Labs Lab ｜ Looking for educators 邰 邰 秋 秋

Today is Teacher's Day, but many people may not know that the first -time teacher festival in Chinese history is June 6. As early as 91 years ago, in the face of the life situation that made teachers worrying at the time, people of the educational community requested to establish Teacher's Day to defend the rights and interests of teachers, and strive to improve their treatment, guarantee status, improve their cultivation, and Teacher's Day on Teacher's Day. The advocate and the initiator are Jiangsu natives. However, the civilian educator who once had the four major people in China with Yan Yangchu, Liang Shuming, and Tao Xingzhi, and the outside world knew very little about him.

Recently, the 1.15 million -word new book "Ji Shuang Qiu Wen Collection" published by Nanjing University Press showed us a rich and three -dimensional cool autumn and its thoughts. The book was compiled by Liu Qi, an associate professor at the School of Education and Science, Nanjing Normal University and a post -doctoral research center of Nanjing University. , Dr. Degree Papers, Autobiography Poems, Unpublished Manuscripts, and other relevant materials that have been transferred and authorized by children who are transferred and authorized will be published to the society for the first time.

Xiang Shuangqiu has long been committed to the research and experimental practice of education theory, encouraging the combination of labor and education to meet the most basic livelihood needs of the people, advocating the thinking of people's livelihood education for life, and focusing on the field of education practice in the countryside. On the fields of China's fields, he has made important contributions to modern Chinese education. His works and educational ideas have also great reference significance for our current labor education and rural revitalization. The following is Liu Qi's orally.

Ten years of puzzlement with educators

The first time the name "Shuang Shuangqiu" came to my eyes, it was probably at the end of 2010. At that time, I was doing a master's degree thesis with the theme of "the university and government in the process of modernization of higher education." Because I want to find the information, I retrieved to a book in the library, and the author is Xiang Shuangqiu.

This surname is relatively rare, which impressed me. Some of his views were cited in my paper. This was the first time to meet him. Later, I checked it briefly. On June 6, 1931, 352 people including Xiang Shuangqiu, Cheng Qibao, Li Lianfang, and Mongolongtong issued an initiative- "Promote June 6 to the Teacher's Day to Promise Compatriots", and required to establish June 6 Day is Teacher's Day. I found that Xiang Shuangqiu turned out to be the advocate of the first teacher's day in modern China. This was my initial impression of him.

Until the beginning of 2012, Professor Hu Jinping, a tutor Nanjing Normal University, organized a book to write a book about modern Chinese education management masters. Teacher Hu listed a list that asked me and other authors to choose a familiar or interested person to write. At a glance, I saw the name "Xiang Shuangqiu". When he thought of writing a master's dissertation, he also quoted his book and was considered "familiar". From this moment, I officially opened the puzzlement of me and the educator for ten years.

In order to write this book, I started to check more detailed information. He was born in 1896 and died in 1976. He was native of Dongtai, Jiangsu. He graduated from the National Southeast University of Education and Scholars in China in 1923. After the public sent to the United States, he received a master's degree in master and doctoral degrees at the University of Chicago and Columbia. After returning to China, he served as a professor at Central University, Daxia University, Henan University and other universities. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Ren Fu Jen University and Beijing Normal University professor can be said that Xiang Shuangqiu has been busy with the development of Chinese education.

As a representative educator in modern China, his educational thoughts should be attracted to our attention. In its educational ideas, the discussion of education funds, the discussion of education administrative management, and the concept of rural education are still guiding significance and reference value for the development of our education. But the fact is that there are not many research and descriptions about him. For a long period of time, there is an idea that has been haunting in my mind: if I can sort out my hands with my hands Value, clarify their cultural meaning, how exciting it is!

Open the journey of looking for a cool autumn

The work of retrieval of the library and databases is the first step in finding Xiang Shuangqiu. Although this is certain, there will definitely be missing, but the number of works obtained is quite considerable, but the problem is followed.

The first is to work hard in Shuangqiu Qiu's life, and there are hundreds of academic papers that are officially published in public. These papers and other genre works are scattered in various publications. This must be found and collected one by one. It takes a lot of time and manpower and material resources, and it is easy to leak.

