Rural exploration, farmland is quietly "deformed" ...

Author:Look at the think tank Time:2022.09.06

Huangjian Town, Tinghu District, Yancheng City, the harvester grabbed wheat in the field (taken on June 10, 2022) Zhao Jiulong Photo | This magazine

From JAC Woye to North China granary, most autumn grains have entered a critical time of production. Compared with the past, farmland in some places is quietly deformed, and "slap fields", "Douya fields" and "belt fields" have decreased or even disappeared. The reason for the deformation is that the names that are being promoted in these places are different, but the main purpose is the reform exploration of "Oda" to become "Asa".

my country's relevant laws and regulations and policies guarantee rural household contract management and farmers' land contract management rights, while supporting the transfer of rural land operation rights to promote agricultural development in moderation. The exploration of "Oda" into "Datian" has been included in the typical case of the National Rural Reform Pilot Zone of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.

At present, the new type of urbanization is continuously promoted, the rural economic development mode is facing adjustments, and the "Oda" exploration of "Oda" at the grassroots level reflects changes and innovation. Although it is limited to a few areas, its movement deserves close attention. What is the exploration? What obstacles to break through? What good effects have been produced? What are the issues? The reporter of the "Observation" News Weekly did a long follow -up observation on this.

Text | Duan Xianju Zhao Jiulong Zheng Shengzhu "Looking" News Weekly reporter

This article is reproduced from the "Watching" client. The original first was released on September 3, 2022. It was originally published in the 36th issue of "Looking at the Watch" News Weekly. What are the operation paths? Where does the cost of changing the field come from? "

Multi -path for farmland deformation exploration

my country's rural areas are owned by land collective ownership, and there are fewer people in the basic national conditions. At the beginning of the reform and opening up, the family coalition contracting responsibility system was implemented. When the village and group -level grass -roots organizations were distributed to farmers, they basically adopted a good field and the households in the units of the households. Fairness has laid an important foundation for the improvement of farmers' production enthusiasm and liberating rural productivity for the production of family joint production contract responsibility systems, but the state of scattered land is objective. Over the years, with the principle of "in accordance with the law, voluntary, paid", the circulation of rural land has been accelerated, such as the "stock field system" and "land custody" to promote agricultural social services to connect with small farmers more effectively. Entrepreneurship in Tu Li Township.

From the understanding of the reporter, in recent years, some places have premised on the right to maintain the land contract management rights of farmers to break the boundaries of Tianyu and Tiangou as the core, and the "Oda" exploration of "Oda" to improve the utilization of rural land use. Promoting the new trends of land transfer and promoting rural productivity liberation reflect the innovative power of rural grassroots. The reporter observed that there are three types of types of attention.

The first type is "multi -household and one field" and "one household, one piece, one field". The salt city of Jiangsu Province is a typical fish and rice in the Yangtze River Delta. In the summer and autumn of 2022, during an interview with Yancheng, the reporter saw many dozens of acres or even hundreds of acres of rectangular "fields". Yancheng, a typical case of a typical case of the national rural reform pilot zone of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, has been pushed up for 3 years. In 2019, under the guidance of the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, the pilot pilot of the "Oda Visana" reform in Tinghu District, Yancheng City, has not moved to the "one household and multiple fields" into "multiple households, one field", "one household, one piece, one piece, one piece, one piece, one piece, one piece, Tian "", dividing flow turning zone and self -species area. In the circulating area, the major grain households or family farms are specialized in the circulating area; in the self -seed area, the farmers who want to plant and can grow farmers will grow good fields.

The first batch of 431 farmers in Tinghu District had a total of 2790 acres of contracting land. The previously dispersed was 1123 small fields, and after the reform, it was concentrated into 147 fields. Among them, 101 farmers choose to grow (one household, one field), and 330 households choose to circulate (multiple households and one field) are operated by 8 family farms. Although the division of the fields is no longer visible after the reform, the location of the original fields is retained through surveying and mapping, and the total area of the land confirmed by each household has remained unchanged. At present, the reform of Tinghu District has been promoted to the city of Yancheng.

The second type is "one household, one field". This type of exploration is relatively early than the form of "multiple households and one field". In the past ten years, there have been rural pilots in Anhui, Hunan, Jiangsu and other places, and some counties in Anhui have been advancing. Under the collective organization of the village, the households are based on households, and the land -based population is contracted by the original land. Based on the exchange of parallel, the original one -point contracting field is merged into one piece, and the formula is connected.

