I cultivated ancient books in Zhejiang University

The dream of spring grass in the unsight pond, Wuye in front of the order is already autumn. A row of brushes, a dish of paste, and a mule, there is such a group of "book doctors" in the ancient book of the Library of Zhejiang University. pulse.

The yellowish pages witnessed the flowing century -old years, and the charm of time was talked about. With the flow of time, the ancient books in the showcase are not afraid of the big waves, and it is still shining. With this question, we walked into the ancient book of the Library of Zhejiang University.

Through the exhibition hall, walk through the corridor, the plaque of the ancient book repair laboratory of Zhejiang University Library has come into view. It turned out that this is a group of "book doctors" clinic and operating table.

Open the veil of the repair of ancient books

Opening the door, I saw various ancient book repair tools such as scissors, mules, enlightenment, needle cone, brush, etc. opened them on the table cases. Under the lighting of the concentrated table lamp, Ying Chaoan of the ancient book repair team is Preparation for the repair of ancient books -modulation adhesive paste. She holds a dish in one hand, holding a brush in one hand, and the paste in her hand in a fixed direction. From time to time, she also twisted a little with her fingers to feel the thickness and maturity of the paste.

"Every time you cook, you will go to the tendon, you can get it slowly. This is the main point of Zhang Yanyuan's cloud in the "Book of Famous Painting". One is the proportion of water and starch, and the other lies in the speed of stirring. "If the water is less, it will become too thick, and the more water will become too thin. Look, the white starch just now has become a transparent cooked paste." "

In addition to the refreshing repair materials such as starch, the equipment in the laboratory is simple and complicated. There are common instruments such as pots and pans, brushes, etc., and precise paper fiber analyzers. In addition to the main members of the restoration team, Ying Chao, who is responsible for the restoration of ancient Western books, also has Han Xiuli, who mainly attaches the direction of Chinese ancient books, and Yan Chunsheng, who joined from the School of Optoelectronics.

However, the environment and condition configuration of ancient books restoration of the Library of Zhejiang University is not so complete at the beginning. The first place for the restoration of ancient books was a narrow room in the Xixi Branch of the Zhejiang University Library. There were only a few people in the restoration team. They could only do some basic line disassembly. Simple".

In 2007, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Further Strengthening the Protection of Ancient Books" and proposed to vigorously implement the "Chinese Ancient Books Protection Plan" during the "Eleventh Five -Year Plan" period. Since then, the protection of ancient books has been in full swing across the country. In addition, in recent years, the popular variety shows such as "China in Classics" and "Ancient Books through time and space" have also given the public a deeper understanding of the restoration of ancient books.

After years of investment and development, with the approval of the State Council in 2009, the Zhejiang University Library was listed as the second batch of key protection units of ancient ancient books. The ancient books in the collection of the Song Dynasty were from the Song Dynasty, so far to the Republic of China. second. On May 21, 2021, the Ancient Books of the Library of Zhejiang University were officially opened. Now the systemic ancient book repair laboratory in the museum has complete detection instruments and complete restoration door categories and youthful restoration teams.

Under the head of Qinghong, Yun Yan renovated her face

However, even with many advanced instruments, it is not easy to completely repair a damaged ancient book. It depends on factors such as the number of pages and the degree of damage. The repair time of different ancient books is different, but it usually takes about one and a half months to better restore their original appearance.

"The first step of the restoration of ancient books is to formulate a suitable repair method." Ying Chao man smiled and pointed at various instruments on the table. "They are the diamond drills that we dare to take the porcelain."

All kinds of damage and stains of ancient books are called book diseases, so repair is also like a doctor. The repair of ancient books is actually similar to the doctor's consultation, which also pays attention to "looking at the question". First of all, you need to understand the damage of the ancient books and the basic characteristics of the paper used in the original book. According to the test, you can use the right medicine to formulate specific repair methods.

In the case of the case where the ancient native was violated or stain extremely serious, before the repair process officially started, it was also needed to clean the hot water of about 80 ° C. Although handmade paper made from bark fiber, bamboo fiber, grass, etc. Due to the special nature of raw materials, it is not easy to soaker with hot water, but it still needs to play a twelve -point spirit during the washing process to ensure that it is all lost.

