Case alarm 丨 How to prevent limited space operation accidents?

Case warning

How to prevent limited space operation accidents?

In recent years, there have been many incidents of workers' injuries. The death of crew or the injury of crew will have a devastating impact on the family, which has also had a great impact on the shipping company. As a special transportation tool, the ship is lower than the accident when the crew enters the limited space operation. Compared with the shore, the probability of timely treatment is lower. The following editors take you to start with typical accidents, sort out the prone to accidents, and propose targeted prevention measures.

Focus

Typical accident case

What is a limited space and closed place

Basic requirements of the operation at the closed place

Proposal

Typical accident case

Typical accident case 1

On May 25, 2019, the XX company "Golden XX" cargo wheel was repaired in the dock, which caused a large amount of carbon dioxide system to release a large amount of carbon dioxide in the ship's cabin in an accidental opening of the ship's carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system. People are injured.

Typical accident case 2

On May 5, 2021, the XX Shipyard's new 1,80,000 tons of H1502 bulk cargo ship was not implemented without implementing the limited space operation prevention measures, and the operators entered the limited space demolition of temporary U -shaped management operations. Cause two people to die.

Typical accident case 3

On August 4, 2021, during the anchoring of the Tianjin "Xiangfa Light XX" wheel in the Putian Water in Fujian, three crew members died of poisoning in the stroke of the inside and carried by the field side side.

Typical accident case 4

On May 28, 2021, during the "Wu Xuan XX" round of Guangxi's "Wu Xuan XX", during the gates of Guiping's East Tower Water, two crew members suffocated and died when they entered the cargo cabin.

What is a limited space and closed place

The so -called limited space refers to closed or partially closed, relative to the outside world, and the entrance and exit are relatively narrow. The operators cannot work inside for a long time. The natural ventilation is poor, which can easily cause toxic and harmful, flammable and explosive substance accumulation or insufficient oxygen content. Essence

The so -called closed place refers to the ship office with one of the following conditions:

· There are restricted entrances

· Insufficient ventilation

· Design is continuous with personnel homework

In popular terms, most of the navigation industry is used to calling the above venues as "closed places", and the corresponding national standards are the "Safety Regulations for Preventing the Hyoxy Dangerous Operations in the Wasteen of Oxygen in the Seal" (GB16993-2021). Other industries generally make the above-mentioned venues into "limited spaces", with more national standards, such as "Safety Regulations for Hyxidestration Dangerous Operations" (GB8958-2006).

The closure of the ship is mainly included, but it is not limited to the cargo cabin, double floor bottom, fuel cabin (cabinet), cargo pump room, cargo compressor room, isolation empty cabin, anchor chain, empty cabin, box -shaped keel, protective layer, protective layer, protective layer, protective layer, protective layer, protective layer, protective layer, protective layer, protective layer, protective layer, protective layer, protective layer, and protective layer. The room, boiler, engine curved box, engine sweeping box, sewage cabinet (cabin), and neighboring places that are not available to place the same air environmental characteristics as the ship's closure.

What are the characteristics of closure

01

The closed space is a tangible space, relative to the outside world, can be closed or partially closed.

02

The closed space is limited to its own volume, shape, and structure. Most of the imports and exports are relatively narrow, or the settings of import and export are not convenient to enter and exit.

03

The closed space has not been designed to consider lighting, lighting, and new air volume in accordance with the fixed workplace, and personnel only enter temporary work when necessary.

04

Poor ventilation of closed space can easily cause toxic and harmful, flammable and explosive substance accumulation or insufficient oxygen content.

The security risk at the closed place

Poisoning

The source of the toxic gases in the closed place includes: volatilization of toxic substances stored in the closed place; the decomposition of organic matter produces toxic gases; toxic gases are generated during welding, coating, etc.; connected or similar equipment, and the leakage of toxic substances in the pipeline. When the concentration of toxic gas exceeds the "GBZ 2.1-2019), there may be risk of poisoning.

Hypoxia

The volume score of the oxygen content in the air is about 20.9%, the range of the oxygen content should be 19.5%-23.5%, and the oxygen content is hypoxic when the oxygen content is lower than 19.5%. Oxygen will affect multiple systems and organs of the human body. When the oxygen content is less than 6%, people can die within 40s. In the closed place, the accumulation of simplicity asphyxia gases or oxygen consuming chemical reactions may cause hypoxia.

Blast

When the combustible gases such as methane and hydrogen accumulated in the closed place, as well as combustible dust such as aluminum powder, corn starch, and coal, mixes the air to form an explosive mixture. When rubbing sparks, electrical sparks, static sparks, etc., explosions will occur. Therefore, the concentration of flawed gas in the closed place should be lower than 10%of the lower limit of the explosion.

· other

There may also be security risks such as drowning, falling, electric shock, electric shock, object blows, mechanical damage, burning and high humidity and other safety risks.

