From the three dimensions of history, reality, and future, look at the reform of the construction map review system in China

The construction map review system has played an important role in ensuring the quality of construction project survey and the protection of the people's lives and property. In the context of the current optimization of the business environment and the reform of the approval system of engineering construction projects, how to open up the blocking point in the process of approval of the project construction project while adhering to the inspection and design quality bottom line has become the urgent need to resolve the construction drawing review work urgently needs to be resolved One of the important topics. In conjunction with the study of laws and regulations, based on the understanding of construction map review matters, starting from the historical, reality, and future dimensions, the historical revolution of the construction drawing review system, analyzing the construction map review system under the background of the reform of the project construction project is facing the reform system. The real issue of reality is discussed on the basis of the reform of the reform of the reform.

Historical dimension: the birth, establishment and development of the construction map review system

The construction map review system is continuously developed with the reform of the economic system and the changes in government management functions. Its breeding, establishment and development is a long and twisted process.

The first stage: the birth stage (1949-2000)

Affected by the traditional planned economic system, my country did not establish a construction diagram review system by 2000. The construction diagram review system was in a long period of time after the founding of New China, all of which were bred. Article 3 of the "Several Provisions on the Procedures for Basic Construction" promulgated in 1978 stipulates: "It is necessary to strictly implement the design approval system, not be decentralized, and we must not be compiled and approved ..." Article 16 stipulates: "The survey and design units of construction projects must be responsible for the quality of its survey and design ..."

"Several Provisions on Basic Construction Procedures" and "Architectural Law" requires strict implementation of the design approval system, and clarify the responsibilities of survey and design units. The survey and design units improve the technical capabilities on the basis of improving their own quality assurance system, implement the construction map self -examination school, and ensure the design quality by themselves. This stage is the birth stage of the construction diagram review system.

Second stage: establishing stage (2000-2004)

In 2000, in the 1999, the collapse of the Rainbow Bridge of the Sichuan Luanjiang Rainbow caused less than 40 people's death experience lessons, and learned about the relevant practices of developed western countries, and successively introduced the "Regulations on the Quality Management of Construction Engineering" (State Council Order No. 279). The "Regulations on the Design of Construction Engineering Survey and Design" (State Council Order No. 293). Both "Regulations" require "if the construction diagram design documents are not reviewed and approved, they shall not be used". For the first time in the form of administrative regulations, the construction drawing review system is provided. Establish a legal track.

In the same year, the "Interim Measures for the Design Documents of Construction Projects" (Ministry of Construction [2000] No. 41), "Provisions for the Supervision of Effective Standards for Construction of Engineering Construction" The notice of the guidance of the design document review of the relevant issues "(Construction Technology [2000] No. 21) and other documents were introduced, which further clarified the specific practice of the construction map review.

Third stage: development stage (2004-2017)

The "Decision of the State Council on the Third Batch of Cancellation and Adjustment of Administrative Approval Projects" (Guofa [2004] No. 16) released in 2004 stipulated that "the review of the construction drawing design document was included in the State Council to decide to change the management method, and no longer as administrative approval as administrative approval 2. Implementation of administrative examination and approval projects for self -discipline management. "In the same year, the former Ministry of Construction issued the" Administrative Measures for the Design Document Design Documents of House Building and Municipal Infrastructure Engineering Projects "(Order No. 134 of the Ministry of Construction) system.

The "Administrative Measures for the Design Document Design Document Design File of House Building and Municipal Infrastructure Engineering Projects in 2013" (No. 13 of the Ministry of Housing and Construction) reiterated: "If the construction map is not qualified, it shall not be used." Several Opinions of the Ministry of Construction on the development and reform of the construction industry "pointed out:" ... Further implementation and strengthening the construction map design document review system. "In 2015 No. 662) Once again: "If the construction drawing design document is not reviewed and approved, it shall not be used." No. 11) stipulates: "... the technical review of fire protection, civil air defense, technical defense, and other technical examinations are incorporated into the construction drawing design document review, and the relevant departments will no longer conduct technical review."

Real dimension: The construction map review system is facing the real problem of the construction map review system under the background of the reform of the project construction project

With the development of the economy and society, especially in the context of the reform of the approval system of engineering construction projects, the construction map review system also faces some urgent problems, mainly concentrated in the following aspects.

