2022 China Virtual Power Plant Industry Insight Report | 36 氪 Research Institute

Digital technology changes the power market, and resource aggregation in the future is expected.

Source ｜ 36 氪 Studies (ID: kr_research)

Cover Source ｜ Vision China

Virtual Power Plant (VPP) is a aggregation and collaborative optimization of a variety of distributed resources such as distributed power, energy storage, and adjustable load through information technology and software systems. Coordinated management system running in the market and power grid. It can not only be used as a "positive power plant" to supply the system to the system, and it can also be used as a "negative power plant" to increase the load disappearance and cooperate with the system to fill the valley. In the context of the flexible interactive transformation and structure of the source network lotus storage and the structure towards the low -carbon transformation method, vigorously develop the virtual power plant to promote the balance of supply and demand of the power grid, realize the low -cost connection of distributed energy sources, and fully eliminate the power generation of clean energy. Promoting green energy transformation is of great practical significance.

Development Environment

Policy environment: The power market is continuously open, providing strong support for the participation of virtual power plants to participate in transactions

The main function of virtual power plants is to aggregate multiple types of energy to participate in the operation of the power market, and promote the optimized allocation of power resources with market means. Because the three parties of power generation, transmission and distribution, and power consumption in my country's energy system are relatively independent and lacking a certain market interaction mechanism in the early stage, the construction and development of virtual power plants must be based on the support of relevant government policies promulgated by the government. In recent years, in order to adapt to the transformation of energy structure, the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration have issued a series of policies to promote the improvement of the national unified power market system, support the cultivation of multiple competitive market entities, and encourage virtual power plants to participate in the power market transaction and system operation regulation. A number of policy documents such as the "Fourteen Five -Year Plan" Modern Energy System Plan (Development and Reform Energy [2022] No. 210) have all proposed that my country will improve the construction and operation mechanism of new power systems, improve the in -depth use of renewable energy, and The power grid system transported by wide -area transportation improves the market mechanism that adapts to the new power system, improves the construction and operation mechanism of flexible power supply, and conducts a virtual power plant demonstration of various types of resource aggregation. At the same time, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Guangdong and other places have continued to explore the actively responding to peak -cutting and filling needs through virtual power plant projects to improve the efficiency of power system operations. The successive introduction of state and local policies has provided a good policy environment for the construction and development of virtual power plants.

Technical environment: communication network support, emerging technology integration applications to improve the effectiveness of virtual power plants

my country's key technologies such as coordination and control, intelligent measurement, information and communication and other virtual power plants have developed rapidly. Among them, communication technology is relatively mature, and coordinated control and intelligent measurement technology have made great progress. In addition, technologies such as energy storage, information security protection, new energy power generation, and active support have continued to innovate and breakthrough, providing important driving forces and guarantees for virtual power plants. At the same time, emerging digital technologies such as the Internet of Things, blockchain, big data, artificial intelligence, and digital twins accelerate the promotion and application in the power system, and improve the security of virtual power plants in terms of operation and maintenance, information interaction, market transaction, and control strategies. And economical. For example, my country's largest 5G network has been built in China, and the power optical fiber special network and power wireless special network have been built. It provides basic support for virtual power plants to achieve monitoring videos, rapid data convergence and transmission, massive intelligent terminal interconnection management, improvement of interactive levels, and data exchange. Essence

Market environment: tightening supply and demand, outstanding economic benefits, virtual power plant markets broad

On the demand side, the relationship between power supply and demand in my country is tightening, and the contradiction between the poor power peak valley is increasingly prominent. The annual maximum load of more than 95%of the peak load has been accumulated for less than 50 hours, and it is urgent to deal with reliable solutions. On the supply side, the increasing maturity of technology has prompted the cost of virtual power plants to decline. According to the calculation of the State Grid, the peak-cutting of the power system through the thermal power plant is required to meet the 5%peak load of 400 billion yuan; and through the virtual power plant, investing in construction, operation, and incentives only costs 50-60 billion yuan.

Current status of development

Industrial chain structure: composed of upstream basic resources, midstream system platforms, downstream power needs

(1) The upstream basic resources mainly include adjustable loads, distributed power supply and energy storage equipment. The key applications of adjustable loads mainly include industry, construction and residents. Different application scenarios have different potential potential. The adjustable load of commercial and public buildings is mainly air -conditioning, lighting, and power, accounting for about 25%of the building load. Residents' adjustable load distribution, small single -point capacity, and more difficult to aggregate. The distributed power supply refers to a small -scale generator set at the site and nearby, including small -scale burning machines, small photovoltaic and small wind power, hydropower, biomass, fuel cells and other combinations. Energy storage equipment can be divided into mechanical energy storage, chemical energy storage, electromagnetic energy storage and phase transformation energy storage. In practice, various resources are often mixed and mixed, especially in the adjustable load, more and more self -use distributed energy and energy storage, or the formation of microfinance and the LAN and the LAN as a virtual power plant. Secondary control unit.

my country's virtual power plants have huge resources. According to estimates, adjustable load resources exceeded 50 million kilowatts, distributed power installed capacity exceeding 60 million kilowatts, user -side energy storage capacity is about 1 million kilowatts, electric vehicle energy storage reaches 30 million kilowatts, and the above resources are still in a rapid rise.

