Shi Chao column "Mid -Autumn Festival in Cultural Relics"

Mid -Autumn Festival in Cultural Relics

Tattoos and theme columns in ancient arts and crafts

Zhejiang Museum Shi Chao

The Mid -Autumn Festival originated from the ancient sacrifice of the moon god. The monthly sacrifice is one of the important ceremonies in ancient China. As early as the Zhou Dynasty, the emperor had the customs of the Spring equinox sacrifice of the sun, the summer solstice, the moon sacrifice the moon, and the winter solstice. The term "Mid -Autumn Festival" was first seen in "Zhou Li · Chun Guan". The book has a sacrifice activity of "Mid -Autumn Festival Night Welcome to the Cold". While inheriting the ceremonial ceremony of the first dynasty, the content of the Mid -Autumn Festival is increasingly richer due to the freedom and romantic temperament of the Tang Dynasty, such as Chang'e to run the moon, Wu Gangbu Gui, Jade Rabbit Pin, and Tang Ming Emperor's Night Palace and other myths. Appear. The prevalence of the Mid -Autumn Festival began in the Song Dynasty. The "Class of Celebration of the Yuan Dynasty" promulgated by Jiatai in the Southern Song Dynasty has stipulated a system of the Mid -Autumn Festival vacation one day. At this time, the Mid -Autumn Festival has become a legal festival in celebration.

The Southern Song Dynasty's "Tokyo Menghua Record • Volume 8" records at the time of the Liangliang (Kaifeng) holiday event: "Before the Mid -Autumn Festival, all the shops sold new wines, re -knotted the facade color tower flower head, drawing the rod drunk fairy brocade. Striving for drinking, no wine at noon, no wine, dragging down to look down. It is a new crab crab, pomegranate, pomegranate, pear, jujube, chestnut, grapes, and colorful oranges. Guijia decorations, the people are fighting for the restaurant to play with the moon. Silk is boiling, the residents of the inner court, and the sound of Sheng Shengsheng in the late night is like the cloud. Children in the Lieli, play in the night. Southern Song Wu Zimu's "Mengliang Record Volume 4 • Mid -Autumn Festival": "On the 15th Mid -Autumn Festival on August 15th, the three autumn half this day, so it is called" Mid -Autumn Festival ". '. At this time, Jinfeng is recommended, Yulu is cool, Dangui fragrance, silver toad full, Wang Sun Gongzi, wealthy room, no matter the dangerous building, Linxuan play the moon, or open the wide pavilion, the crickets are listed, the piano is 铿, the discretion is discretion. The wine is singing high, and the joy of the night. To the home of the matte, you also board the small platform, arrange a family banquet, reunite the children, and pay the festival. , Refused to be a virtuality. This night, it is sold on the street, until the five drums, playing the monthly travel, the mother -in -law in the city, the end of the small. Gai Jinwu can't help but why. " "After the Beijing Normal University appreciates the moon, it is different from his county. People in the city do not use the rich and the poor, and those who can go to the twelfth and third, all of which are adults.

In the "Forty Songs of the Night Nights" in Wei Jinle, there is a song "Autumn Youyue" describing: "Looking up at the Mingyue, sending a thousand miles of light." Toad is far away. "Liu Yuxi in the Tang Dynasty had two songs written in August 15th. ; One said, "The sky will be washed tonight, and the world is washed again. The summer retreats, the nine small clear, the Qiucheng is clear. At night, when you see it all the way ... ... Where is the relationship between the world? "

Su Dongpo drank Dan Dan in the Mid -Autumn Festival. When he was drunk, he wrote "Water Tuning Songs" to express his feelings and cast an eternal famous article: "When is the moonlight, the wine is asked," " In the shortage, the ancient is difficult. I hope that the people will last long and the thousands of miles are cicadas. "

Song "I hope people have a long time, thousands of miles together," Mingyue Palace incense furnace mirror

1. Jade Rabbit and Toad

Western Han toad Yutu pattern tile Dangdang Xianyang City Chunhua County West Han Ganquan Palace site unearthed in the Chunhua County Museum of Chunhua County, Shaanxi

National first -level cultural relics, tiles are divided into two parts, the upper and lower parts, the upper half of the relief is a rushing little rabbit. Toads, round eyes, big abdomen and round, tongue stretched. Waidang is vivid and vivid, and is very interesting.