Construction map review is unclear

The "Decision of the State Council on Modifying Some Administrative Regulations" (State Council Order No. 687) released in 2017 amended some of the contents of the two "Regulations", but the content of "the construction drawing design document is not reviewed and approved, shall not be used" None of the adjustments were made, and the construction map review was further clarified that the construction plan was a compulsory requirement in the basic construction procedure.

And the "Implementation Opinions on the Reform of the Comprehensive Carrying out the Reform of the Engineering Construction Project Approval System" (National Office [2019] No. 11) released in 2019 pointed out: "Pilot areas should further streamline the approval links, and to accelerate the exploration and cancellation of construction drawing review (or shrinking The scope of review), the implementation of the promise system, and the life responsibility system of the designer, and formation of experience that can be replicated and promoted as soon as possible. "From this seemingly contradictory document, and the construction drawing review" Design Unit's self-examination-administrative approval-self-discipline-self-discipline It can be seen that the evolution path of management-exploration cancellation "can be seen that the positioning of the construction diagram review has always been" crossing the river by touching the stones ".

The subjects of all parties are unknown

According to the principle of "who design and who is responsible", the responsibility of the design unit was very clear. All the main acts and requirements of the project construction survey and design are regulated and constrained. However, in actual operation, based on the complexity of the engineering items itself and the interest responsibility of the project's diversified responsibility, it becomes very difficult to achieve a clear "post -after -to -after" responsibility pursuit mechanism [1].

The "State Council forwarded the Ministry of Housing and Construction in 2019 on improving the quality assurance system to improve the quality guidance of construction engineering quality (National Office letter [2019] No. 92) to further strengthen the four key subject responsibilities of the quality of engineering construction, including government quality supervision responsibility. The construction diagram review is an important starting point for implementing the government quality supervision responsibility in the survey and design. The construction map review agency and the government authority have shared some responsibilities for the design unit, which makes the responsibilities of all parties unclear.

The construction diagram review cycle long

Because the construction diagram review has the characteristics of many professional types and complicated technologies, the construction map review cycle is longer. The construction drawing review involves survey, design, special projects, etc. Due to the systemicity of the drawings, a certain major is localized, which often causes other majors to cooperate with the modification. The amount is not small.

The construction diagram review has affected the approval time of the project construction project with its long cycle, and it undoubtedly became one of the "focus" of the reform of the reform of the project construction project. On the surface, the full -scale online office of the construction diagram review is high. In fact, the amendments, disputes, and review of specific technical issues often lead to a longer time.

Approval matters are unreasonable

Construction project "Planning License-Construction Drawing Examination-Construction License" is carried out in series, with approval matters with front conditions, just like a traffic jam on a bicycle lane, which seriously affects the efficiency of approval, and the construction drawing review that takes longer on the lane is reviewing the lane. Matters have undoubtedly become the focus of reform again.

After obtaining the construction drawing review, you can apply for the administrative license of fire design review. After the joint map review, although the technical censorship of fire protection and other technical review is incorporated into the construction drawing review, the administrative license of fire design review is a administrative license. Examination opinions conduct administrative approval. If partial modification occurs during the administrative license process of fire design review, it is necessary to re -apply the construction drawing design document review, which is time -consuming and laborious.

Future dimension: Continue to explore the path of the review system of reform construction

With the in -depth advancement of the reform requirements of the "decentralization service", coupled with the actual needs of stimulating the vitality of the market and optimizing the business environment, it is very important to continue to discuss the path of the reform of the reform of the reform.

Explore the cancellation of the construction drawing review or gradually narrow the scope of the construction drawing review

There have been different voices on whether to cancel the construction diagram review or gradually reduce the scope of the construction drawing review. He Lishan, the former general manager of China Global Engineering Company, believes that the construction map review should return to the design unit to implement the self -discipline management self -disciplined self -examination of the track of the construction drawing [2]. However, Wang Shiping, former vice chairman of the China Survey and Design Association, believes that the construction map review system should be further improved to ensure the quality and safety of engineering survey and design [3]. The "Implementation Opinions on the Reform of the Reform of the Project Construction Project for Construction Projects in 2019" (National Office [2019] No. 11) pointed out: "... The system and designer's lifelong responsibility system will form experience that can be replicated as soon as possible. "As soon as this article was issued, the discussion on exploring the cancellation of the construction drawing review (or narrating the scope of review) was endless.

