High -altitude, deep sea, underground ... invisible, but becoming a new outlet in the future
Author:Look at the think tank Time:2022.09.07
At a high altitude of 80,000 meters, in the deep sea of 10,000 meters, in the underground of 2 kilometers ... microorganisms are everywhere and there are many types. It is estimated that 99%of them have not been recognized by us.
300 years ago, the Dutch scientist Levinhu Ke first discovered microorganisms and opened the era of microbial research, development and utilization. The cyclic use of plants, animals, and microorganisms is the essential characteristics of agriculture. The intervention of modern technology makes the development of microorganisms and uses a miracle in the agricultural field -invisible and invisible microorganisms have been regarded as the new outlet of future agriculture. Essence
So, how important is microorganisms to future agriculture?
8 words: "There is nothing, and nine increases."
Text | Liu Qi State Council Special Researcher, Member of the Central Agricultural Office and expert consulting committee of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
Edit | Li Yafei Watch Think Tank
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1
Add chain, lengthen the industrial chain
With the development of science and technology, human agriculture has extended from the traditional mid -view world to the macro world and the micro -world, and explores space seeds, space breeding, and Mars globalization in the macro world. The six major areas of three materials and two products, namely: microbial feed, microbial fertilizer, microbial energy fuel, microbial food, microbial drugs, microbial cleaner. All six areas can develop many products, generate many new industries, and continuously extend, widen, and thicken the agricultural industry chain.
On March 28, 2022, a staff member on a farm in Pulandian District, Dalian, Liaoning worked overtime to produce microorganistic organic fertilizers. Figure ｜ Vision China
At present, the technology research and development of these six major areas is relatively mature. However, because the public's awareness of microorganisms and utilization is not high, its inestimable economic, social value, and ecological values are far from forming social consensus. In general, the social application surface is narrow, the development depth of development, and the benefits of small benefits, and the potential for the development of microbial agricultural agriculture is to be tapped.
For industrial changes, microorganisms are the first.
2
Increase energy, develop energy chain
Kissinger once predicted: Whoever controls the oil, whoever controls all countries; whoever controls the currency will control the world; whoever controls the food will control everyone in the world.
However, the fossil fuel pollution environment represented by oil and is currently exhausted, solving the energy problems of the rapid increase in economic and social development. Wide and low cost, almost unhappy with geographical factors, and have more advantages.
On March 14, 2013, the technical personnel of Shijiazhuang Refining and Chemical Microalties breeding demonstration bases regularly extracted algae samples to monitor the growth of algae species, using carbon dioxide as carbon dioxide as carbon sources, and microalga "eat" carbon dioxide and "production" biological diesel will become it will become become a biological diesel will become a biological diesel. Reality. Figure ｜ IC Photo
Sinopec actively carried out the exploration and research of biological energy. A few days ago, good news came from the first Shijiazhuang refining microalgae breeding demonstration base with carbon dioxide in my country as carbon dioxide. Reality. Realizing the emission reduction through biological absorption of carbon dioxide is an important way for the green development of the refining industry. Bio -absorbing carbon dioxide is the most primitive and most effective method of carbon solidarity on the planet. Microalonia is one of the creatures that can be carbon. It has the advantages of high photosynthetic efficiency, rapid reproduction, and strong environmental environment. 10 to 50 times. It can be used as the basic raw material for biological diesel to achieve recycling. In 2011, the Research Institute of Petrochemical Sciences and Shijiazhuang cooperation cooperated with Shijiazhuang to carry out the research on the topic of "refinery carbon dioxide and emission reduction technology and oil -producing microalgae breeding technology", and established a demonstration base in the enterprise. Through algae screening, domestication, adjustment of medium formulas, and optimized breeding conditions, the technical staff successfully realized the efficient cultivation of carbon oil production of refineries and carbon dioxide of refineries and the efficient breeding of Yusheng Red Ballo. The completion of the Shijiazhuang refining microalgae breeding demonstration base has laid the foundation for the development of carbon dioxide emission reduction and microalgae biological energy technology.
At present, biotechnology has been used to decompose the development of the energy chain, and the four major areas of biological diesel, fuel ethanol, biogas, and hydrogen production have been formed. Among them, biogas has been used in many places in my country, and biomass fuels are strong.
The use of microbial fermentation technology to transform crop straw into a new technology of crop straw into energy fuel has basically matured, which has changed the disadvantages of previous chemical technology decomposition and transformation and pollution environment.