Jade Rabbit and To toad in the Moon Moon Moon Palace

Jade Rabbit and toads on the T -shaped painting (local) of Ma Wangdui

A soul attraction was unearthed in the tomb of the No. 1 Tomb of the Mawangdui Hanyu Tomb in Changsha. In the T -shaped painting with the theme of "Soul to the Soul", in the upper left corner of the picture, the moon is opposite to the sun. There was a fairy supporting the moon upward, and there was a huge toad and a jade rabbit on the moon. The jade rabbit on the picture flew forward, and the back legs jumped backwards, making a tumbling shape, the rabbit was white, and the depicting was very fine. Even the rabbit hair was portrayed. The flowing clouds in the mouth of the jade rabbit, toad, and toad constitute a suitable graphic, which corresponds to both the red sun on the right. The rabbit in the moon has a long history of legend. In "Chu Ci · Tianwen", he wrote "Luminous He De, Death is to be born? There is a cricket in the words of the moon, why is it greedy, and the belly of the moon is looking forward to it.

Han "Chang'e Ben Moon" pattern stone and pioneer in Henan Nanyang Han Painting Museum

The picture of this portrait stone is engraved with a monthly wheel with a toad inside, and Chang'e is engraved on the right, reflecting the distinctive cultural characteristics of the Han Dynasty.

Hanxian Rabbit Pin Patriotic Brick Brick Korea National Central Museum Collection

Han portrait stone in the moon in the moon of the moon in the Moon of the Yutu and toad Xuzhou Han Painting Museum

Han painting like Shiyu Rabbit and toad

Han painting like Shiyu Rabbit and toad

The husband's shrimp, the worm in the middle of the moon, also the angel.

Second, white rabbit pound

In my country's traditional culture, Jade Rabbit has close connection with Mingyue. In the Song Dynasty poet Ouyang Xiu, in the "Answers of Saint Yu White Parrot", there is a word "Rabbit Shengming Moon in the Heaven". In Chinese folk culture, there is a saying that "there is a jade rabbit in the middle of the moon, and the genus is the genus of the puppet". In the Song Dynasty poet Zeng Xun's "Jade Case", the words of the jade rabbit: "The sky breeze blows the jade rabbit. It is only in the past, and the old place." When did the white rabbit pounding medicine appeared? White has been linked to the meaning of longevity since ancient times. Jin Gehong's "Pu Puzi": "Bunny is all long -lived, and those who are 500 years old are white." The white rabbit was considered a symbol of auspiciousness by the ancients. Regarding the white rabbit pounding medicine, the earliest record was Hanle Prefecture's "Hanlefu · Dong Fugu · Shi Shi Xuan Cong Gaoshan": "White Rabbit Chang Kneeling Popular Shrimp Pills, taking this medicine can get the immortal." The popularity of thought is closely. In the portrait portrait and brick paintings of the Han Dynasty, there are often auspicious beasts such as white rabbits, toads, and three -foot Jinwu and the Queen Mother of the West. Due to the status of the immortal fairy, coupled with the pursuit of longevity in the Han Dynasty, in the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty, the phenomenon of the combination of moon rabbits and pounding jade rabbits gradually appeared. The Jin Dynasty Fu Xuan's "What is the Moon" "What is the middle of the month? White Rabbit Pina". At this point, the jade rabbit and the pound medicine rabbit are completely united.

Shaanxi Suidehan portrait stone

Eastern Han Yutu pounding medicine portrait stone

Nanyang Han portrait stone jade rabbit pound medicine pioneer

Northern Shaanxi portrait stone jade rabbit pound medicine

Eastern Han • Zhang Heng's "Lingxian": "I asked the immortal medicine to be in the Queen Mother of the West, Chang'e stole the moon ... Chang'e then supported the moon for the toad." He also said: " There are toads in the portrait stone or murals of the Han Dynasty.

During the Five Dynasties Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, the 11th side of the Guanyin Bodhisattva murals of the sun and the moon

The moon of the bodhisattva clearly depicts the moon rabbit of Jin Chan, Gui Tree and Pinzi

Wuwei Tian Zhu Tuyu Hunxi Wang Murong's Tomb of Moon Palace (Xian Rabbit Pin)

According to the book "Gansu Important Archeology Discovery (2000-2019)", in September 2019, the mural unearthed from the Tuogu period in the Wuzhou period of Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province, Under the tree, the ink painted jade rabbit, from the location and image judgment that appeared, its murals should represent the moon.

Jade Rabbit Pinzi in Song Dynasty Campaign in Song Dynasty, Xin Shao County, Hunan Province

In 2009, when the Hunan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeological Institute inspected the tombs of the Song Dynasty murals in Xin Shao County, he found the "Jade Rabbit Champion Map" on the tomb wall. This picture is located on the top of the cemetery. Filling in the lottery, a round moon rose from a long tail curling flowing cloud. There is a jade rabbit in the middle of the moon. The jade rabbit stands tilt, with a strong body, thick and powerful limbs, and the tail is short and fluffy. The front limbs hold a long pestle tightly, the middle of the pestle is thin, the ends of the two are thick, and the bottom at the bottom is struggling towards the stone trough.