(2) Mid -reunion resource aggregates mainly rely on the Internet and big data to integrate, optimize, dispatch, and decision -making data information from all levels to enhance the unified coordination and control capabilities of virtual power plants. It is a key link in the industry chain of the virtual power plant. my country's virtual power plants are still in its infancy, but the market demand is huge. Therefore, my country's resource aggregation providers have carried out research and exploration for a variety of routes. The first is to obtain a contract that provides auxiliary services and obtain compensation. By regulating auxiliary services such as peak -cutting valley reclamation, controlling controlled resources is provided to provide power generation capacity. Behavior, agency power purchase business, provide users with intelligent power consumption solutions; third, guide distributed power to participate in market transactions in the best way, including signing transaction contracts and determining bidding methods. (3) The downstream of the industrial chain is the power demand party, consisting of power grid companies, electricity sales companies and large users. As a power grid operator, the power grid company is an important buyer in the power market. The electricity sales company includes an independent electricity sales company, a power sales company with the right to operate the network, and the power sales company in the power grid field. Large users mainly refer to large industrial and commercial electricity users who can directly participate in the power wholesale market transactions. The provinces have designed their own large user standards from the aspects of electricity consumption, voltage level, and industrial categories.

Practice application: my country has transformed from invitation to the market, demand response, peak transfer services have more practice

my country's virtual power plants are in the stage of invitations to market -oriented transformation. The virtual power plant projects carried out by all provinces are mainly pilots, and a mature set of technical solutions have not yet been formed. In the auxiliary service market, there are many practical projects for peak -cutting services through demand response. In terms of profit model, my country's virtual power plants collect service fees from controllable resources on the one hand to help them participate in market transactions; on the other hand, they can also obtain demand response compensation cost differences. At present, my country has not yet constructed unified standards in the operation rules of virtual power plants, the scope of resource aggregation, and the coordination control strategy of new energy sources, and the scheduling algorithm, and there is a lot of room for development.

Competition pattern: players in many fields have layout, and power grid information companies occupy the mainstream

As a high -intensive industry in capital, resources and technology, virtual power plants have a certain entry barrier. However, due to the huge development potential of the industry, it has attracted enterprises to enter the bureau in many areas. The types of enterprises are diverse, but the market concentration is not high and competition is fierce. First, the information -based sector enterprise in the power grid field, relying on the experience and technology in the field of power, communication and the rich information and communication resources of the power grid company, has the innate advantages of carrying out the business of virtual power plants, and has become the main force of current demonstration projects. , Far -beam software, etc. Second, the provider of smart energy and IT fields, mainly relying on the system development, control measurement, digital transformation and other technical reserves of the energy field to achieve optimization of virtual power plant systems. Through cooperation with enterprises in the field of energy, we can achieve resource integration and business expansion. Huawei, Easy Special, Jinzhi Technology, Kelu Electronics, etc. Third, enterprises in the fields of new energy, new energy storage have also carried out the research and development and layout of virtual power plant technology, such as Tianzheng, Electric Relief Technology, Guineng Ri Xin.

Development outlook

The release of supply and demand potential will promote the significant growth of the market size of the virtual power plant

Globally, the development of virtual power plants in developed countries in Europe and the United States has formed a certain scale, and the demand for virtual power plants in the Asia -Pacific region will grow further. The consulting agency PS predicts that the global virtual power plant market will increase from US $ 192 million in 2016 to US $ 1.188 billion in 2023, with an average annual compound growth rate of more than 30%. my country's virtual power plants are still in the initial stage of development, and the development potential on both sides of supply and demand is huge. The clear transformation goal is to open up the new market incremental market increase in the development of my country's virtual power plants, while the construction of related facilities can meet market demand well, and the industrial scale is expected to expand rapidly.

Resource aggregates are expected to become the protagonist of the virtual power plant and even the power industry

Resource aggregates are expected to become the protagonist of the power industry ecology. On the one hand, resource aggregates are expected to promote the efficiency of power systems through algorithm optimization and business model innovation. At present, my country's resource aggregation providers have more resource optimization in the power trading market and auxiliary service markets respectively. In the future, resource aggregates are expected to become a shared service platform. The proxy of the supply and demand resources will be associated with the large power grid after the supply and demand resources are balanced on the side of the distribution network, thereby promoting the improvement of the entire power market supply and demand efficiency. On the other hand, the scale of resource aggregates will be further expanded. As the types and quantities of distributed energy are increasing, the distribution space is becoming more and more wide, and some aggregates will eventually become a cross -type, wide -area source network lotus storage integrator, playing a pivotal role in the power industry.

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Digital technology change power market

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