The second is that in the works of Qiu Shuangqiu, there are many proper nouns, and some Chinese translation foreigners, place names and vocabulary, which are limited to the printing conditions and paper quality at the time. The photo version is also the database, which inevitably exists in the above problems, so reading is very difficult. There is also no omissions in the process of database downloading and transcriptional text, which must be rigorously academic research on all content.

The third is that Shuang Shuangqiu has been active on the grassroots line for a long time, and the working environment has changed a lot. Some works are only found in the library where the workplace is located. At the same time, in addition to the official publication or publishing works, a considerable part of the works are published in the school publications, self -made oil marks, especially manuscripts, etc. Some works lack the necessary issuance date, publication period and source. Analyze and verify carefully. How to keep "full"? How to keep "true"? How to transcribe? How to classify ... These problems must be solved. In the past ten years, I have also changed from a student to a university teacher, and the pressure of "green pepper" in teaching and academic research.

I thought that I could make this collection in two or three years, but I found that it was not smooth. Often, I found that the clues were broken at the last moment, or from time to time to eat closed doors. In fact, I also thought of giving up.

However, in the process of looking for Xiang Shuangqiu, I saw the pattern and mind of a big educator from his words. In the difficult environment of the War of Resistance Against Japan, they have maintained a kind of optimism and aggressive energy. I often think about why China can finally win in the fourteenth year of the War of Resistance Against Japan. This is related to the optimism, resoluteness, and courage in the bones of our Chinese people, and will not be easily frightened by difficulties.

Looking for the descendants of 爽 爽 ，, supplement a lot of first -hand materials

Of course, the most memorable thing in the process of searching for the past ten years is to find descendants who have found Xiang Shuangqiu.

Considering that the final unit of Xiang Shuangqiu is Beijing Normal University. I hope to find his family through Bei Normal University. However, Xiang Shuangqiu has passed away for more than 40 years, so he found his family's work in a stagnation state for a while.

Occasionally, I learned from the mouth of an old teacher at the Northern Normal University that his daughter, Lili, had worked in Beijing Mingguang Middle School and may be able to contact. After hearing this news, I was overjoyed and rushed to Mingguang Middle School. Maybe most of the time, things are not as easy as imagined. For the first time, I did not bring an introduction letter, and the second was the responsible staff. It was not until the third time I went to Mingguang Middle School that I got the telephone number and address of Teacher Lili. However, the call provided was not connected, and when I arrived at Lili's residence, she found that she had already moved away. I can only ask the local community neighborhood committee. Even though I explained the intention, the staff still refused to reveal any information about her.

Helpless, find a job again. Fortunately, Kung Fu is worthy of care, and inquiries on the teachers and friends of Beijing for help. One night two months later, a friend sent me a message to provide the latest phone number of Teacher Lili. I was so excited that I forgot to reply to this friend and called the phone directly, but no one answered. Repeatedly dial twice, and no one took it. I tried to send information again, and briefly introduced my situation and reasons. Then wait silently.

That night, the whole person was restless and had no intention of doing other things, let alone let the phone leave my sight, and always felt that the phone would sound. Finally, around ten o'clock in the evening, the ringing sound rang, and the phone came from the phone: "Hello Liu Qi, I am Lili ..." The hanging heart finally fell down, and at the same time, it was exciting. After a lot of time, I found the descendants of Xiang Shuangqiu. After simply communicating with Teacher Lili, the time was agreed to visit the door.

Teacher Li Lili is not big, but the house is filled with the relevant information of her father, Xiang Shuangqiu, which she collected and sorted out. At that time, I had published several articles about the educational thoughts of 邰 邰 当, and Lili also collected and printed. When I learned that I was determined to bring together the works of Xiang Shuangqiu, she was very happy and gave me some unprocessed drafts of Mr. Xiang Shuangqiu, and more than 60,000 words of autobiography poems. This is not only a great support for me, but also a great trust and encouragement.