Guiyang Liujialing Song Dynasty mural tomb on the Song Dynasty Jade Rabbit Pinzi

In 2010, when the Hunan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology rescued and excavated the construction site of Liujialing, the west of Guiyang County, a batch of murals were found in the tomb. In the southern murals of the tomb, in the scene in the sky, the painting has the sun with the sun. In contrast to the moon, the list is left and right. In the circle on the right, a image depicts the jade rabbit pounding under the cinnamon tree.月中的桂树树干随圆月边缘弯曲向上，枝叶茂盛、繁密，树下的玉兔垂直站立，形体瘦小，耳朵长直，短尾巴外翘，兔子的头内收，朝下低，正神情专注Watching the medicine pestle in his hand, there was a small mortar close to the feet of the rabbit. It seemed that there was something strong in the mortar.

Hu Yunfa, the Moon Palace of the Song Dynasty

Song "Jinan Liujia Kung Fu Shop" advertising carved version of the fairy rabbit pound medicine pattern

The white rabbit in front of the door shows that the Song Dynasty had a clear awareness of commodity and a sense of time.

Songyue Palace Tattoo Copper Mirror Travel Museum Collection

Yuanyue Palace gossip pattern bronze mirror Liaoning Provincial Museum Collection

The outer circle gossip pattern, the center of the white rabbit pounding, the image of the moon palace.

Yuan Dynasty Longquan Kiln "Guanghan Palace Jade Rabbit" remnants

3. Moon Gong Mirror (Chang'e)

The formation of the Mid -Autumn Festival, Tang Xuanzong is a key figure. In the seventeenth year of Tang Kaiyuan, Tang Xuanzong set his birthday to the fifth day of August to "Qianqiu Festival" ("Tanghui Yao" Volume 29). This is the most important big festival in the Tang Dynasty. At the celebration, Tang Xuanzong would give a gold mirror to officials above the four grades. These mirrors are called "Qianqiu Mirror". "Moon Gong Mirror" is a type of Qianqiu mirror. There are obvious moon wheel patterns on the decoration, or portrayed the mythical elements of moon palace mythology such as longan, Chang'e, toad, and jade rabbit.

In the Tang and Song dynasties, the poets often wrote in Chang'e in the moon, such as the Mid -Autumn poems of Sun Shu in the Tang Dynasty, saying: "If you don't like the moon, watch the moon and look deeper. , I think of Chang'e. There is also Chen Yuan's Mid -Autumn Festival poem in the Song Dynasty: "On the night of August 15th, where the building was more than a month. It was not as good as the Wujiang Bridge, and Chang'e in the crystal palace." There are even poets that compare their hearts and start to embarrass Chang'e. For example, Tang Li Shangyin's "Chang'e" poem said: "Chang'e should regret stealing the elixir, the blue sea is full of night heart." Another example is that the Song people Yan Shu's "Mid -Autumn Festival" poem said: "There is no necessaries that Su E has no hatred, and Yu Chan is lonely in the cold osmanthus." During the full moon, I thought of the loneliness like Chang'e, and there was another meal of pouring wine.

Tang Linghua Moon Palace Mirror Japan Spring House Bo Anpu Pavilion Town Tang Black Claded Guling Flower Moon Palace Palace Palace Palace Museum Tibetan

Tangling Flower Form Moon Palace Copper Mirror Zhejiang Museum Collection

The mirror eight rhombus flowers, the stump buttons, the narrow vegetarian fate. A large tree in the mirror rises from the ground, the trunk is telled, a trivial or split leaves. On the left side of the big tree, a white rabbit stands upright, the ears are erected, and the forelimb is holding the pestle. There was a toad jumping below it. On the right side of the big tree, the fairy danced with the sleeves, holding a bouquet. Each of the diamond petals is decorated with a flowing cloud.

Tang Dynasty Linghua Moon Palace Mirror

Tang Dynasty Linghua Moon Palace Mirror

Tangshui Silver Gulin Flower Moon Palace Copper Mirror Shanghai Museum Collection

The eight -petal diamond -shaped moon mirror, a diameter of 19.7 cm. Cut the inside, the turtle button. On the left of the left is the rising Chang'e, Chang'e's body is slender, dancing, tight -fitting shirts, behind the back, the left hand with a square card with the word "Daji", and the right hand holds a fruit plate. There are three cinnamon in the plate and two slices of cinnamon leaves. On the upper right of the button, a lush cinnamon tree jumps under the laurel tree. At the foot of Chang'e's feet, the white rabbit pestle pounding medicine. In the middle of the button, there is an irregular pool, and the water in the pool is sparkling. There is a "water" on the top. There are two flowers on the back of the mirror. Four flowers and four sets of bee butterfly picked flowers, two of which were facing the buds on the top of the flower branches, and the other two groups of bee butterflies were flying to the flower branches. Because Tang Xuanzong was enthusiastic about Taoism in his later years, Taoism was flourishing, and his thoughts were also integrated into the wind of Mid -Autumn Festival. The spread of the story of Xuanzong tour Moon Palace and the prevalence of Moon Palace Mirror were the result of the impact of Taoism on the concept of Tang and customs.

