Statium | History research requires fresh topics

Author: Professor of History of Renmin University of China

This year, I read a too unique book, that is, Mr. Ma Chenbing's "Go to the DPRK with Pepper -Ancient Killing Nineteen" (Sanlian Bookstore, June 2020). Born, old, sick and dead, diseases are most closely connected to death. Death is a more serious issue, not only related to disease. As a result, various cases of non -normal death were arranged by Mr. Ma Chenbing very literaryly and showing them one by one.

One action on death

Diao Cun is the servant of Emperor Han Xun, working next to the emperor every day. But Diao Cun has a problem, old -fashioned. One day the emperor gave him a small bag to put him in his mouth. Diao Cun did not know what, licked a little, spicy. Diao Cun is a humble person who reflects on himself, thinking that this is a poison given by the emperor. He returned home with cold sweat, solemnly said goodbye to his family and prepared to commit suicide. The family did not know the original committee, and quickly contacted the colleagues. The colleagues arrived. The colleagues were very happy to "swallow" the fragrance of chicken tongue, and of course it was nothing. Only then did Diao Cun understand the emperor's intention, chicken tongue fragrance is just something to remove bad breath. The historian should record the story, which is intended to prove that Diao Cun is a "Confucian Confucianism", and even the emperor's beauty cannot be understood. But why did Diao Cun have such a misunderstanding? Ying Xun did not explain in the "Han Guanyi". It almost caused a disaster in life, and we couldn't understand the misunderstandings.

Fortunately, I read the work of Mr. Chen Bing, and then it was explained. Take the pepper to the dynasty and look at it simply. This should be a romantic story. No, this is a action about death. This is also the "Ling Ling" story of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Queen Mother Dou supported the removal of eunuch's political actions, but finally failed. In the first year of Ping Ping (172), the queen Queen died. The eunuch Cao Jie, who controlled the imperial court, hated the Empress Dowager Dou, and mobilized the Queen Mother Dou to be buried with Emperor Emperor Emperor. Nevertheless, Cao Jie could not decide on his own, and the court needed to hold a conference to pass a legal resolution. Lieutenant Li Xian was over seventy years old, and he was raising illness at home. He heard the matter and decided to fight against death. He "helped the public, pounded the pepper, and said that his wife said:‘ If the emperor ’s queen must not be equipped with Emperor, I do n’t give birth!’ ”It turns out that Li Xian smashed the pepper on his body for suicide. Compared to Hai Rui on the coffin, Li Xian brought peppercorns with her, his grandness was slightly weaker, and he was more determined.

Pepper was originally a poison, whether suicide or killing, this is a common weapon in ancient China. Diao Cun's misunderstanding comes from peppercorns, the flavor of chicken tongue is too close to killing peppercorns.

"Cold" scattered in all corners of the history books

It is not because this book involves too many concepts of death, but it hides too much "cold knowledge". This situation appears for the first time, and the scalp is constantly numb. What is "Rugging"? The first time I came into contact with this concept is because I read the famous scandal of the Spring and Autumn Period. In 694 BC, Lu Yigong accompanied his wife Wen Jiang to visit Qi Guo. At that time, Qi Guojun was Qi Xianggong. He was Wen Jiang's different brother. A hidden and deep incest story was exposed in this family visit. It turned out that Qi Xianggong and his sister Wen Jiang had an unforgettable unknown relationship. Now his sister marrys Lu, but their relationship has not extinguished. This time, using the opportunity to visit relatives, the love of his brothers and sisters burned again, and Lu Yigong was very stupid. How to do? Qi Xianggong decided to do his brother -in -law. "Historical Records" records: "Qi Xianggong and Lu Jun drink, drunk, let Lixing Peng Sheng hold Lu Jun's car, because of pulling Lu Yigong, the Gong Gong got out of the car and died." He was so good, Qi Guo lost his death to protect the car, "killing Peng Sheng to Xie Lu". Peng Sheng was ordered to kill Lu Jun by the monarch. As a result, Qi Xianggong unloaded the donkey. Peng Sheng, who entered another world, did not forget to get revenge on Qi Xianggong. One winter after many years, Qi Xianggong hunted and met a wild boar. I don't know why the people around Xianggong shouted "Peng Sheng and Peng Sheng". Qi Xianggong was not afraid, and he opened the archery, but the wild boar after the arrow did not escape. This time Xiang Gong was scared, and he fell off the carriage and injured. The son -in -law ignored the opportunity to kill Xiang Gong, and Qi Guo was in chaos.

