Global Steering: New Trends of Micro History Research

The rise of micro -history in the 1970s. After entering the 21st century, "global steering" appeared, and micro -global history became a new trend and trend of research. Someone believes that micro -global history is the product of impact of global history on micro history. This view is reasonable. However, in addition to this external impact theory, there should be an explanation of an internal evolution theory. In essence, micro global history is an inevitable product of the great historical care of micro history. Since the date of birth, micro -history has tried to spy on the great history of the times and the world from a small history of one or a village, so as to deal with the relationship between micro -macro, small history, and big history. This great historical care of micro -history eventually prompted it to have a "global steering" in the 21st century.

Swing from history from a young age

In the 1970s, some scholars began to reflect on the "long -term" and structural history that dominated the West at that time, advocating micro -history research with small space and space size, and micro history has risen. "Franklin R. Ankeersmit" "History Circus and Postmodernism" (1989) Zeng praised the three classic masterpieces of micro -history, namely French scholar Emmanuel Emmanuel (Emmanuel "Montae" (1975) of Le Roy Ladurie, "Cheese and Magisat" (1976) of Carlo Ginzburg, a Italian scholar Carlo Ginzburg, and Natalie Natalie Natalie Zemon Davis's "Return of Martin Gal" (1983) is a model of "postmodern history compilation", and believes that their research objects are not "falling on the trunk or branches, but on the leaves", but on the leaves. " It is to resist the macro narrative of the trunk with the micro -narrative of the leaves to prevent the trap of macro -narrative such as "European central theory". For this statement, micro -historians have expressed strong opposition. In a interview, Kingsburg made it clear that he did not agree with Axmid's statement at all, and the latter completely misunderstood these micro -historical works. He said that these works neither gave up "evidence" nor to confront the micro and macro. Davis also said in an interview that although the research objects of micro history are specific and micro cases, she always strives to put it in the situation of "overall history" to investigate, and hopes to get a case beyond the case from this case. Universal conclusions, so as to deal with the relationship between micro and macro, small history and big history.

The three classics of micro -history all reflect the above purpose. For example, although Lehuratu's "Montel" only explored the ecology and mentality of Montaei, a mountain village in southern France from 1294 to 1324, the author hopes to understand the ecology and mentality of other mountain villages in France at that time. Through this general research method with local representatives and special representatives, the book tries to achieve a certain balance between the special nature of the research object and the universality of the conclusion. The same is true of Kinzburg's "Cheese and Magphy". Although the book mainly explores the formation of the universe view of the Monkyo owner of the 16th century, it is inspected by putting the cultural tradition of the Italian Freheli region and even Western Europe that he lives in the Italian area. The products of the traditional and ancient oral cultural traditions of written culture collide with each other, and it is also the product of the collision of elite culture and mass culture. This allows readers to spy from the small history of a grinding owner. Davis's "Return of Martin Gal" is similar to this. The book mainly explores the truth of the true and fake Martin Gal in France in the 16th century. In order to restore the truth of the case, the author inspected the case in the southern French region of Martin Gall, and analyzed the "historical narrative" of the text described in the case, so that his case research was obtained Universal academic historical significance. It can be seen that the three classic works of micro -historiography have tried to see the big history of the individual and the village from the small historical area of ​​the individual and the village, so as to obtain a universal conclusion beyond the research of the case.

Great historical care caused "global steering"

The great historical care that micro -history has already possessed at the beginning of the rise, and eventually prompted it to have a "global steering" in the 21st century. Natali Zemond Davis's "Walker Tao" (2006) took the lead in starting this steering. The book is mainly centered on Hasan Vasan, a North African diplomat who believes in Islam in the 16th century and was forced to change Christianity, and discusses its survival and writing strategies of Islamic and Christianity, North Africa, and Italy, and thus Establishing a connection between its personal history and global history. Subsequently, the study of micro -history of some scholars also appeared "global steering." Chinese history researchers Eugenia Lean and Henrietta Harrison are one of them. Lin Yuqin once wrote a micro -history book "Shi Jian Qiao revenge case" (2006), trying to discuss the rise and influence of the "public sympathy" of the Republic of China "public sympathy. In recent years, Lin Yuqin has begun to study the Republic of China literati and businessman Chen Diexian and its industry from a global perspective. "(2020). Similar to Lin Yuqin, Shen Aiyi's micro -history research has also recently undergone "global steering". She has wrote a micro -history book "Dream Wake -ups" (2005), taking Liu Dapeng, a Shanxi scholar in China as an example to explore the dilemma faced by scholars in the process of transformation of traditional society to modern society. Subsequently, Shen Aiyi turned to a Catholic village who followed Taiyuan, Shanxi, and wrote "The Curse of Missionary" (2013). The book reveals the three hundred years of interaction between the Catholic village and the Roman Holy See, indicating that the spread of Western Catholicism in China has both the "localization" trend and the "globalization" tendency. During the writing of the book, Shen Aiyi discovered the story of Chinese Catholic Li Zibiao (in the Qianlong period) and the British Sri Lang. They all used as translations in the Magali Mission of the United Kingdom who came to China during the Qianlong period. Through studying the lives of these two cross -cultural translators, Shen Aiyi re -examined the previous Sino -British relations of the Opium War, reflecting on the relationship between the occurrence of the Opium War and the disappearance of cross -cultural middlemen, and published "The Danger of Translation" (2021).