Tangshui Silver Gulin Flower Moon Palace Tongjing Tongjing Taipei Palace Museum Tibetan

Linghua mirror, mercury ancient. The turtle button, the upper left Chang'e flying to the sky, holding the "Daji" square, the upper right is the cinnamon tree, the toad and the pounding the immortal rabbit are in the lower half. Linghua inner circumcision decorated with animals and plants and cloud patterns.

Tang Dynasty Chang'e Jade Rabbit Linghua Mirror Palace Museum Collection

Chang'e (partial)

19.1 cm diameter. The mirror is an eight -petal rhombus flower shape, and the beast button. The back of the bronze mirror is a moon palace map. On the right side of the button, a laurel tree is lush; Chang'e is elegant, with a hand -up tray, one -handed support, with the word "Daji". There is a pool of water under the mirror button, and the jade rabbit on the left is holding pestle pestle, and the toad on the right side of the pool water is jumping. The edge of the mirror is decorated with butterflies, flowers and moles. The entire decoration highlights the theme of the Moon Palace, and the composition is very novel.

Chang'e Jade Rabbit Linghua Mirror Piece

Tang mercury ancient moon palace pattern round bronze mirror

Tang mercury ancient moon palace pattern round bronze mirror

Tang Round Moon Palace Tattoo Bronze Mirror Zhejiang Museum Collection

Round, toad button. Narrow side. There is a laurel tree in the back of the mirror, a toad on the pole, and the upper right of the cinnamon trees flying the sleeve -shaped, and the left is a jade rabbit. There is a color cloud under Chang'e and the jade rabbit.

Tang Si Shenyue Palace Tap Tong Mirror

The outer circle surrounds the four gods of Qinglong, White Tiger, Suzaku, and Xuanwu. The toad button is Chang'e and Yao Yuyu, the lower part is mountains and the laurel tree in the upper part.

Tangyuan Moon Palace Tattoo Copper Mirror Xi'an Museum Tibetan

Compared with the previous round moon palace mirrors, Chang'e and Yutu have adjusted their positions, and Chang'e also faded the child's breath.

Tang Shuangzhang, Yunlong Moon Palace Mirror Zhejiang Museum Collection

Eight sunflowers, round buttons. The left and right sides of the button are relatively flying. The double wing shows the long tail, the titles are long, and the lunar palace above the button is a longan tree in the circular moon palace. On both sides of the laurel tree are jumping toads and jade rabbit pestle. A plate of dragons flying on the turbulent sea under the button, the Panlong song neck, the forelimb stretching, the hind limbs were slightly curved, and the hind limbs were intersecting with the tail. There is a cloud pattern on each side of the dragon.

Gui tree in the moon palace, pounding Yuxu Rabbit, toad

The Tang Dynasty Shuangyue Palace Palace, the dragon pattern mirror of the dragon mirror of the Shangluo unearthed the Shaanxi History Museum Collection

Fourth, Mid -Autumn Festival

Ming Yutu pounding medicine earrings Dingling unearthed Dingling Museum Collection

A pair of Wanli white jade inlaid gemstone jade rabbits unearthed in Ming Dingling. The upper part is a golden ring, and the lower earrings are a round sheep fat white jade rabbit. Essence Jade Rabbit's eyes are inlaid with rubies. A big ruby ​​at the top is tied with the golden ring. There are 3 cloud head -shaped golden strokes in the lower part of the jade rabbit, 3 embedded gems, cat eye stones in the middle, and ruby ​​on both sides. At the same time, there was a pair of gemstones inlaid rabbits in the Wanli period. The top of the golden cricket was embedded with red gemstones and carved back to the double rabbits.

In the ancient legend, the Queen Mother of the West was the goddess who was in charge of the leader. The Yutu pounding for her was the "immortal medicine" that Chang'e stole. In the later generations, the jade rabbit was used as the immortal medicine of the West Queen, and Chang'e stole it. The myth of Ben Yue turned into a toad into one, and eventually evolved into the myth of jade rabbit and Chang'e in the Moon Palace, and the theme of the jade rabbit's non -dead medicine, also The Ming people are used in the Mid -Autumn Festival customs. These two pair of white jade inlaid jade rabbits pounding medicine gold earrings and ruby ​​rabbits golden crickets were unearthed in the coffin of Queen Xiaoying, Dingling. It should be the time -oriented jewelry worn by Empress Xiaojing in the Mid -Autumn Festival. In the Mid -Autumn Festival in the Ming Dynasty, the palace appreciated the begonia and jade flowers, and the concubines wore moon rabbit patterns and wearing festivals to make jewelry.