According to estimates, after the promotion of this technology, only crop straw can increase the income of 500 yuan per mu, and build a township initial processing, enterprise out of intermediate products, and then transform into various terminals such as fuel ethanol, textiles, pharmaceuticals and other types of pharmaceuticals. The industrial system of the product has continuously led the industrial chain, enhances the value chain, and expands the function chain.
Scientists at Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, also used microorganisms to convert carbon dioxide into fuel, bringing new hope for human beings to get out of energy predicament.
For the energy revolution, microbial agriculture is unique. 3
Green, open the circular chain
In the "three things" agriculture, microorganisms restore plant straw and animal feces into the soil. One can clean the environmental hygiene, collecting and using the residual waste of the animals and plants, including human and animal manure, is undoubtedly the purification of the production and living environment. Second, the soil can be improved, and the eight major diseases caused by long -term excessive fertilizer, pesticides, etc. "Board, poverty, shallow, sour, salty, dirty, and miscellaneous", which has a good repair effect. Crop growth environment.
Studies have shown that using nitrogen in microorganisms on non -beancopes (such as rice, vegetables, fruit trees), etc., will not only reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, increase the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, reduce pollution to the environment, maintain ecological balanced ecological balance, , Also increased the number of crop output 5%to 30%, and greatly improved the quality of agricultural products. Sanke constructs a cyclic chain of the three -material microbioplasm that was interrupted by petroleum agriculture. Without the participation of microorganisms, green agriculture, organic agriculture, circular agriculture, and ecological agriculture will all be empty words.
It can be seen that microorganisms are the guards who guard the green mountains and green mountains, and are great heroes of ecological safety, food safety, and food safety. The application of biological fertilizer in the United States has accounted for more than 50%of the total fertilizer, and only about 10%of my country.
The central government proposed to promote the structural reform of agricultural supply side, which is to fully implement the new concept of green development, use biotechnology to improve the soil, purify water quality, and ensure the quality of agricultural products from the source.
For ecological civilization, microbial agriculture does not humiliate the mission.
4
Value value to increase the value chain
New materials, new energy and biotechnology are three frontier technology in modern times. Biotechnology has merged with life sciences and has become the most concerned "Xuexue". Japan's cure drugs called "Tiandi Xin" from shiitake mushrooms have been sold to more than 1,600 yuan per milligram.
Taking my country's edible fungi as an example, the output has increased by more than 700 times since the reform and opening up, and the output value has become the fifth largest agricultural product after vegetables, grains, fruits, and Chinese medicinal materials. It is separated to the edible bacteria, and it has ranked fourth.
The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization has regarded mushrooms as a broad grain, participating in the world's grain heroes, and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, known as the "Academician of Mushrooms", the chairman of the International Pharmaceutical Society, and Li Yu, a national poverty alleviation model, also won the "Food Hero "title.
He summarizes that edible fungus has five unsatisfactory characteristics: not fighting with others, not fighting with food, not fighting with the ground, and not competing with other resources with other farmers.
According to Academician Li Yu, 10 million tons of crop straw plus 10 million tons of cow dung can theoretically produce 7 million tons of bisperus mushrooms. Mushroom protein content is calculated at 30%, which is also equivalent to producing 4 million tons of milk, or 920,000 tons of eggs, or 600,000 tons of meat.
my country's annual output of crop straws is about 900 million tons and 3.8 billion tons of livestock and poultry feces. Even if 10%of crop straw and livestock and poultry feces are used to produce edible fungi, it is also an amazing value -added space.
This is only food and drugs in the six major development areas of microorganisms "three ingredients, two products, one dose", and other areas can also see the leopard. It is particularly noteworthy that this value -added is an appreciation of the incompetence. It is a value -added of ordering grass to make money, dung into gold, and disintegrated gold. Fertilizer is involved in the cycle of three objects, the fertilizer effect is not reduced, and the harm of diseases and insects can be reduced.
With the deepening of microbial research and development technology, small mushrooms are not only becoming high -end health products, high -end beverages, food, and medicines, but also high -end cosmetics and textile materials, decorative materials, and architectural materials. my country has become the world's first major producer and consumer country, and there are dozens of companies with more than 200 tons of Nissan. However, the shortcomings of the sources seriously restrict the development and affect the improvement of the value chain. For example, we have to pay a patent of 3 cents in Japan.
The advent of "Chinese Music Valley (Hefei)" will make due contributions to solving the shortcomings of the source of the seed source.
Note: "Chinese Music Valley (Hefei)" was co -constructed by the Hefei Municipal People's Government and Jilin Agricultural University. Leaded food (medicine) bacteria industry highland.