In addition to foreign micro -history, domestic micro history has also recently appeared "global steering". Cheng Meibao's "Meeting Huang Dong" (2021) and Liu Yonghua's "Cheng Yunheng's Nineteenth Century" (to be published) are representative. "Meeting Huang Dong" takes English -speaking English and British Cantonese Huang Dong as an example. The relationship between the 19th century and the "modern" and "modern" and the acceleration of change. "Cheng Yunheng's Nineteenth Century" takes the Huizhou Xiaonong Cheng Yunheng family as an example to explore changes in the action space, livelihood mode, interpersonal relationship network, dynasty -villagers' relationships, etc., and how these changes have been changed in the late Qing Dynasty. The influence of global factors such as sexual factors such as sexual factors, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, and the changes in international tea markets.

Whether it is foreign or domestic, early, or recent micro -historical research, it is committed to exploring the great history of the times and the world from the small history of individuals or villages. However, the early micro -history research only tried to spy the regional and national history from the personal history/village history; the recent micro -history research tried to spy global history from the history of personal/village. In any case, the great historical care of micro -historical science has always run through it. Just as Shen Aiyi said in the "Curse of the Missionary" (2021): Whether it is "Dreaming Awakening" in the early days, or the recently published "The Curse of the Missionary" and "The Danger of Translation", it can be regarded as her. From the personal/village "discussing the trilogy of Shanxi history and its relationship with the outside world", it is to explore regional, national or global history from personal history/village history. Therefore, the "global steering" of micro -history in the 21st century is ultimately caused by the great historical care inherent in micro history.

Helps reflect on existing historical narratives

The rise of the "global steering" and "micro global history" of micro -history in the 21st century helps us reflect on the narrative of the nation. Compared with the early micro -history research, the research field of "micro global history" is more magnificent. The latter is no longer limited to regional and national factors when considering the impact of various factors on personal history/village history. Global factors are also considered. This helps micro -history reflect on the narrative of the nation from the perspective of global history. Cheng Meibao's "Meet Huang Dong" discovered that in the narrative of the nation of modern China, the Opium War was regarded as the watershed of ancient China and modern times, and it was also the "long" 18th century and the 19th century division line. However, through the study of the relationship between Huang Dong and other small people and the external world, the book found that before and after the Opium War, Lin Zexu and Wei Yuan "opened your eyes to see the world", many small people in the Pearl River Estuary of Guangdong have "opened their eyes to see the world" for many years. Since the 18th century, it has been widely connected with people in Western countries. Therefore, the "long" 18th century and the "modern" 19th century were not clearly separated and completely separated. "".

The "global steering" of micro -history also helps us reflect on global historical narrative. In the traditional global/world history narrative, Europe, elites, men, and imperialism occupy a central position. New World History/New Global History, which has emerged from the end of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century, attempts to eliminate the influence of various centers, especially the "European Center theory", and focus on the inspections on those bounds, politics, geography, and culture. It has a historical process of "cross -regional, continents, hemispheres, and even all kinds of affairs in the world. However, as the micro historian Davis said in the article "Removing the History of Centralization: Local Story and Cultural Exchange of Globalization" (2011), the "historical narrative and category division" of the new global history may still belong to the "Western Center On "or" European Center theory "; and the new global history on the key historical process, especially the" large -scale interaction between civilization, business empire and species ", may also cause them to ignore the lower levels, women, and colonies. The sounds of marginal groups and individuals such as the people, these sounds are the focus of social history, gender history, and post -colonial research that has risen in the middle and late 20th century. Therefore, it is difficult for new global history to truly eliminate the impact of various centers. The attention of micro -global history to individuals, women, women, colonies, and individuals among non -Western people can break through this limit. This was a good proof of Davis's "Walkingman" and other works. Therefore, the "global steering" of micro -history and the rise of micro global history helps us reflect on the global narrative centered on European, elite, men, and imperialism, and promotes global history to "decentralize".

(This article is the National Social Science Fund Youth Project "The" Left -Wing Film 'and Revolutionary Mobilization Research "(18CDJ009), and the high -level talent research launch project of OCT University" The "Left -Wing Film" Research in the History of Art Social History "( 18SKBS210) Pharmaceutical results)

(Author Unit: College of Marxism University of Overseas Chinese University)

Source: China Social Science Network-Journal of Social Sciences of China

Author: Song Danling

- END -