Qi Xianggong's deformity love is a disaster. Peng Sheng's killing Lu Xiong is an arthroponic node of the story upgrade. So, what is "pulling"? This cannot be righteous. After the rigorous research of Mr. Chen Bing, the action of "pulling" is the opposite of the meaning of the word "pull" we generally understand, and it is close to the word "destruction". Lu Xiong was ragged and described as "ribs", which should be the effect of boxing. In the history of assassination of China, "pulling" is a common vocabulary. Emperor Liu Song, Liu Yu, had a "pulling kill" master Ding Yan under his hands. If Liu Yu wanted to remove his aliens, he would kill Ding Ye. Ding Yan also has a declaration, "Don't be proud, there are Ding Yan!" These bloody stories were originally scattered in all corners of the history books, and now they are gathered by Ma Chen Bing, cold.

In recent years, Wu Zetian has been studying Wu Zetian. He is relatively familiar with Wu Zetian's information. I did not expect that the story of Wu Zetian has always been incorrect. The key struggle for the abolition of Wang Liwu was that Gao Zong directly made the request of Li Zetian as the queen to the core ministers such as Changsun Wuji and Chu Suiliang. On the first day, Chu Suiliang said that the queen did not make mistakes and should not change. The next day, Chu Suiliang said more serious words: "His Majesty must want to change the queen, and invite Miao chooses the world to order, why Wu's! The martial arts are in advance, and they know the eyes of the world. After Bandai, how does His Majesty! "Not only that, Chu Suiliang seemed to be moved by his own words. Gao Zong was furious, and Zhao Yi said in the curtain: "Why not kill this!" Wu Zetian used to be the talented person of Tang Taizong. Now Gao Zong is going to Li Zetian as the queen. It is difficult to explain this matter. But the parties are present, how can it be blunt? Chu Suiliang's words hurt Gao Zong and Wu Zetian, which caused anger for granted. So, what does Wu Zetian's so -called "crowd"? Isn't it killing and killing? According to Ma Chenbing's research, the use of murder is a common project in the ancient Chinese court. When the Ming Dynasty was discussed, the word "crowded" was often jumped out of the official records. The most appropriate record comes from "Hou Han Du Gen Biography". In the first year of the Eastern Han Dynasty (89), the Emperor's Emperor was in power, and the Empress Dowager Deng was in power. "The queen queen was furious, disqualified roots, etc., so that Sheng was sac and cracked on the temple. The law enforcement person was well -known, and the person who talked about it was not strong, and he was out of the city." Du Gen did not die, hidden hidden, hidden Fifteen years of folk. Putting people in the bag to the ground until it falls to death, this is a standard campaign. Obviously, this is a kind of abuse, which is painful and long.

The factors of death are too complicated. "Smile" is not a joke, it is really terrible. "Song Kill" is not wonderful and cruel. Normal death, "hungry killing" is the most terrible, sorrows are all over the field, and people fill the gully is the basic background. Li Baijiu chased the moon and died of water. This is a kind of life romance. However, when you encounter the king who likes to kill, he will accompany the monarch with his life, and you will be killed at any time. The only thing brings to the wine is fear and no joy. Life suddenly ended, there were so many stories.

Academic research of "personal and its death"

Death is part of life, and it is also a lifestyle that exists forever. In the concept of Taoism, life and death are natural. Confucianism is "I don't know how to die." Heidegger's famous saying is "born to death." On the occasion of life and death, there are too many thoughts. It seems that only a thinker will pay more attention to life and death. What about history? The study of the History Society around death, such as funeral research, is simply the core of ancient and modern Chinese etiquette. We will study the rise and fall of a dynasty. As for the individual and its way of death, it seems too subtle. If the Nineteenth style of ancient killing is used in a more academic name, it seems to be called "History of Normal Death in China".

Reading "The Nineteen of Ancient Killing" can't help guessing, how the author discovered this topic, and why is such an important historical subject, rarely paid attention to it for a long time? Later, I learned that the author had deep accumulation in this topic. An important revelation of Chinese history books, and Mr. Ma Chenbing's research to us is that more fresh topics will be discovered by making full use of Chinese historical resources. College graduate students are often unable to do topics. Recommended Ma Chenbing's two works to them will definitely have a good response.

Source | Jingbao APP

Edit: Chen Jianguo

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