Changing World (Wang Hui): Fault gold and silver and gold and silver

Fault gold and silver and gold and silver

Changing World (Wang Hui)

Wang Qi, the net name is smooth in the world (Wang Hui), began his own collection in the 1990s. Although it has passed through, the heart of obsession with antiquities is not changed, and it is difficult to give up the joy of good ancients. The collection theme is involved in different materials and different categories. Ivory rhino horn beeswax agate, weaving embroidery belt decorated with ancient soldiers. In recent years, focusing on the collection of Chinese iron sculptures and gold and silver utensils and the collection of palace horses in the Ming and Qing dynasties and historical research with its related craftsmanship.

Recent The concept proposed by the author is proof. As a fan of the iron carving 作为 作为, I specially wrote this article, discussed with the author of Xirong's relics and hoped to clear the source. Although the craftsmanship of gold and silver with iron and silver gold and silver on iron utensils is only a difference, it is far from the history and specific process processes.

Humans entered the iron era from the early days of the iron era. Due to the rareness of the material of the iron, the iron was cherished by the very precious material of the people at that time. Gold and silver and other precious materials to decorate the luxurious movement of iron utensils.

Two types of decoration are generally divided into two types: one is a combination, and the materials such as gold and silver are combined into a combination of finished products and iron utensils, such as the famous Qin Dynasty golden handle iron sword.

Another way is to fix it, which is to directly use various processes such as gold and silver to fix them into iron utensils to achieve good decorative effects. The main way is to use the craftsmanship that has been extremely mature at the time to improve the iron error gold technology. The principle of iron error gold and silver process is not much different from copper error gold and silver. The basic process is to open the same shape on the iron utensils according to the shape of the decorative shape required. Smoil and smoothly. It is only because the hardness of the iron will be slightly more difficult to process than copper utensils. It is equivalent to a large number of iron error errors and silver utensils unearthed from the Majiaxian Xirong noble cemetery in the Warring States Period and the hooks such as iron error gold and silver unearthed from the war of the Han Dynasty.

Until the Liaoning period established by the Khitan people, which is known as the "Kurtilizer of Tie Tie", due to the enthusiasm of the Khitan people on iron utensils, the craftsmanship of the wrong gold and silver on the iron device was carried forward again and continued to the later Jin and Yuan dynasties. Until the early Ming Dynasty, it might be due to the inheritance of the technique of the Yuan Dynasty. The most famous utensils during this period should be the Liaoning Silver Surgery, which is now collected in the Inner Mongolia Museum.

After that, it may be difficult to be subject to iron error gold and silver skills: During the production process, especially the steps of the swallow tail slot, it is difficult to firmly fix the gold and silver. Time -consuming: At that time, the tailor tail tank was considered as a very hard substance at the time, and the tiders must be used with higher hardness and reducing the hardness of the iron utensils through multiple ignition. In addition, it is difficult to achieve the visual effects of some special decorations in the iron error gold and silver process, which makes the craftsman gradually invented the iron cricket gold and silver technology.

The iron cricket gold and silver process refers to a fine parallel line -like or diamond -shaped plaid on the surface of the iron device. The decoration.

According to the Cereal Collection of Treasures in the Southern Song Dynasty, the artifacts made by the craftsmanship of iron and silver should begin in the Jin Dynasty. You can also see utensils that use the wrong gold technology in the unearthed golden iron utensils.

However, during the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongolian's love and admiration for iron utensils made the craftsmanship of the iron cricket gold and silver. Most of the eleven bureaus under the supervisor of the Master Guanzhi of Yuan Shi Bai Guanzhi have the iron reduction bureaus of the iron utensils that are specially made of iron utensils. Overclocking with iron tincture gold and silver craftsmanship. The two are coexisting, and sometimes they can even see these two processes on the same utensils. It is just that as the craftsmanship of the iron cricket is becoming more and more mature, the iron error gold and silver technology will become more and more declining in the future use range. At present, the most well -known Yuan Dynasty iron carving 鋄 gold and silver utensils should be the imperial court of the Yuan Dynasty that is now collected in the British Royal Military Institute.

During the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasty, due to the successful needs of the artisan and political needs of the Yuan Dynasty, the high -end iron utensils of the iron cricket gold and silver still had a certain amount of production. During this period, the famous iron sculpture gold and silver utensils were collected by the Daming Yongle Year of the Forbidden City. Sword. Especially on the latter, the use of iron error gold, iron embedded gold and iron gold gold technology is amazing.

However, after the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the craftsmanship of iron and silver is gradually used to decorate martial arts items. Occasionally, there are some production of folk items, and the level of craftsmanship is gradually micro. At that time, the craftsmanship in Tibet and Mongolia's iron crickets continued to be inherited and developed.

At the end of the Ming and early Qing dynasties, the Jianzhou Girls' Zhen also vigorously developed the production of iron sculptures and gold and silver utensils in order to settle in the Mongolian Ministry. According to the records of the Qing Dynasty archives about the reward of the gold and silver utensils, the gold and silver utensils of the Kangxi dynasty are still manufactured and used for rewards. A masterpiece was also set up in the Internal Affairs Office of the Kangxi dynasty. The Ministry of Industry of the Qianlong dynasty also recorded a series of materials such as the production of gold and silver utensils from consumption to working hours, which also shows that it was able to achieve large -scale group production methods at the time. Before the middle of the Qianlong dynasty, gold and silver utensils were still popular. The swords and horses including Qianlong Royal also use a large number of gold and silver craftsmanship.

In the later period of the Qianlong dynasty, due to the deepening of the degree of dominance and the development of craftsmanship, iron utensils were gradually not favored by the ruling class, fewer and fewer craftsmen, and craftsmanship gradually declined.

The identification of the wrong gold and silver utensils and the gold and silver utensils is not difficult: the base of the wrong gold and silver utensils is relatively smooth; If the edge of the wrong gold and silver utensils, if the gold foil or gold wire is unveiled, you can see the obvious slot traces; if the gold and silver utensils are revealed to the gold and silver foil, the inspection of the gold and silver foil is all plane, and there will be no traces of slot. Both the wrong gold and silver technology and the gold and silver technology are metal processing and decoration technology passed down in ancient times, but the time of the two invented for thousands of years is different.

This article has been published by the author authorized music and art club

Graph and text are provided by the author

- END -