The "stumbling block" of the prevention and control of water pollution in the Yangtze River

The Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued the "Guidelines for the Preparation of Phosphorus Control Control Schemes in the Yangtze River Basin" (hereinafter referred to as the "Guide"), which proposed the total phosphorus of phosphorus and phosphorus chemical industry upgrading, industrial park pipeline network construction and reconstruction, fertilizer pesticides and other total phosphorus. Pollution control path. What is the background of the introduction of the Guide? What is the significance of the "Guide" to the prevention and control of water pollution in the Yangtze River Basin? The reporter interviewed relevant experts a few days ago. On September 3, the comprehensive law enforcement brigade of Huangmei County, Huanggang City, Hubei Province conducted a comprehensive surprise investigation of phospholosypsum and tail slag in the production and processing of Huangmei County. Focus on investigating the source of the raw materials and the use of disposal, and order the original road to the original road to the original roads; if the incident is required, it is required to restore the original state and implement the corresponding punishment measures for the landfills. On -site inspections were found to be 2,000 tons of phospholosypsum, and the parties were ordered to return to the original road immediately and not dispose of them at will. Shen Qing and Gong Chaohui, a "total phosphorus" Yangtze River Basin, the primary pollutant of the Yangtze River Basin has always been a bottleneck restricting ecological environmental protection and high -quality development of the Yangtze River Basin. During the "Thirteenth Five -Year Plan" period, although a series of total phosphorus pollution control was carried out in various places, the problem of pollution of "three phosphorus" (phosphorus ore, phosphorus chemical enterprise, phosphol lepacerba) was fundamentally solved. Agricultural facial source pollution and ecological environment damage have caused a high value of total phosphorus in the dry flow of the Yangtze River, and many of the pollution intensity during the flood flood season is high. From 2017 to 2019, the proportion of sections of the Yangtze River Basin with total phosphorus as an over -the -standard fixed -standard factors reached 51.5%. Article 46 of the "Yangtze River Protection Law" implemented on March 1, 2021 clearly states that the provincial people's government of the Yangtze River Basin formulates the total phosphorus pollution control scheme in the administrative area and organizes the implementation. For the dry tributary of the Yangtze River in the concentrated production of phosphate and phosphate fertilizer, the provincial people's governments shall formulate stricter and stricter total phosphorus emission control requirements to effectively control the total amount of total phosphorus emissions. The preparation of the scheme is problem -oriented, systematic pollution control is based on problems, and system design and governance ideas is the prominent highlight of the Guide. "Emphasize the problem -oriented principle of preparation." Han Xu, an engineer of the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, said that the "Guide" is fully connected with the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" key watershed ecological environmental protection plan, agricultural and rural pollution control. —— 2025) and "Fourteen Five -Year Plan" soil, groundwater, and rural ecological environmental protection planning planning and other planning target tasks, focus on the prominent problems of pollution pollution in the Yangtze River Basin, and the comprehensive remediation of "three phosphorus", agricultural facial source pollution treatment and the treatment of agricultural facial source pollution and treatment The supervision and guidance, the supervision and management of the sewage of the river, etc., are the focus of the "Guide", guide the concentrated force in various places, and give priority to solving the prominent problems of total phosphorus pollution. "Clarify the systemic management ideas of total phosphorus pollution." Han Xu said that the "Guide" system designed ideas and methods of compilation of total phosphorus pollution control schemes. It is recommended that local governments comprehensively summarize the effectiveness and experience of the total phosphorus pollution control of the "13th Five -Year Plan". On the basis of the system analysis, the total phosphorus pollution problems and causes in the administrative area are analyzed, combined with water quality improvement demand and emission reduction potential, scientifically determine the target of total phosphorus water quality and emission reduction targets, and propose main tasks and guarantee measures. In order to ensure the accurate management of total phosphorus pollution control projects, the Guide also recommends that for engineering projects that have a long period of cycle and continuous advancement, establish a sustainable dynamic adjustment mechanism, and realize long -term system management of various governance measures. "Highlight the pollution control concept of pollution control due to local conditions and pollution." Han Xu told reporters that my country is vast, and the Yangtze River Basin runs through my country's things. Different natural resources in different basins and regions are different. The total phosphorus pollution is different. Therefore, the "Guide" lists multiple types of pollution control measures, and clarifies that localities should be based on the actual situation of development, combine the needs of water ecological environment quality to improve the demand and emission reduction potential, determine the target of total phosphorus pollution control due to local conditions, and design total phosphorus pollution control due to conditions and pollution control. To achieve the path, both do their best and do their best. The combination of control measures, pollution control and ecological restoration take into account the "three phosphorus" pollution prevention and control is still the focus of the Yangtze River total phosphorus pollution control. The Yangtze River Basin concentrates more than 60%of the "three phosphorus" enterprises across the country. In April 2019, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued the "Three Phosphorus" Special Investigation and Remediation Actions of the Yangtze River ". After two years, the number of" three phosphorus "industries was basically figured out, which basically solved the heavy pollution in the" three phosphorus "industry. Ecological environment issues such as high risk, serious violations of laws and regulations. "But phosphide gypsum has not been effectively eliminated and utilized." Zhang Wenjing, a researcher at the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, told reporters that currently about 50%of the construction of phosphopyyhrophor library does not meet the standards, and high concentration of phosphorus -containing wastewater leakage phenomenon is generally common existence , Pollution to the surrounding surface water and groundwater; many small and medium -sized enterprises in the phosphorus chemical industry are backward, the level of environmental management is not high, wastewater discharge is large, and there are hidden dangers of illegal sewage. At the same time, facial source pollution is also one of the main reasons for the oversight of the Yangtze River. In 2015, the use of chemical fertilizers in my country increased by 45%compared with 2000, which became one of the backgrounds of nitrogen and phosphorus rising to one of the main pollutants in the Yangtze River Basin. Zhang Wenjing pointed out that in terms of agricultural surface source, the climate of the Yangtze River Basin is warm, the recurring index is high, and the amount of fertilizer pesticides are large. According to statistics, the total phosphorus emissions of agricultural sources in the Yangtze River Economic Belt accounted for more than 70%of the total regional total phosphorus emissions. In addition, the reclamation activities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are frequent, and there are many land surrounding lakes.