After that, the processing of insect eyes is the most time -consuming link in the entire process. First, use a repair paper to tear out a piece of paper with a slightly larger shape than repairing the insect hole. After gently brushing the bonding paste, use the tweezers to carefully fit the two. In order to ensure aesthetics and follow the principle of "old as old", the thickness of the overlapping part of the paper needs to be controlled within 3 mm.

After the repair work is basically completed, the water absorption paper is needed to be separated from the two layers of the book pages, and the uneven ancient book pages due to the repair of wormholes are flattened.

Finally, the edges of the ancient books that are fully and dry are neatly tidy, and the parts that are uneven due to repair are flattened. In addition, the ancient books take pictures before and after repair, and the ancient books need to be stored in the repair file.

Zhejiang University Library Ancient Books have more than 180,000 Chinese ancient books, including more than 20,000 ancient books. In addition, it also includes more than 2,000 copies of the Western Museum of Shan's Museum, and the restoration of ancient Chinese and Western books is also similar. Due to the different materials of paper, ancient Western books are not as susceptible to insects as ancient Chinese books. It is more because of insufficient decoration intensity. After long -term reading, the cover and pages are falling off. At the same time, the different printing methods of Chinese and Western language books are required to be more particularly beautiful when the double -sided ancient ancient books are repaired. Generally, Chinese ancient books printed on one -sided printing have room for repair on the back of the handwriting. When a stack of damaged, fragile, and dull book pages rejuvenated their new life under both hands, as if there was another loophole in this big book in history, and another window was contacted with time and space hundreds of years ago. The sense of accomplishment and happiness brought by the completion of repair is naturally self -evident.

Discipline cross -and new and old fusion

"The combination of ancient books and the combination of theory and practice is a very compatible discipline." Ying Chaoan said.

In fact, the impression of this job is different from the public, not only to repair the head, but also communicate and learn with other disciplines. For example, in order to study the problem of insect -proof paper and solve the problem of damaging by insects in Chinese books, the restoration team has dedicated to the habits and breeding methods of insects such as Zhejiang University Insects in order to cultivate samples for experiments. At the same time, the teachers of the ancient book repair laboratory will also actively participate in the teaching and practice of other disciplines. The laboratory is not only a place for the work of ancient books repair divisions, but also the teaching practice base of the School of Art and Archeology of Zhejiang University. The restoration team except Responsible for the practice of professional courses and field visits of students, and will also participate in the SQTP project of undergraduate students.

Although the repair of ancient books is a traditional craftsmanship, with the development of science and technology, some high -precision instruments have also become a powerful partner for assisting repair. Professional research equipment equipped in the laboratory mainly include paper fiber analyzer, fully automatic chroma, vertical computer tensile meter, tear measurement meter, folding resistor, and a relatively high -end coal Raman spectrum analyzer Wait. Paper analysis instruments can help make more accurate judgments on the thickness and color of the raw materials.

Spectral analysis is the special research direction of the ancient book restoration laboratory of Zhejiang University Library. Yan Chunsheng, who joined Zhejiang University of Optoelectronics, is an expert in this area. The accuracy of spectral analysis technology is high, and it can achieve portable and non -destructive detection. Therefore, it is very widely used in the repair and repair of cultural relics, but there are not many domestic and foreign practice in the repair of ancient books. The innovative application of this technology in the repair of ancient books reflects the cross -integration between different disciplines.

So, with the development of science and technology, will the repair of ancient books be completely replaced by artificial intelligence?

Ying Chaoan shook his head. With the help of modern technology, some difficult problems have indeed found a more suitable solution. The repair of ancient books is becoming more accurate and efficient under the analysis of various instruments and digital files. But at present, many details and techniques of manual repair are unable to replace the machine. The rigidity of the machine still cannot adapt to the fragility of ancient books after experiencing wind frost.

"Ancient book repair division is called book doctor, that is, book doctors. The value of this job is to better protect ancient books and inherit Chinese culture." The Opinions of the work of ancient books in the new era emphasized to further promote the protection of ancient books in the new era. The response of the ancient book repair laboratory of Zhejiang University Library responded to the call, and also launched publicity and experience activities such as the restoration of ancient books and the decoration of ancient books for classmates and teachers in the school. The repair of ancient books is not only buried in the laboratory, but also will gradually enter the public's vision, go out of campus, and go to a wider space.

(Qi Yuzi, a student reporter from the People's No. 1 Student of the Rong Media Center of Zhejiang University/Picture Source Zhejiang University Library Zhu Yuanzhi)

Responsible editor: Wu Yalan

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