If the corneal curvature of the child is relatively flat, even if there is no myopia, the axis may be longer than the axis of ordinary children. In this case, parents should pay more attention to the vision protection of their children before myopia. They must measure twice axis axis to pay attention to changes in the length of the axis. The main influencing factor of high myopia eyes is the length of the axis. The longer the length of the eye shaft, the more obvious the bottom of the eye changes. The greater the risk of high myopia complications in the future.

Form joint force: scientific conservation and education, collaborative guarantee

Reporter: What suggestions do you suggest in strengthening the linkage of home and school, forming joint efforts to ensure the health management of children and adolescents, and promote the management of children and adolescents?

Zhang Duan: Schools and families are important positions for children and adolescent myopia. In the "Implementation Plan for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Children and Adolescents", for the linkage of home and school, it was mentioned that it was a matter of reducing student burden, improving the visual environment, strengthening physical exercise, and less electronic products. In my opinion, the following points are required to cooperate to ensure the vision health of children and adolescents at home: implementing the "double reduction" policy. "Double reduction" requires the joint efforts of schools and families to effectively reduce the burden of schools and outside schools in students. The school must make reasonable planning courses and homework, and parents must make reasonable arrangements for after -school counseling and interest training, so that the "double reduction" can be truly implemented.

Improve the visual environment. Family should provide children with a good home visual environment as much as possible. The school should refer to the requirements of the "Advanced Technical Guidelines for Children and Adolescents Impossible to prevent and control", and must be equipped with standard lighting equipment and adjustable desks and chairs on the hardware. Each semester has personalized adjustments to the height of the students' desks and chairs.

Strengthen outdoor physical exercise. It is necessary to ensure that students exercise for 1 hour in the school and off -campus, and at the same time strictly implement the class standards for national sports and health classes, so that students will be combined with work and rest.

Beware of myopia low aging. Parents should realize that the age of 0-6 is a critical period for children's visual development. They should pay special attention to the protection of children's early vision, cultivate children's correct behavior habits, and early prevention of early prevention. Kindergartens should advocate scientific conservation and education, strictly implement the guidelines for learning and development of children aged 3-6, and strictly prohibit "primary school" teaching. Through home -school cooperation, move the myopia prevention and control mark forward, so as to monitor early monitoring, early discovery, early warning, and early intervention.

(Reporter Jin Xiaoyan)

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