Due to ecological destruction, the self -purification capacity of rivers and lakes declines, resulting in a serious decline in the carrying capacity of the entire Yangtze River river basin, which eventually leads to intensified total phosphorus pollution. Combined with the experience and existing problems of the "Thirteenth Five -Year Plan" total phosphorus pollution control experience and existing, the Guide fully considers the difficulties of the Yangtze River Basin Point source, facial source, endogenous and other types of pollution sources, and builds an industry, facial source, life, life, and life. , Internal source pollution control and the comprehensive total phosphorus pollution control measures of the basin ecology protection, including the upgrading of phosphate and phosphorus chemical industry, ecological restoration and comprehensive utilization of phospholosypsum library, agricultural and sideline food processing The construction and reconstruction of the pipeline network of industrial parks, the reduction of fertilizer pesticide reduction increase, the initial rainwater collection treatment, the intensity management of pollution during the flood season, the construction of urban and rural sewage collection and treatment capacity, the construction of artificial wetland water quality purification projects, environmental protection dredging, etc. In the aspects of endogenous pollution control, inspection and rectification of river sewage outlets, etc., the combination of dots and faces, pollution control and ecological restoration can be taken into account. In order to ensure the orderly advancement of the total phosphorus pollution control in the basin, the Guide requires that localities must propose the guarantee of the implementation of the plan for implementation of the implementation of the plan for the implementation of the plan for organizational leadership, regulatory standards, policy incentives, supervision and management, capacity building, scientific and technological support, and public participation. measure. At the same time, the scheduling mechanism of the compilation and implementation of the total phosphorus pollution control scheme is clarified, and the work progress of work in various places will be grasped in time from the national level, helping and guidance for the lagging area of ​​work, and fully ensuring the successful completion of various total phosphorus pollution control tasks. For the "hard bones" of the total phosphorus pollution prevention and control of the Yangtze River Basin, the introduction of the "Guide" not only aimed at difficulties, but also explored the establishment of a system of systematic phosphorus on the basis of the previous treatment of phosphorus. There are points and depth. It is believed that the introduction of the Guide will further help the water environmental governance of the Yangtze River Basin. Source 丨 China Environmental Daily reporter 丨 Wenwen

Title Photography 丨 Editor Zhang Yinan 丨 Qin Chao

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