In the coffin of the Dingling Emperor Xiaoying, the Dingling Dingling of Dingling in the Shisanling District of Changping District, Beijing, there was a pair of golden rings inlaid gemstone jade rabbit earrings. In the golden ring inlaid gemstone jade rabbit earrings, the rabbit stands upright, ears are erected, the jade color is blue and fine, the ruby ​​embedded eyes, the two front paws hold the pestle to make the medicine shape, and there is a mortar. Essence

Ming Embroidery Mid -Autumn Festival Lingzi

Ming embroidery Guanghan Palace pattern Mid -Autumn Festival Lingzi

Ming Embroidery Guanghan Palace Palace Mid -Autumn Festival Mid -Autumn Festival

Ming embroidery Mid -Autumn Festival makes Jade Rabbit pattern supplement

The Mid -Autumn Festival Mid -Autumn Festival makes the jade rabbit pattern tonic, the Mid -Autumn Festival Mid -Autumn Festival makes the jade rabbit pattern tonic

Ming and Qing Yubutu pound medicine pattern brocade

Ming Dynasty Jade Rabbit Pin Patriotic Pan Embroidery

Moon palace map of the Ming Dynasty, seed embroidery

Ming and Qing Yubu pound medicine pattern embroidery

Ming and Qing Yubu pound medicine pattern embroidery

Ming Dynasty Jade Rabbit Pin Pattern Embroidery

Ming Dynasty Jade Rabbit Pin Pattern Embroidery

Ming and Qing Yubutu pounding medicine patterns

Ming Dynasty Moon Palace Embroidery

Qing Dynasty Embroidery Moon Palace Tunnel Robe (local) San Francisco Asian Art Museum Collection in the United States

The entire Fay Cloth is full of gold and the line with the line. The two -stock line embroidery method embroidered the image of the cloud pattern, the rabbit, the moon palace and other images. It has a special scrub -like texture, and the shiny effect of the golden line is set off.

The Mid -Autumn Festival Month of the Qing Dynasty made up the Fang Metropolitan Museum Collection

In addition to calligraphy and painting art, ancient weaving embroidery also commonly used seasonal festivals. The ancients often decorated with the back of the chest, in order to seek peace and joy. The Mid -Autumn Festival Moon Ling Fang Bu a Mid -Autumn Festival Fangzu, which is a white silk color embroidery. In the picture, the ganoderma fairy grass is embroidered between the landscape of the color line. Under the colorful cliff, a golden laurel is fragrant. The colorful clouds chase the moon on the distance, the stars are accompanied by, the picture is quiet and peaceful, and it is beautiful. In the picture, the stream is embroidered by the net, clear and bright, and the water pattern is dense; the mountains and the ganoderma, Ganoderma, Jingui and other colorful are colorful, and they are all performed with embroidered needles. Essence Jade Rabbit looked back at the Mingyue, hiding a hometown of nostalgia between the silk belt, showing the subtle purity and elegance, which is the representative of the delicate style of the Chinese boudoir embroidery.

Qing Dynasty Jade Rabbit August Flower God Clothing

Naha embroidered jade rabbit lotus bag worn by the emperor of the Qing Dynasty

Late Qing Dynasty Rice satin embroidered Guanghan Palace Tap Copper Mirror Set Lushun Museum Collection

Ming Yutu pound medicine pattern hollow jade belt board

Mingkou Yao Rabbit Minting Pattern Trip Ningbo Museum Tibetan

Celebrate relief carving moon palace map stone bottle

Mingqing, white, jade free Chaotu Bowl Bowl Travel Museum Collection

Qing Kangxi blue and white rabbit pattern shallow bowl

Wallhopon in the bowl. Blue and white decoration in the bowl, painting flowers, butterflies, rabbits and other patterns. Among them, the most striking is the four white rabbits painted in the flowers around the bowl of the bowl. The two osmanthus interlactions are used between the two, and the rabbit looks back at the first look. The animals painted by the center are toads representing the Moon Palace. The outsole is the six -character double -line model of "Baiyun Hall according to the ancient system".

Since the end of the Ming and early Qing dynasties, this type of daily instrument with the theme of jade rabbits in folk kiln is mainly based on plates, bowls, cups, etc., which means "Yutu Si Township". At the time of the mountains and mountains, people often use to express their thoughts on their homeland. In the Kangxi period, this subject matter gradually became popular, and the meaning and content of "acacia" would be wider.

The Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty imitated the Song Yutu Chaoyuan Lushun Museum Collection

In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the elliptical disc (Xian Rabbit Pill) Palace Museum Tibetan in the middle of the Qing Dynasty

Ming imitation Han "Longqing Five -Year Mid -Autumn Festival Mid -Autumn Festival" Tong Mirror Liaoning Provincial Museum Collection

Qing Li Shizhen's "Osmanthus Moon Rabbit Picture" Fan Page Palace Museum Tibetan Mid -Autumn Festival Writing

Qing Yongzheng copper tire painting enamel blackland colorful flowing clouds, jade rabbit autumn fragrance smoke pot Taipei Palace Museum Tibetan

Qing Qianlong Wang Doushan Musk Music Moon Museum Palace Museum Tibetan

The diameter is 4.3 cm and 0.5 cm thick. Ink circular, one side is a curettage of the jade rabbit under the osmanthus tree of the Moon Palace, and the one is filled with the three characters of the golden li script for "Musk Moon". Next to it, there is a Yangwen regular script "Southern Tang Han Xizai system, Hui Ning Wang Doushan imitated pure lacquer cigarettes". Because this product is added with medicinal musk, it also belongs to the mix of high -level gifts and pharmaceutical ink in the Hanging traditional ink products.

Qing Jinnong's "Yuehua Map" Palace Museum Collection

Ming and Qing Dynasties Pinzi Iron Pestal

5. Toad Palace Fighting Gui Gui

Toad Palace is the Moon Palace. In myths and legends, the Moon Palace has a toad with three legs, so it is later called the toad palace. After the Tang Dynasty, the imperial examination system was prevailing. In the Tang Dynasty, the Beijing Division's "Spring Test" and the "Autumn Test" on the local area, while the Northern Song Dynasty examinations were in autumn. In the autumn, osmanthus blooming, the ancients used the imperial examination to climb the moon palace osmanthus to the metaphor of the gold list, named "Toad Palace".

Ming Dynasty osmanthus tree pattern and red round box cover

The flower language of osmanthus symbolizes lofty, auspiciousness, beauty and loyalty. August 15th osmanthus fragrance. Every Mid -Autumn Festival, the sweet aroma of osmanthus can always be passed far and far.

Ming Chongzhen Blue and White Toad Palace Folding Guibao Penja Penkin Watch Museum Collection

This pen holder is flat without glaze, white glaze is applied inside and outside, and underglauds are drawn with blue and white materials under the glaze. This picture uses a banner to set up two scenes. One scene is painted with Guizhi holding Guizhi in the Moon Palace, two maids are painted next to the maid, the other maid is a fan of the fan, and the other maid is observed. A jade rabbit is holding the pestle. The composition of this scene is full, the character image is subtle and quiet, and the paintings are delicate, especially the jade rabbit with pounding medicine, which is very lively and cute. Another scene painted a book standing in the smoky mountain peaks, looking at the moon, seemed to be praying, and the auspicious clouds, peaks, and trees were distributed. This pen tube is blue and white, and the overall picture is suitable.

Qingdao Guang Fancai Two Guamu Nistering Booth, the pattern is based on the story of the toad palace.

Qing Qianlong rosewood embedded Jinyue Guitu Hanging Palace Palace Museum Tibetan

Six, Rabbit Grandpa

The "Rabbit Grandpa" worshiped during the Mid -Autumn Festival in the Gyeonggi area, with mud as the material, painted painting, and rabbit head. It was born in the Ming Dynasty and prevailed in the Qing Dynasty. Old Beijingers also call it "long ear setting light fairy". In the end of the Ming Dynasty, Ji Kun's "Flower Pavilion leftovers" recorded: "The Mid -Autumn Festival of the Beijing Normal University is mostly mud rabbit -shaped, and the clothes are sitting like a person, and their children worship and worship. On the eve of the Qing Dynasty, on the eve of the Mid -Autumn Festival, there were many Rabie Grandpa in the city of Gyeonggi. During the Qianlong period, "Emperor Jing's age Ji Sheng • Cai Bunny" contained: "Jingshi used the yellow sand soil as a white jade rabbit, decorated with colorful makeup, all the wonders, gathered in the moon of Tianjie, and the city is easy." At this time Grandpa Rabbit has become a sign of the Mid -Autumn Festival. After the Qing Dynasty, the function of Rabbit gradually changed from the Mid -Autumn Festival to the Mid -Autumn Festival to play. The image of the Rabbit began to be created by the bold creation of folk artists and gradually became personalized. His rabbit head was personal and holding a jade pestle. Later, a folk artist imitated the opera characters, and carved the Bunny's carved samurai in the armor of the armor, and inserted a paper flag or a paper umbrella. There are also various beasts such as Kirin, Elephant, etc., especially the Rabbit Grandma riding a tiger. Although it is strange, it is the bold creation of folk artists. Riding the tiger is also the oldest classic design. As the Qing Dynasty Fucha Dunchong said in the "Yanjing Shi Ji • Rabbit Grandma Stall", "Every Mid -Autumn Festival, the city of people is sold with a loess to a toad rabbit, which is called the rabbit. And Zhang Gai, those who have a nail bone and have a longevity flag, there are those who ride tigers and are silent. Three feet in the big, the small ruler, the rest of the craftsmanship are beautiful, and the cover is also abused. " Qingnu Plastic Rabbit Grandma Palace Museum Tibetan