Some pilot cities have been tried first, such as 2021 "The State Council's approval of the implementation of the implementation of relevant administrative regulations and the approval of the department regulations approved by the State Council" (Guohan [2021] No. 106): "Agree from the next day Temporarily adjust the implementation of the "Regulations on the Quality Management of Construction Engineering" and "Regulations on the Management of Construction Engineering Survey and Design" in Beijing, "allowing Beijing to explore and cancel the scope of the construction drawing review or reduce the scope of review, and implement the promise system and designer life responsibility system. The reform of the approval system in the field of engineering construction ". In June 2022, the Beijing Municipal Party Committee's comprehensive deepening reform committee held a meeting to review the "Implementation Plan for the Reform of the Construction of Construction Project Construction Project Construction Projects": "The construction map of the construction of the house was adjusted from advanced review to a post -after -to -after check -up period, and the reform transition period was Cross -departmental random inspections on the project, 100%random inspection. "

Digital artificial intelligence review based on "Internet+"

On the basis of the implementation of digital multi -map trials, we will carry out artificial intelligence reviews to promote the transition from a two -dimensional review to a three -dimensional review. For example, Shenzhen and Beijing have obtained the consent of the Ministry of Housing and Urban -Rural Development to carry out artificial intelligence review pilots, and use artificial intelligence and big data technologies to develop an intelligent construction drawing review system to further improve the review efficiency.

For digital review based on "Internet+", it can ensure the lossless transmission of design information, not only to achieve "zero legs, online handling", but also "full leave marks and traceability"; As a basis for supervision of government departments to prevent design changes into a blind spot for supervision.

Reasonably set up approval matters

Explore the technical review of the construction drawing, and the administrative license of some projects will no longer be qualified for the construction diagram review as the front conditions. When applying for administrative license, the promise system is adopted, and the time required for the technical review of the construction map review is not included in the time limit of the project project approval, and the survey and design quality will be used for post -event supervision.

Construction diagram review -fire design review was changed from series to parallel to achieve the administrative approval of construction drawing review and fire design review. The administrative license of fire protection design review is "real -time processing". It can apply for the application and obtain the construction drawing qualification letter and the administrative license opinion of the fire design review, and promote the in -depth integration of the fire design review and acceptance work and the existing basic construction procedures.

Implementation of architect responsibility system

The original intention of the construction map review system is also to ensure the quality and safety of engineering design. It can ensure the quality and safety of engineering design by implementing the responsibility system of the architect. As long as you focus on the provisions of the "Regulations of the Registered Architects", fully fulfill the duties of registered architects, strictly implement the quality system of quality, continuously improve the level of self -discipline management of design units, continuously improve the design unit of the design unit The quality assurance system can ensure design quality and public safety [4].

Facing the future, the architect's responsibility system is an effective way for my country's construction industry to connect with international standards. Through the implementation of the architect responsibility system, including the new engineering construction organization model such as engineering general contracting, full -process engineering consulting, etc., the "dual carbon" goals are superimposed, and low -carbon transformation is achieved with institutional methods and technical methods. Essence

Promote engineering quality insurance

The construction map review system is replaced by marketing mechanisms such as engineering quality insurance to continuously improve the management level of engineering construction. The risk transfer method of engineering quality insurance is used to reduce large and uncertain risk losses through small amounts and determined efforts. Through the implementation of the regulatory mechanism of premium marketization, the function of sharing part of the administrative license, and promoting the healthy interaction of government supervision and market regulation.

Promote the transformation and development of the construction map review agency, and achieve full coverage of the quality risk of construction engineering. Explore the premium of the construction map review fee into project liability insurance, use engineering quality insurance to cooperate with the new engineering construction organization model. High -quality development of the industry. (The author of this article Wu Jingxiong and Xiong Huiping are from the Hanshi Construction Engineering Design Review and Fire Acceptance Center.

references

[1] Jing Ruilong. Based on the perspective of industry status and institutional optimization perspective, the thinking of the current construction diagram review and reform [J]. China Survey Design, 2020, (05): 55-58.

[2] He Lishan. The construction of the construction drawing should be returned to the design unit [n] .2018-01-22 (006). Shanghai: Architecture Times, 2018.

[3] Wang Shiping. Improve the construction map review system guarantee engineering design quality [J]. Building design management, 2018, (01): 41.

[4] Wu Yiliang. The magnificent 70-year survey design and the motherland's peers [J]. China survey design, 2019, (10): 11-14.

Source: "China Survey Design" magazine

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