The third type is the combination of "one household, one field" and "one village, one field". In October 2020, Wumou Town, Xixi County, Anhui Province launched the "one household, one field" before, and chose Jiegou Village to carry out the pilot pilot of the "one village, one field" reform. In July 2022, the town also explored a press conference on this exploration. Through demonstration, 21 villages in the town fully implemented the reform of "one household and one field". Among them, Miaoqian Village has realized the transformation to "one village, one field", "effectively realizing moderate scale operations, improving agricultural production benefits, not only strengthening the collective economy of the village, but also increasing farmers' income." The reporter interviewed a number of local towns and village cadres to learn about the operation mode of "one village, one field". After the village's fields have been reorganized by the "one household, one field" reform, the farmers commissioned the village to collectively send them to a state -owned agricultural enterprise, and then the state -owned agricultural enterprises were entrusted to the village cooperatives and some large grain households. The county government in the county also stated that it is necessary to actively promote the construction of "one household and one field", "one village and one field" and high -standard farmland, and actively promote the moderate scale operation and management of agriculture. In some places, the fields of fields that appeared in the field have experienced a long evolution process before. The "multi -household and one field" implemented by the Yancheng pilot, its predecessor's reference can be traced back to Yanyang County, Yanyang County, Yanyang County. In 2013, in order to improve the farmers' "plowing and planting" that had tried to improve labor productivity, that is, to eliminate the fields between the fields, to fight, in order to fight in order Ming and dark piles, painting lines and other forms indicate the boundaries of each family to carry out mutual assistance, but their essence is still the fields of each family.

The rural population is constantly shifting towards the city, the rapid development of agricultural mechanization, and the country's attention to food production, the investment in farmland protection ... becoming the transition of rural land management rights, and the era of "Oda" to explore the injecting power. Essence The form and location of the field soil are unchanged. What is unchanged is the land contracting right and contract area owned by farmers -with the support of law and policy, it is adapted to the changes in industrialization, urbanization, and rural situations. Moderate -scale operations have its real reasonable and inevitability.

Breakthrough obstacles

In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, most people have been used to the production methods of decentralized cultivation in contracting land from farmers to rural cadres. Even if farmers have transferred land operation rights, the location of the farmland has not changed. Today, Yancheng pilot places to eliminate Tianyu and Tiangou, and change the "Oda" to "Datian", which has brought about changes in production and operation methods. This is a major event, new things, and difficult things for the countryside.

How to pass the idea: Respect the wishes of the masses, does not change the land management contractual relationship, and does not reduce the rights and interests of farmers. In 2020, Yantong City Tinghu District chose Xinzha Community, Huangjian Community, and Fumin Community of Shibang Town to carry out the pilot "Oda Visana". "Before the reform, the cadres had concerns and the masses had concerns." Some villagers in Shicang Town are afraid that the contracting land will become "test fields" and income to drift water; some villagers think they are good and fertilized, and some villagers are worried that the fields will be merged. To "root" and so on. Pilot town villages have repeatedly held the unified thinking of the "two committees" of the village residential dwellings. The publicity of the household propaganda does not change the land contracting policy and reduces the rights and interests of farmers. "Do not go on a step, one -size -fits -all, and fully respect the wishes of the masses." Liu Hongwei, deputy director of the District Party Committee Agricultural Office, told reporters that during training for town and village cadres, repeatedly emphasized that reform does not change the land contract management relationship and does not touch the red line of the policy. Do not engage in a knife and cut, the consent of the village (resident) representative meeting must be implemented.

What are the operation path: strictly observe the law, complete information, open and transparent. In the organization and implementation of Tinghu District, to ensure that the red line of the law and policy is not touched, it adheres to the pilot reform of reform within the scope of law, summarizes the investigation, land rating, determining land, planning plan, measurement fixed, reviewing publicity, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, and clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, clear mode, and clear mode, and clear mode, clear mode, and clear mode. Check the formal operation steps such as acceptance and acceptance. The cadres of the village group have a household statistical information confirmation information, the current status of land planting, and the willingness of farmers to design two solutions for farmers' choices, that is, farmers who have their willingness to plant, give priority to choosing the "one household, one field" plan of high -quality fields. ; The farmers who do not want to grow, choose the "multi -household and one field" solution that concentratedly circulates. At the same time, some villages also reserve motor fields to return to farmers for farmers. After the field, the "Dajia" flowed through the village committee must be announced and bid in the rural property rights trading market. The reporter saw at the Rural Property Rights Trading Center of Yantu District that the basic information of each land contract transaction was fully attached to the land transfer entrustment agreement to the village committee, leaving farmers' signatures and red handprints on it.