Through the advantages of the discipline and industrial policy of the comprehensive national science centers of aggregation of Hefei, the project aims at the international frontiers of the bacterial industry developed by the development of the fungus industry led by the food (medicine) industry, and breaks through a series of core common technologies for the core of the fungus industry. The bacteria industry of Hefei Food (medicine) is made into a leading place in China and gathered in high -end industries, establishes the first domestic fungus industry innovation cluster, and radiates the development of the Yangtze River Delta and the national food (medicine) industry.
The project construction period is 5 years, with a total investment of 500 million yuan, and the output value is expected to reach 10 billion yuan within five years.
Under the leadership of Academician Li Yu, the nation's industry elite collection combined with fertilizer will be the research and development of fungus sources, the promotion of fungus production, deepening of fungus processing, and the development of the fungus market. The big food needs tell a good Chinese story.
Facing efficiency and appreciation, microbial agricultural prospects are unlimited.
5
Increase food and expand the food chain
Human consumption has a long history. Edible fungus is a "old member" in the human food family, but today it has become a "new and expensive". High -end feasts are particular about "no mushrooms".
On May 28, 2022, workers at the factory -cultivation demonstration base of Qingdao Green Home Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd. were inspected the fungal bag on the three -dimensional cultivation rack. Figure ｜ Xinhua News Agency
Under the guidance of the big food concept, the healthy dietary structure of "one, one vegetarian, one mushroom" is increasingly accepted by people. More and more edible fungus has become a new and valuable on the table. Edible bacteria such as jade fungus, gold ear, more thanhistan, cordyceps, and red cordybenus are becoming more and more popular and sought after.
At present, more than 80 kinds of edible fungi that have been discovered can be artificially cultivated, and nearly 30 kinds of commercial production can be achieved, making people's choices more diverse and rich.
As the demand for food food is more diverse, we must not only need food from plane spaces such as the cultivated grassland forest and ocean, but also to eat food from three -dimensional space; Don’t see and touch the food chain constantly expand the food chain to meet the happiness of the people on the tongue of the people with more and more high -quality mushrooms.
The Lin Zhanzhang team of Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University grows bacteria in the desert to produce edible fungi. Scientists of the Chinese Academy of Sciences use carbon dioxide to produce starch to show the reality and future scenes of microorganisms "out of nothing" and increase food sources.
Facing food China, microorganisms are brilliant on the tip of the people.
6
Increase space and build a multi -dimensional chain
Edible fungus is like a humid and dark environment. It does not require the sun. The undergrass, grass, deserted beachs, and air -proof holes can be produced. They do not compete with food, and do not compete with other crops.
The popular TV series "Shanhai Love" tells the use of desert and deserted mountain planting bacteria to develop edible fungi, and build a multi -dimensional industrial chain such as grass and bacteria. The long -established underwriting, rice fields, and mushrooms are the initial stage of three -dimensional planting of edible bacteria and space. With the advancement of modern technology, edible fungus enters the stage of three -dimensional, factorized, and anniversary.
The smart mushroom room created by Academician Li Yu's team integrates more than 40 patented technologies, which is suitable for large -scale factory mushroom production, but also can be moved in the front house of farmers' houses and courtyards and sun -to -sunrs. Three -dimensional production.
This kind of land -saving intelligent device is tantamount to increasing cultivated land space resources. Compared with grain, oil, breeding and economic crops, the three -dimensional chemical planting technology of edible fungi is the most mature and the benefits are the most considerable. It is an effective measure to protect the red line of cultivated land and hiding grain.
Facing food on the ground, microbial agriculture creates "ground" by air.
7
Increase health and extend the chain of life
In the field of food, microorganisms are healthy foods. The production of edible fungi does not need to apply chemical fertilizer pesticides. It is rich in protein, bacterial polysaccharides, tri-crickets, and essential amino acids, vitamins and various minerals for the human body, especially the protein content exceeds fish and poultry eggs, up to 19%-42%(except soybeans The content of food, fruits, and vegetable protein is all single -digit), and one kilogram of dried mushrooms is equivalent to 1.7 kg of pork.
On July 20, 2021, the mushroom planting base in Wanggang Town, Ying Shang, Anhui, and local farmers will install mushrooms. Figure ｜ Xinhua News Agency
It also spans the two major fields of green food and life and health, which adapts to the high -quality life needs of people from "eating" to "eating well" and changing "diseases from the mouth" to "sickness". In the medical field, biotechnology is the weapon for extending the chain of life. At present, the four ways to treat cancer are targeted therapies for surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and biopharmaceuticals. Some cancer applications have good targeted treatment effects and can be completely cured.