Clear clam sculpture Rabbit Grandma Palace Museum Tibetan

Clear clam sculpture Rabbit Grandma Palace Museum Tibetan

Qing Rabbit Grandma Beijing Folk Museum Collection

Seven, moon cakes

"Mooncake", as a dedicated name, was first seen in Wu Zimu's "Menglianglu" and Zhou Mi's "Old Wulin". "Mengliang Lu" reports: "The food snacks in the city are all four o'clock, and they are called, and they are not wrong. "" City food snacks, all four o'clock ", that is, these foods listed include moon cakes, which are foods that are usually sold on the market. They are available in various seasons. Moon cakes were not mentioned under the "Mid -Autumn Festival". It can be seen that the moon cakes at this time are not unique to the Mid -Autumn Festival. Moon cakes have become the official food of the Mid -Autumn Festival, which began in the Ming Dynasty. In the various books of the Ming Dynasty, a large number of descriptions about eating moon cakes in the Mid -Autumn Festival began. The "Wan Department Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Moon Cake" entry written by Shen Bang said: "Shi Xun furniture is a mooncake -made cake, and the size is different. Different, there are hundreds of cakes worth hundreds of dollars. "

Qingyue Cake Model

It can be seen that at this time the moon cakes were specially made in the Mid -Autumn Festival in August and became gifts for each family. And at this time the moon cakes already have various colors, and even have a more luxurious moon cake. Another example is Tian Rucheng's "Journey to the West Lake" saying: "August 15th is the Mid -Autumn Festival, the folk is left with moon cakes, and the righteousness of reunion."

The Qing Dynasty Gu Lu's "Qing Jia Lu" in August records Suzhou "Mooncake": "People give moon cakes for the Mid -Autumn Festival. Fifteen nights, they will be fruits for sacrifice before the moon."

8. Moon appreciation

The term Yaotai comes from the sentence of "Wang Yaotai's 偃, seeing the daughter of the Eya" in the Warring States Period. Yaotai is a table for jade. In the poems, Yaotai is often used as the name of the building. "Xing": "You must believe in the blue song of the orchids, Tongyun is exhausted, don't have Yaotai Qiongxie. Put a round of bright moon, turn the light and clear the night"; Walk through Yaotai, make hands with Ying Ying, Yueyue Juan Ji ". Yaotai appreciates the moon, which means to enjoy the moon on the table of jade construction.

Yuan Hang Guanghan Palace Shadow Green Glaze Pillow Pillow Datong City Museum Collection

Yuan Dynasty Tangming Emperor You Yue Palace Story Silver Disk

Ming Qinghua Yaotai Moon Volunteer Cup 2001 2001 Hubei Museum of Liangzhuang, Hubei Province, Hubei Provincial Museum Collection

The cup is painted with "Yaotai Moonlight Moon". The three groups of character stories are now on the outer wall of the porcelain cup: the first group of old women sitting sideways on the stone pier, standing behind a maid, holding a fan, an old woman standing on the opposite side Young woman, a child on the right side. The second and third groups have a young woman and Yahuan, and the pictures include Yuanshan, Xiangyun and Flowers. The "Yaotai Moon Appreciation Map" is more rare in porcelain. The characters in the picture are in the last round of the round moon, which is inherited from the "Yaotai Step Moon Picture" painted by the Song people.

Ming Wanli Qinghua Chang'e Fairy Tu Mei Bing Guilin Museum Collection

The bottle is elegant, the carcass is dense, the glaze is delicate, slightly gray, and the blue and white is light and clear. The theme pattern of the plum bottle draws the Chang'e immortal picture.

Ming Dynasty Baiyi Black Flower Moon Palace Tibet Palace Palace Museum Tibetan

27.5 centimeters high, which is a Muzhou kiln -based product produced by the people. One side of the clouds surrounding the clouds and the towering Moon Palace in the palace, Chang'e returned to the first flower to appreciate the flowers, and the maid held the box to stand; the other side outlined the calm rabbit with ink color. It can be seen that after entering the Ming Dynasty, Jade Rabbit and Chang'e, as the idols worshiped by the Mid -Autumn Festival, have been widely accepted by all levels of society.