Since then, under the referral of Teacher Lili, I also saw Mr. Wu Zhongmin, the son of Xiang Shuangqiu, who contacted the other daughter of Wu Shuangqiu Ms. Qingqing. These three teachers are nearly ninety. Every time I meet, I insist on going out to welcome them. Every time I talk, I will take the initiative to care about my family life, and tell me not to do it too hard, just try my best. In them, I deeply felt the style of educators.

During this period, there was another episode. That is, I received a letter from Harvard's student Michael He. He said in the letter that Xiang Shuangqiu was his grandma's uncle. He used to listen to his grandmother about the educator. But after his grandmother died, he gradually lost contact with his family on the mainland. He also read the papers I have published, and came to contact me, hoping to learn more about the stories about Shuangqiu. Later, I introduced him to Teacher Lili, and the two sides also sent a family portrait photo with each other to introduce their respective family conditions.

Close to the public and serve the public, write the dissertation on the field

It can be said that among many modern educators in China, Xiang Shuangqiu is a special and ordinary figure. His "special" is that this well -known person is "as a doctorate, the status of a university professor, but wearing it and the workers"; saying that he "ordinary" is that he is "kind", "very sincere", "walking", "walking, go, go, go and go On the road, no one knows his origin. " Xiang Shuangqiu is active on the stage of the Chinese education community in the first half of the 20th century in the first half of the 20th century.

He made important contributions to the development of China's education with his eager desire and active preparation, with his high shouts and strong calls, and his practical practice of his physical education. Wearing a self -made Chinese -style cloth short suit, he was busy with the banner of "people's livelihood education". Therefore, at that time, people called them with Yan Yangchu, Liang Shuming, and Tao Xingzhi as "the four major monsters in the Chinese education industry." He did not take off the soil gown because he was a doctorate abroad, nor was he far away from workers and peasants because he was a university professor. Therefore, his clothes and his moves often make people misunderstand, even prejudice. Although "weird" is still "Jie", this is also my impression of Xiang Shuangqiu.

According to the memories of the children of Xiang Shuangqiu, during the War of Resistance Against Japan, Mr. Xiang Shuangqiu once wrote that "want to save people's livelihood with only hand, and there is a Dan Xin to report to the motherland." When the Education Experimental Zone was founded in Shanghai and West, Mr. Xiang Shuangqiu took out one -third of his salary every month to rescue the poor.

So I think Mr. Yan has a strong local complex. After he learned his return to China, he did not do something "tall" in the city. Instead, he came to the most backward and simple village in China. On the land of rural areas, he took the initiative to get close to the public, and then served the public, or used us to say that people -oriented and people -oriented. He was completely from the actual situation of China.

Education's first consideration is the livelihood of the public

In the educational concept of Mr. Xiang Shuangqiu, the first thing he considers is how to solve the problem of the public's livelihood, so that the public has the most basic livelihood skills and maintain his economic foundation. For the people, I think this is a highlight of his educational thoughts.

Of course, in today's educational environment, I think Mr. Xiang Shuangqiu’s labor and education thoughts have great inspirational meaning.

In the past, we often said that children only need to read the book in school, but in fact we find that we cannot do this. Now we emphasize the comprehensive development of morality, intellectual, physical and labor, especially for labor. It was proposed that he emphasized that economic labor production must be combined with education.

I went to Henan University he had worked to find information, and found a bookmark "Rice Main Event" compiled by Mr. Xiang Shuangqiu to primary and secondary school students to teach students to grow rice.

He also engaged in experimental fields in school at the time, and personally participated in such labor production, so that students knew the growth of crops and it was not easy to plant grain farmers. He also set up a handmade lesson. All the things he produced can be used and have practical value. So his thoughts have a reference to our labor education today.

In addition, his educational thoughts often faced with the vast countryside. At that time, his idea was to educate it in the village, and set up some mutual aid groups, woven spinning groups, pig raising groups, etc. There are a lot of inspiration.

Mr. Xiang Shuangqiu has been 46 years old. He hopes that the publishing of "Collection" will let us remember him. The educator who has made great contributions to the reform and development of modern education in China.被 Shuangqiu should not be forgotten. History will always remember this history.

Xinhua Daily · Jiaojiao Reporter Fan Jiexun

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