Wish thinking: How do you bring people in the ditch?

What kind of ratio is your rationality, desire, and fear? In the ", Reading Jun mentioned that reason, desire, and fear, we jointly determine a person's cognition and behavior. For example, if the bowl of dirt is clean, we will not use it, because although the rationality is clean, there is no desire for such a bowl, and the dirt is very afraid, so we will not use it.

On the contrary, many people like it after cleaning the large intestine of the stains. After cleaning and making dishes, many people like it because of the rational judgment. Although they are afraid of the dirt, they can't stop enjoying the delicious desire and they will eat it.

Compared with the two, the difference lies in desire. Our inner desire may guide us like "Arctic Star", or we may fall into the trap.

What is wishful thinking? What traps are there? Regarding these issues, readers can refer to the intensive reading of the Juntong Dictionary "1964: Wishes". After the full text is attached, I look forward to what you can read.

Read Reading

"1964: Wish"

Pre -thinking

Please review a piece of material about weight fluctuations in the error and think: What inspiration is this for you?

Geller wants to lose weight. He eats some kind of weight loss food and weighs it every morning.

If he finds that he is lighter than yesterday, he will smile slightly and attribute the result to the success of weight loss.

If the weight increases, he regards it as a normal fluctuation and forget it.

He has lived in this hallucination for several months, thinking that some kind of weight loss food is very useful, although his weight has basically remained unchanged.

Q1: What is your wish?

A,:,

1. Wish, refers to:

The expectations in my heart, especially good ideas.

For example, when eating birthday cakes, everyone has a wish habit. The importance of desire in our lives can be seen from this sense of ritual.

2. You must see the disadvantages.

Although the two -point method is simple and rude, only one thing is divided into two, such as men, women, day and night, good and bad, right and wrong, but compared to only one side, the cognitive particle size will be relatively detailed, more conditional, and more conditional. Do a good job of judgment.

For example, the two -point method of advantages and disadvantages reminds us that the advantages and disadvantages are usually coexisted. It is often wrong.

However, although it is not difficult to understand, in some situations, because of attention to a certain aspect, it is often seen that there is no disadvantage, or the opposite.

For example, the language has different emotional colors, which can be divided into righteous words, neutral words and derogatory words. It is disturbed by emotional colors. It is easy to ignore its disadvantages by using righteous words. It is easy to ignore its value when using derogatory words.

Taking laziness as an example, when using this derogatory term, it means that we have a negative attitude towards evaluation objects, but laziness is divided into good or bad, just like diligence and hardships.

We can distinguish between "high -quality diligence" and "low -quality diligence", "high -quality lazy people" and "low -quality lazy people", because "high -quality lazy people" pursue efficiency, "low -quality diligent people" do not ask for method.

Similarly, wish is usually used for use, because it can exert significant positive value, but it may also cause disadvantages, which is worthy of our vigilance.

Today's entry, read the desire for the brief reading, for reference to read friends, and improve the management ability of desire.

Q2: How to understand your wishes?

A,:,

1. Understand value.

The positive value of the wish is that it can guide us to move forward like the Arctic Star indicators.

For example, American explorer John Godad.

Gadid was born in 1924. When he was 15 years old, he was only a child who had never seen the world in a suburbs in Los Angeles. Unlike other children, he solemnly wrote a list called "Life Volunteer", listing the 127 wishes he wanted to complete in his life.

These wishes are not so simple to realize. Let's take a look at some of the wishes:

"Go to the Nile, Amazon River and the Congo River; ascend to Mount Everest, Qili Mazaro, and Matson Mountain; after reading Shakespeare, Plato and Aristotle; running within 5 minutes (1609.344 Mi); re -traveling Mark Polo and Alexander Emperor Travel routes; swimming in Lake Victoria; diving in Australia's Great Barrier Reef; spectral music; write a book; learn to fly; learn French, Spanish, and Arabic; Every country in the world; get married and have children; visit the moon; live to the 21st century. "

For the list of desires of life, Goddard later explained: "I wrote that table because I had clearly realized that I had experienced poverty at the age of fifteen. Potential, I really want to do a career.

I am very interested in everything -travel, medicine, music, literature ... I want to do it, and I want to encourage others. When I set the grand blueprint, I had a goal in my heart, and I would feel that there was something to do every moment. I also know that people around them often keep their rules. They never risk and never dare to challenge themselves in any aspect. I am determined not to take this old road. "

After listing the list of wishes, Goddard studied and worked, while using limited time, energy and money to complete one seemingly impossible goal after another:

Ascend to the highest peak of the 12th world; become the first person to explore the longest river in the world and the first person to go through the Congo River; to 122 countries, live with 260 different primitive tribes; 40 different types of aircraft; learn to speak French, Spanish, and Arabic; follow the Marco Polo route to come to China through the Middle East and Asia; the total mileage of more than one million miles of adventure is equivalent to 45 times the world; ... .. In the process, Goddard escaped many times. He was attacked by the ferocious hippocampus and crocodile, bitten by a poisonous snake, was attacked by a furious elephant and rhino; he was almost buried in a huge sandstorm and was stolen by Shanghai in Shanghai. The rapids and deep -sea diving almost drowned four times when diving.

Overcoming difficulties, before his death in 2013, Goddard completed more than 110 in his life list, becoming a great anthropologist and explorer.

For the value of this desire for life, Goddard said: "If you really know what you want in your life, you will be surprised to find that helping you realize your dream opportunity to run by yourself." Wishes driving life value, which shows it.

2. Examine the disadvantages.

A coin has two positive and negative sides, and the desire drives life's influence significant. If it is positive, it reflects value; if it is negative effects, it reflects the disadvantages.

Let's check a case first, about painting identification.