Where is the cost of changing the field: the government invested funds or obtained the power of the grassroots organization to raise funds. Relatively concentrated the dispersion fields need to be removed. To a certain extent, re -layout for machine farming roads, bridges, and canals need to be invested. The reporter learned that there are two main methods in practice. The first is to combine the construction of high -standard farmland to invest in project funds. The reporter saw in Yancheng in many places that all places where large households are willing to contracted and have a lot of land circulation often invest in high -standard farmland construction in the government. The current government investment is 3,000 yuan per acre. Among them, the central and provincial financial subsidies are 2,400 yuan per acre. In the Wang Town of Lou, Yantu District, the ditch beside the field is wide and the road is flat, and the surveillance camera is hung in the field. Another way is market -oriented operation. In order to alleviate the pressure of changing the funds, a village in the central region introduced 6 million yuan in capital investment in the villagers in the central region, and the villagers were mobilized to participate in the investment in the form of temporarily exempting the rent of 5 years. After the reconstruction, the Tianyun Village Cooperative contracted, and the specific contracting households will return the rent to the investors year by year. This operation is more difficult and requires a capable grass -roots organization to implement.

Six "benefits" for the first time

From the reporter's on -site investigation and combined with multiple parties, "Oda" became "Da Tian" not only because of the realization of Tian Chengfang and Lin Chengwang, the roads are connected, and the fields are connected to make the field more beautiful. As a result, the agricultural -related entities, village collectives, and small farmers have their own place, which is a win -win situation for farmland protection and food production, which has initially appeared as six "benefits".

It is conducive to the protection of cultivated land and increased food. Through the reform of Tinghu District, the fields and ridges of the small plots were flattened in the past, and the gully between Tiankan was demolished. The canal and the path were reclaimed. As the "Oda" becomes "Datian", the phenomenon of phenomenon of cultivated land is overflowing, and it is widespread in pilot areas. In order to prevent the production of "non -grainization" of cultivated land, the basic farmland required by salt cities must be mainly used for grain production, and it must not damage the farming layer. Pilot town villages in Tinghu District increased the annual wheat production of 42.5 kg per mu, and the rice yield was increased by 78 kg. Because the unified cultivation of seedlings increased production, it was considered the main factor.

It is conducive to increasing farmers' rent and promoting employment. Before the "Oda becomes a large field", due to the far field, the area is small, the area is small, and the film is unsuccessful, the farmers have a low rent of the land, and sometimes they encounter less or arrears of rent. Tang Buying, a villager in Huangjian Commission of Tinghu District, told reporters that the rent per mu was 400 yuan two years ago. The villages of "Oda" into "Oda" in many provinces are significantly increased than the land transfer rents that farmers have obtained by farmers. These measures allowed the villagers of Tianjian to leave to work at ease. At the same time, the moderate large -scale operation of land also increased the employment opportunities of family farmers and large grains to absorb farmers' flexible employment, thereby promoting social division of labor and production efficiency.

It is conducive to mechanized planting and reduced cultivation costs. Due to the merger of fields replacement, most of the roads are connected and the channels are connected, which is convenient for social services, and the cost of planting has decreased. According to the calculation of the agricultural and rural departments of Tinghu District, the large seedlings of pilot towns and villages have decreased by 2.6 kg per acre, decreased by 5.8 kg with fertilizer, and reduced machine costs by 80 yuan. There are 9.5 acres of contracting land in the villagers of Huangjian Town Village. The same area, zero to complete, and the feeling of farming is very different: in the past, "7 pieces of land, one acre of one acre, scattered distribution, farming and planting. "After changing the field, the convenience of third -party mechanized operations is requested to say," farming, medicine, harvesting ... just a call. "

It is conducive to reducing disputes to maintain rural harmony. Dai Liu Jian and Zang Yuexiang, Dai Liu Jian and Zang Yuexiang, Dongtai City, and 1,057 farmers of Chen Zhangcun have more than 6,000 contracting plots, 1472 yuan after the block, and 1.39 households. After Chen Zhangcun implemented the "Oda Change Daoda", there were petition disputes caused by the contract area, unclear boundaries, and poor water systems. The village style has improved, and the village collective credibility has been strengthened.

It is conducive to enhancing the collective economic income of village. According to the relevant provisions of the "Administrative Measures for the Transfer of Rural Land Management Rights" issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, many villages collectively collect service fees to large grain households, family farmers or leading enterprises in the pilot land to deal with some of the may occur during the contracting period. Disputes and service matters for public facilities. According to the reporter, this fee ranges from 20 yuan to 80 yuan per acre per year. Most of the pilot villages are the weak grain -producing villages of industry and commerce, and the service fee has changed to a certain extent that the village's collective economy is weak. Some villages collectively collect this fee.