The Palace Museum of the Palace Museum of the Palace of the Palace of "Meiyue Chang'e Map" in the Qing Dynasty

Fees farming, Zhang Xiong painted, golden note, color, color, 17.9 cm long, 52.8 cm horizontal. The Office of the Department of Jindshan, Master Jinshan, adults, Jiazi Qiu August, Yu Bo Fei used to paint Chang'e, Zixiang Zhang Xiong made up plum blossoms. According to the year of Zhang Xiong Sheng's death, "Jiazi" should be the three years of Qing Tongzhi (1864 years ). "" Bear "Zhu Wenyin. This picture is the theme of the popular Chang'e running the moon. The painting of Chang'e Goose Eggs in the painting is classic and beautiful, with a graceful body, and a delicate temperament. It depicts the ideal beauty in people's minds at that time. The paintings painted horizontal branches, its beautiful flowers, successfully set up Chang'e's elegant and elegant fairy appearance. From this, we can see the coordination of the tacit pen and ink between the plowing and Zhang Xiong, and the common aesthetic interest. Zhao Yan's "Bi Mid -Autumn Moon Post" paper, 35, 44.5 cm, the Palace Museum Collection

The "Mid -Autumn Menuki Post" is recorded as a seven -character poem: "Guicai Mid -Autumn Festival is a special circle, and it is the same as Yu Yingcheng. , Siyi closes the night to help Juanjuan. The scale clouds clear the heart of Tianyu, and there can be no chanting chanting. "Its content describes the beautiful scenery of the Mid -Autumn Festival, bright moonlight, and vanity.

Mi Yan's "Mid -Autumn Festival Haiyu Building Poetry Post", paper, 25.2 cm long, 36 cm in horizontal.

This is the works of the Song Dynasty calligraphers, collectors, and collectors: "The poor Huaihai is like silver, and the Wan Daohong Rainbow has educated mussels. The "Tower" is located in Lianshui, Jiangsu. It is the famous Wanghai Tower during the Tang and Song dynasties. Mi Yan once served as the Lianshui Army. Since ancient times, the Haiyu Building has been a scenic spot for literati to make poetry. Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty poet Du Fu described its vast and magnificent landscape with "floating clouds and seas, Hirano entered the Qingxu". Haiyu Tower also often appears in the poems of Mi Yan. For example, in "Burning incense Post", "The rain has not been solved for three days, and the sea is not able to reach it." , But see the fascinating scenery. In the other words "Butterfly Love Flower · Hai Yanlou Playing Moon Works", Mi Yan also mentioned: "Eternal ripples are clear, the sea tower is high, and the tail of the Qinhuai is viewed. The world of palace is the world. "

The Palace Museum of the Palace Museum of the Palace Museum of the Qing Dynasty

Paper color, 136.4 cm long, 62 cm in horizontal. This manifestation of Emperor Qianlong's Hongli enjoy the moon in the breeze. This picture has no authors. The analysis of the creative method should be a combination of Chinese and Western painters.

Moonlight Bodhisattva

The moon god is the object of worship of ordinary people. Buddhists worship the "moonlight to the Bodhisattva", also known as the Moonlight Bodhisattva and the Moon Jing Bodhisattva. Moonlight Bodhisattva is white, multiplied in the goose, holding the moon wheel. Among the immeasurable bodhisattvas of the pharmacist Buddha, he and the Sun Guang Bodhisattva are the most important bodhisattva who are at the top of the top, and adhere to the Fa -rectification of the pharmacist Rulai.

Nine, conclusion

Mid -Autumn Festival is a day of reunion. Let us feel the culture of Mid -Autumn Festival during the tour of ancient Mid -Autumn Festival cultural relics. In the city forest, we still have to feel tender and look up. Nung, moon and new moon……

Reference materials: 1. "Cultural Relics and Stories related to the Mid -Autumn Festival", WeChat public account: Museum 丨 September 6, 2014; 2. Hunan Museum and Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute: "Changsha Ma Wangdui No. 1 Han Tomb "(above). Beijing: Cultural Relics Publishing House, 1973; 3. Hunan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology: "Excavation Briefing of Liujia Ling and Song Dynasty Campaign of Liujia Ling, Hunan," Cultural Relics "2012 2 pages 43-56; 4. Hunan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology : "Introduction to the Cleanings of the Song Dynasty Campaign of the Song Dynasty in Xin Shao County", "Huxiang Cultural and Archaeological Tour" 2009 pages 117-118; 22nd;

Shi Chao, a native of Siyang, Jiangsu. The associate research librarian of the Zhejiang Provincial Museum has been engaged in the research and exhibition of ancient Chinese arts and crafts in the past seventeen years. The editor -in -chief of "Mastel Gold One Zhejiang Unearthed Gold and Silver Ware", "Silver Silver Clothing One Zhejiang Dai Costume" and other books, published "Preliminary Research on Wuyue Guosheng Gold and Silver Ware", "Overview of Zhejiang Unearthed" "Tibetan Eagle lacquerware", "Ancient Chinese Step lacquerware", "Looking at Yang Zongyu's Piano Scholarship Thoughts from the Qinxue", "Use Modern Technology Means to Research Tangqin's Craft Crafts", "Interpretation of the Instead of the Instead of the Instead of the Qin Qin Qin" There are more than ten research papers such as silverware, lacquer wares, and Guqin.

This article has been released by the author's authorization of music arts

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