The 17th century Johnes Vermel was the most famous painter in the history of the Netherlands. Artist History expert Abraham Bredius was a study of Vermel's authority. In 1937, a Vimir painting that was just discovered "Dinner with Magas" (as shown in the following illustrations) was true.

He mentioned in the appraisal word: "This painting is very different from all other paintings in Vermel, but every inch in the painting is real Vermel."

From the perspective of bystanders, this statement is doubtful: because everyone is familiar with all the works of Vermel, the new so -called painting is different from his original works, and the technology and content are not comparable.

The new discovery of the true traces of Vermel was not only this, but then a few more cameras, but Breddyius did not doubt it until there was sufficient evidence to falsify these so -called truth.

In 1940, the Netherlands was occupied by Nazi Germany, and the Dutch merchants acquired Vermir's works to avoid them falling into the hands of the Nazi. But there was a new discovery of the true trace of Vermel, that is, "The Woman of Jesus and the Rose", which was sold to the Nazi leader Herman Golin.

The person who sells paintings is named Han Van Miglen. After liberation of the Netherlands in 1945, he was arrested for the crime of rebellion. Fan Miglen was self -protection, saying that the newly discovered the so -called Vermel's true trace was forged.

The Dutch government found scientists to identify that phenolic resin and cobalt blue in the paintings of painting cannot exist in the era of Vermel more than 300 years ago. Van Miglen also imitated a Vimre on the scene in prison to prove that he did have this ability.

So, the question comes: Bredius is studying the authority of Vermel. Why is it wrong?

The fundamental reason is the wish: he wants those paintings to be true.

It turned out that Bredius had a knot. In the world, Vermir has only two of the world's works. One is in the hands of Bredius, and the other has been mistakenly identified as a fake painting by him. This error identification has become his academic stain, and bystanders are easy to have ideas: Why is it only the real traces in your hands, and everything else is fake?

In order to avoid making similar errors and washing their own academic stains, Bradius has been waiting for a chance. And Bredius also has a point of view. He speculated that Vermel was influenced by Italian painter Caravaggio when he was young, but there was no evidence.

The "Dinner with Masha" by Fan Miglen is exactly a religious painting, and the composition also imitates Caravaggio. This is not a coincidence. Forgery Fan Miglen clearly knows the knot and wishes of Bredius, and falsify the kung fu: imitating Vermel's brushwork, with a real cracking canvas in the 17th century, invented the pigment very dry, the alcohol wipe the color, the color can not fall off the color. Technology, in line with the awareness of antique painting at that time.

In this way, Van Miglen left all kinds of inside to understand clues and seduce Bredius. Although the level of pseudo -paint is far less than Vermel, it happened to make Breddyius wrong because it happened to meet the wishes of Bradius.

Through this case, it is not difficult for readers to feel that even if the professionals are biased by their wishes, they may also obtain wrong judgments with their professional skills.

3. Exploration of attribution.

If the negative effects of wish, if the attribution will be found, the problem is: regarding wish as a fact.

For example, Bredius hopes to be true, so it is true that those false works are true.

In the English world, this phenomenon has a proprietary concept called "Wishful Thinking". The concept of the Chinese world is not yet popular, and the literal translation is "wish thinking".

The reason why it is called "Thinking" is defined as a thinking pattern because the wishful thinking is natural, and the person in charge often does not realize that this is a mistake.

Some people may not think so. Wish thinking is to equate their wishes with facts. For example, what I hope is right, I believe what is right, and my wish and facts are obviously different. How can it be confused?

From the concept, the two are indeed different, but in many specific situations, many people cannot distinguish between the differences between the two.

For example, a boy chasing girls. Although the girl has clearly refused, the boys are still tangled. When others ask why, they will resign when they ask: she loves me deep inside, but she is shy and dare not express. It is a test of me. The onlookers will clearly identify that this boy is just wishful thinking, but the parties cannot recognize, because he hopes that girls like him, they will equate their wishes with the facts and fall into their wishes.

In fact, everyone is Bredius, and they may fall into their wishes, but the degree of depth is different.

For example, Geller in the pre -thinking is fell into a confirmation error, which means that it is compatible with our existing theory, world outlook, and belief.

Geller's belief is: for this weight loss food pipe. Even if the weight increases or remains unchanged, it will be selectively ignored, and when the weight decreases, it will be firm.

Confirmation of errors is that the wish of wish has been seriously expressed to a certain extent. Geller hopes to use weight loss food pipelines, that is, this is the way to interpret weight -related information and use weight loss food pipes as facts, even if there are anti -example evidence and positive evidence.

If you worsen, your wishful thinking may induce the anti -fire effect, which means that when people encounter conflicts with their beliefs or evidence, unless they are enough to completely destroy the original beliefs, the original faith will be more enhanced.

For example, the older the elderly buy the so -called health products, the more they do n’t want to buy, the more persistence; the more people who join the MLM, the more I believe in MLM.

An important reason is that the attention is completely biased by the inner desire, because the strong hopes to come true, and the desire is equivalent to the facts. The more likely it is, the more likely the evidence of the inner desire is not visible or interpreted in the opposite direction.

Reason is easy to become emotional slaves, and wish is a powerful emotion. If you are not vigilant enough for your wish, it is easy to recruit. At this time, there may be no more than the opposite evidence. The parties will indulge in their inner desires and unable to extricate themselves, which is completely distorted by the world's cognition.

At the end of the entry, I would like to remind me to read that the identification can be managed before it can be managed.

If it is difficult to identify wishes and ignore its harm, we cannot make rational exerting value. Wishes may have significant positive value and have good wishes. It is better to treat it solemnly like Goddard, but we cannot assume that wishes are right or facts, because wishes are just wishes.

Rear thinking:

① What inspiration does Goddard's life desire give you?

② What wishful thinking performance do you observe? How to deal with it?

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