Failure to cultivate professional grain breeding teams. Chen Congwen, a large grain family in Huangjian Town, Huangjian Town, Tinghu District, told reporters that "Oda" changed the "Datian" to plant the field, and he increased the area of cultivated land for circular operations to more than 200 acres. In Yancheng, large grain farmers under the age of 50 have continued to increase. As of the end of 2021, there were 17,969 food -scale operators in Yancheng City, of which about 30%of them were under 50. According to statistics from the Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Zeyang County, among more than 2,700 large grain breeding households in more than 50 acres in the county, about 30%of the age of 50, and more than 900 plant farmers who are under 50 years of age, account for about three points. one. The analysis of agricultural cadres here has attracted a number of people's major households to invest in grain planting as "Oda" becomes "Datian". Planting good food.

Respect for farmers' wishes to explore operation standards

Hu Shunping, the person in charge of the Rural Property Rights Trading Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said in an interview that "Oda" changes to the "Datian" reform in line with the policy orientation and provides enlightenment to further promoting related tasks. It is recommended that under the premise of respecting the wishes of farmers Promote it with caution and always ensure that farmers benefit. From a reporter's investigation, it is found that "Oda" becomes "Datian" is a favorable rural revitalization. At the same time, it also needs to continuously improve the exploration and receive further inspection of new students in practice. The pilot exploration must grasp the following aspects.

Respect the wishes of farmers. From the survey of reporters at the grassroots level, with the continuous advancement of urbanization, more and more farmers enter the town, and many places are aging in rural resident population. The proportion of farmers that transfer the land operation rights is increasing, which is the general trend. At the same time, some farmers have deep emotions for land and farming, and some farmers are willing and have corresponding equipment and capabilities to engage in planting. In this regard, we must follow the principles of "in accordance with the law, paid, and voluntary" to ensure that exploration is carried out on the correct track of not stepping on the law and policy "red line".

In an interview with some grassroots cadres, the masses of grassroots cadres said that the realization of land scale operations, "Oda" became the only form. In recent years, the supply and marketing systems and agricultural cooperatives in Jiangsu and Hebei have carried out professional services such as farming, agency, and defense rule for farmers who do not want to circulate, and realize "you go out to make money, I plant you on behalf of you." In addition, due to the "deformation" of the farmland, the location of the plot is changed, and the chain reactions will not be ruled out in the future that the land compensation will be caused by the lack of land compensation during land acquisition and demolition.

Carefully grasp the short -term interest balance. The salt city strictly solicited the opinions of all parties in a timely manner in accordance with regulations and policies in the reform, ensuring the steady reform of the reform.

First, the land rental price cannot be high. Yang Cheng, director of the Economic Management Station of Yantu District Agricultural and Rural Bureau, said that at the Yantu District Rural Property Rights Trading Center, in previous years, there have been a case of 700 yuan per mu per mu of high -priced transactions per mu in previous years. Since then, both trading centers and rural cadres have no longer chasing high prices. Yancheng proposed that land transfer rent should float in a reasonable range. Town cadres, villagers representatives and family farm representatives can set up an evaluation team to evaluate the upper and lower limit of the rent.

The second is that the turnover operation should not be too large. Social capital has obvious advantages in expanding land -scale planting, and may squeeze the circulation space of ordinary grain farmers. In this regard, Yancheng proposed that the transfer of land operation rights should give priority to the villages and local farmers. The scale of single operations is generally controlled at a moderate level of 300 to 1,000 acres.

Third, the contractual period is guaranteed to be moderate. The contract period should be considering the long -term investment of farmland infrastructure to dynamically share land transfer income with farmers, and at the same time write the rental floating mechanism into the terms of the contract.

Agricultural insurance prevention risk of destruction. After the "Oda" becomes "Da Tian", the land flow turns to less operating entities. Once the phenomenon of unilateral destruction of the main body due to market or climate factors is not good at operating subjects, farmers' land rent benefits will be damaged. Multi -level interviews interviewed by interviews believe that this phenomenon must be adopted in advance. In addition to charging land transfer fees and grasping the above -mentioned multi -as -as -as -as -operation considerations in time, we must also innovate and decentralized risks. The 2017 pilot land transfer and performance insurance of Haimen District, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province is used as the insurance rate according to the 3%of the land transfer fee. Cousins reduce the risk of village collectives and ensure that most of the flow of contracting farmers' transitions.

The plain mountainous areas should be classified and explored according to local conditions. From the understanding of the reporter, the current exploration is relatively strong and the effect is good. Compared with the hills and mountainous areas, the mechanized operation of the plain area and the moderate large -scale planting of land have greater benefits and more motivation. Du Hairong, Director of the Policy and Reform Division of the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, told reporters that the pilot "Oda" changes to the "Datian" should be carried out in places with mature conditions. The government can classify the funding award for farmland transformation.

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