Basic requirements of the operation at the closed place

air quality:

① The oxygen concentration is always greater than or equal to 19.5%(with volume ratio), and less than or equal to 23.5%(by volume ratio);

② Relevant provisions of the concentration of toxic and harmful gas comply with GBZ 2.1 occupational contact limit;

③ The concentration of combustible gas is less than or equal to 1%of the lower limit (LFL).

Personnel abilities: ① Divided into the person in charge of the operation, operators, and guardians, should have corresponding ability and through the corresponding training.

② The person in charge of the operation should have sufficient safety theoretical knowledge and practical experience. After relevant laws and regulations, international conventions, and related management requirements, and the method and procedures of operational risk assessment methods and procedures, instrument use, emergency evacuation and accident rescue procedures, emergency exercise procedures, emergency exercises Training with skills and other content.

③ The operators and guardians should fully understand the safety procedures for entering the closed place, and have been trained by the protection and first -aid knowledge of hypoxia, toxic and harmful enterprises, precautions such as instrument use and safety operations.

Safety program:

① Regularly identify and evaluate a closed place to form a list of closed places.

② Establish an emergency rescue plan for the hazardous operations in the closed place.

③ According to: risk assessment → safety base → ventilation → air detection → entering preparation → operation license → safety protection → interrupt suspension → operation of safety procedures to ensure operation safety.

Proposal

Corporate level

1. Instructions for formulating homework

Perform strict risk assessment according to relevant procedures, identify the security risks of entering the closed place, clarify the list of closed places, and formulate work notes and emergency plans.

2. Regular testing equipment

Combined with ship maintenance requirements, it is equipped with and regularly check the test gas detector, respiratory, communication equipment, ventilation equipment, medical stretcher, emergency drug box, etc. to ensure that the relevant facilities and equipment are good and available.

3. Organization personnel training

Training for new employment and transfer personnel, in accordance with the different standards of the person in charge of the operation and the operator (including the guardians), guide them to be familiar with all closed places and master the corresponding safety knowledge and emergency knowledge. For the training of facilities on the ship, the company should follow the guidance and supervise the implementation.

4. Carry out emergency drills

For international navigation ships, emergency drills should be carried out at a frequency of not less than 2 months. The exercise content should include the inspection and use of safety facilities, communication equipment, gas detectors, rescue equipment, and emergency assistance procedures and medical assistance drills. The company should follow the guidance and supervise the implementation. Domestic navigation ships do not have a clear frequency of exercise, and it is recommended to organize exercises regularly.

Ship level

1. Carry out training

Refer to the above requirements to conduct training and drills.

2. Implement the license system

Strict implementation of the operation approval system, the head of the department is usually responsible for formulating the operating plan, and the captain can be implemented after being approved by the captain. It is strictly forbidden to enter the closed space without approval.

3. Implement full -process monitoring

Designate a special person as an on -site conductor, responsible for organizing, conducting and coordinating in the operation, supervising and preventing and controlling the entire process of homework. At the same time, rescue personnel shall be specified.

4. Confirm the condition in advance

Before entering, a thorough and uninterrupted ventilation should be performed. The supervisor should detect the air in the closed place. The oxygen content of the closed cabin room should not be less than 19.5%, the carbon dioxide content is not higher than 2%, and the toxic and harmfulness should be harmful. The content of the gas should be 0.

5. Test communication equipment

Test the communication equipment between the closed cabins indoor and outdoor personnel, and the communication equipment should be explosion -proof; before entering the closed cabin, a simple emergency contact or evacuation signal should be agreed to take necessary security measures in the case of communication failure or interruption; A good line of respiratory, seat belt, and life rope, stipulate the internal and external contact signals, the outer end of the life -saving cable must be rooted, the exit is guarded by a special person, and often keeps contact with the personnel in the cabin; prepare medical rescue facilities.

6. Do personal protection

Enter the staff should wear tight work clothes, work shoes, helmets and gloves, and carry necessary lighting tools. When entering the closure of flammable and explosive gases, wearing and carrying tools must fire and explode.

7. Set a warning mark

Set up temporary fences at the closed place, and place "without permission, prohibit enter" warning logo, arrange special personnel on duty; notify the relevant departments to name the relevant equipment and control valves, and put on the security symbol of "prohibiting start" or "prohibit opening" security sign Card.

8. Ensure that ventilation is in place

During the operation, maintaining continuous ventilation and testing of the workplace, if the interruption time of the operation exceeds half an hour, it must be re -tested before entering.

9. Emergency evacuation in time

In emergency situations, wearing a compatriots must be worn to enter the hypoxic operating place. If the operating environment worsens, it should be immediately prompted to interrupt the operation and evacuate immediately.

10. Do a good job of emergency assistance

Once suffering and poisoning accidents occur, the on -site risk must be evaluated to determine that before the cabin can be safely entered to implement rescue, no personnel may enter the cabin to rescue; enter the operation site to participate in the rescue personnel, we must wear a compact respirator, and there is a special person to cooperate. Prevent two accidents.

Source: Fujian Maritime

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