The genetic engineering application industry dominated by genetic engineering drugs has now become one of the fastest development of microbiopathic drugs in the world, and its development prospects are very broad.
According to reports, the "tumor genes missile" specifically used to treat tumor's biopharmaceuticals will be developed soon. It can find and kill the tumor aimlessly, which will make the cure of cancer possible.
Facing healthy China, microbial agriculture lives well.
8
Growth, speed up the output chain
In 1978, my country's edible fungus output was only 57,000 tons, and the output value was less than 100 million yuan. By 2021, the output had reached more than 40 million tons, an increase of more than 700 times; the output value was more than 300 billion yuan, an increase of more than 3,000 times. There are no countries in the world in the world. Which human food has created such a high -speed miracle.
Compared with ordinary agricultural products, edible fungi is short in production cycle and high yield, and planting is not limited by climate, season, geographical environment, etc. It can be planted with bacteria and can be eaten in a few days. When encountering natural disasters such as floods and drought, when the crop sowing farm is missed, edible fungi is the "disaster relief soldier".
To this end, Academician Li Yu urged the edible bacteria as a rescue crop to pay attention to the disaster relief role of mushrooms. At the same time, it can also become a life -saving crop for human beings to deal with new types of disasters. Once the disaster of plant extinction is caused, the emergency production of edible bacteria can save life.
Edible fungus raw materials can be seen everywhere. It can be produced at any time. It can produce three or four stubbles a year. Even food reliability channels under war conditions. In recent years, Japan has increased the production and import of edible fungi based on the characteristics of earthquakes and typhoon disasters and frequent epidemic conditions, and promoted the development of disaster relief foods based on fungi vegetable food. It is worthy of our reference.
Microbial foods such as edible fungi are the reliable sources of high -quality protein, and scientists believe that this is the development direction of future food. In the context of the increasing demand for high protein at home and abroad, the development of deep series of microbial foods such as edible fungus, and accelerating the speed of food output and the quality of output should be a top priority.
For remedial emergency, microbial agriculture is irreplaceable.
9
Increase the initiative, innovate the technology chain
Human society is entering the "fourth civilization" form after a million years of primitive civilization, agricultural civilization of 10,000 years, and industrial civilization for more than 300 years, that is, the era of ecological civilization.
At this stage, it is necessary to overcome the blind movements of the over -consumption of the resource pollution of industrial civilization, but also to overcome the passive of resource use in the natural state of agricultural civilization, and start the active era of conscious use of high -tech development and use of microorganisms.
In recent years, high -tech has opened up the six major fields of microorganisms "three materials, two products, one dose", and promoted the transformation of closed two -dimensional structures since the agricultural oil agriculture to open three -dimensional structures, so that microorganisms actively participated in agriculture and three things. " , Cycle, promote "", three things ", natural integration and development. Microbial new varieties, new products, new technologies, new industries, and new formats are surging, biological fermentation, fungus factories, biological breeding, activated ingredient extraction, food and drugs are the same New things such as source, life sciences, etc. are endless, which is dizzying, showing the infinite charm of "microorganisms, large industries".
There is no doubt that technology actively acts on the microbial world. It has ended the old era of human "passive agriculture", opened a new era of "active agriculture", and changes with each passing day. In the context, a series of major issues that need to be resolved in the field of agriculture and rural areas have added strong motivation to the high -quality green development of my country's agriculture in China.
For active integration, microbial agricultural cross -border iteration.
Microbial agriculture is a new industry that is "raised in the deep girlfriend". Its distinctive characteristics of "nine increases and five do not dispute" need to be widely told to create a strong social atmosphere, form a strong social consensus, and make decision makers into the plan. Efforts to promote development; let entrepreneurs compete for investment and build an industry; make consumers' minds and interpret fashion pursuits.
In this way, the new blue ocean of microorganism agriculture in the future can be blue light and unlimited vitality, becoming a motivated tour in the agricultural field.
Uncle Ku Welfare
Uncle Ku's book is always there! Peking University Press provided Uncle Ku with three "invisible nature life and healthy microorganisms" to enthusiastic readers. Microorganisms are the ancient living communities on the earth and the huge number of life communities. Their metabolic activities have promoted the birth of higher organisms, providing nutritional support for higher organisms, and regulating biospheres. It is an important driving force for the earth's ecology. This book tells the story of scientific stories and civilized history related to microorganisms, and reshaping our understanding of nature, life evolution, ecology, health and agriculture. Please comment under the article that the top 3 (more than 30) who likes the highest likes will receive a book.
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