What is "Jiangnan No. 1 Stone City" in Wonderland?

Author:Authentic style Time:2022.09.03

| Xuanyuan Huangdi Temple and Xiandu Dinghu Peak, the clouds are lingering, like Genting Fairy Palace |

Photography | © Xu Xiaofeng

Here, Zhejiang Yunyun, a fairy town that integrates beauty and talent.

For many foreigners, the first time I know this is a cuisine called "缙对于对于".

A long time ago, you are likely to have appreciated its scenery. The streams are gurgling, the ancient bridge is lying horizontal, and the stalagmos -like peaks on the surface of the water -this scene is not only a martial arts, fairy man, and fantasy film and television drama.

| Xiaoqiao flowing water, idyllic shepherd, "Tianguang Cloud Shadow Wandering together" |

Photography | © Feng Mobo

Enjoy the food, check the beauty, and how many people are willing to read this small town of Jiangnan?

In Yunyun, the real king is actually -stones. Only through it can we understand Zhejiang and the vast number of Jiangnan from Yunyun. Instead and outside, up and down, this is a real "stone city".

Stone, bred "Wonderland"

Where is the Yunyun?

| Triangular Yunyun, connects many heavy towns in eastern, northern, southern and central in Zhejiang |

Drawing | 右 © 理理理制制制制

In the central and southern parts of Zhejiang, the mountains are vertical and horizontal, and the Yuli Xianxialing of Cangshan and Wuyi Mountain meets here. The tributaries of the second largest river in Zhejiang pass through from south to north. The rivers are on both sides of the river, the peaks are rolling, and the mountain valleys are beautiful.

Among them, Dinghu Peak of Yunyun Xiandu can be called "Wonderland in Wonderland." Xiandu, originally called Yunyun Mountain, was famous for his phrase "Capital of Fairy" during the Tang Xuanzong period, and was renamed Xiandu.

| Clouds, green mountains, streams, are all fairyland at hand |

Photography | © Zhao Jianping

For the first time, I went to Xiandu. On the day of the spring rain, Dinghu Peak drilled into the clouds and fog, looming, a group of egrets fluttered from the willow wood, like a piece of paper was rolled up by the wind, and it drifted away along the waves of good streams. go.

In front of the scene, more than 800 years ago, an ancient man named Wang Shipeng had also seen it. He was a champion of urban life during the Southern Song Dynasty. Faced with the landscape here, he wrote two poems:

Emperor's belonging to the metropolis

I hate watching West Lake to see Dinghu

Later, the verses became the best advertisement of Xiandu. Why, he is "tired of" West Lake here, and "prefer" Dinghu Peak?

Let's take a look at Wang Shipeng's life: he is the champion of Song Gaozong's chief, and he is also a representative of the main battle. From Gaozong to Xiaozong, in the face of the invasion of the northern Jin Dynasty, he suggested several times to rectify the political politics and use the anti -gold general.

Of course, the West Lake is a beautiful scenery, but this pond water and warm spring breeze are intoxicated to the monarch and minister south. As a result, in the eyes of the people who recovered their homeland, West Lake is a symbol of playable funerals. The two hundred kilometers away, the Lake Yunding Lake present a "violent" face.

| Xiandu Yanmen: The two stones are towering and left and right, and the heavens are settled in danger. | |

Photography | © Zhu Liping

The north is rough and the south is soft. It is our inherent impression. Why is a small town in Jiangnan so alternative? Back to history, we will find that this kind of strong character has penetrated into the bone blood of Yunyun.

The skeleton of the Yunyun land is a volcano formed hundreds of millions of years ago. Geologists told us that the land under the feet is located in the middle section of Wuyi Mountain-Dai Yunshan's bulging zone and Shouchang-Lishui-Jingning Fracture Belt, and the cross point of Zhejiang volcano belt.

Because the sector was active, a large volcanic rock was left. The many tourisms of the Yunyun, such as Xiandu, Huanglong, Iwate, and the Dragon Grand Canyon, are all strange stones.

| The rocks after excavation are like the artificial version of "Dinghu Peak" |

Photography | © Zhu Liping

The most iconic Dinghu Peak belongs to streaming rocks, 170.8 meters high, 710 square meters on the top, and 2468 square meters at the bottom. It is the largest single stone pillar in my country so far, like a huge "stalagmit". It is about 150 million years since the eruption of Bai Yan's volcanic eruption.

Among this volcanic rock landform, the most widely distributed is Ningfen Rock, with a reserves of 3 billion cubic meters. Cing the waist rock, the debris from the volcanic eruption, the main component is the volcanic ash.

Some texture, loose texture, scattered texture, and rough atmosphere; some have fine texture and changing texture, forming a wonderful pattern; there is also a very delicate texture, bright color, cutting like a thousand layer of cakes, the level is clear, the level is clear Essence

| In the Yunshan Mountain, a site of ancient mining and libidal rocks |

Photography | © Zhu Liping

The Yunyun is also rich in granite and red sandstone, but as a building material, the former is too hard and the latter is too loose. The lidal, the texture is relatively soft, and it is easy to minimize it. When the oxidation is oxidized, it becomes extremely hard. The Yunyun people on this land discovered this secret, and the lithite was used for building materials very early.

The first important evidence is that the ancient tombs in the Song Dynasty, most of the stone crickets in the tomb were made of meticulous lithite slate and strip stone.

The second evidence is that the Puqiao Bridge under the Peak of Dinghu, which squatted on the translucent good stream. Take a photo of the same frame of the stream, ancient bridge, and Dinghu Peak, which is a must -see project for photographers and tourists.

| Under Dinghu Peak, pastoral pastoral |

Photography | © Zhang Xiaoping

Local literary and historical experts Xiang Yizhong told me: Like many ancient tombs, the Dinghu Peak Bridge under his feet was also built in the Song Dynasty, which was paved from hundreds of lily. Ancient tombs and ancient bridges, ground and ground, stones and the lives of the Yunyun people are integrated. | Aerial Aerospace, Yunyun Modern Stone Capsules |

Photography | © Zhu Liping

Stone, connecting traffic

Lishun County is under the jurisdiction of Lishui City, southwestern Zhejiang, and links with central Zhejiang. The map of the entire county is like a triangle. In ancient times, it was like an awl, which was embedded at the junction of the four governments of Jinhua, Taizhou, Wenzhou, and the prefecture (now Lishui).

| 缙 Yun's water system, connect her and the surrounding cities |

Drawing | 右 © 理理理制制制制

The location is important, but there are more than 340 mountains above 1000 meters above sea level. In these mountains, there are many ancient roads hidden, such as the Cangguyu Road in the southern Zhejiang to the capital of the capital; Taizhou and Wenzhou to Jinhua's Cangling Ancient Post Road; the coast to the inland ancient saltway ...

| In the map of the state government (partial) in the Qing Dynasty, the important mountains, cities, rivers, and Caocai in the territory were marked. Blue is the river and orange as the post road. The direction is "upper south, down and north" |

Picture source | "Zhejiang Ancient Facal atlas", the Grand Geographical Museum later color treatment

There are three main rivers in the territory of Yunyun, namely good streams, new streams, and Yong'an streams, but they do not work together, but they flow to the three water systems of the Minjiang River, Qiantang River and Lingjiang. On weekdays, the river is very quiet and can be navigated and irrigated. However, in the rainy season, when it comes to the outbreak of mountain floods, it will become a violent beast. Li Bai came here and once sighed:

But think of evil streams, rather fear of evil streams.

Roar seventy beaches, water and stones sprayed thin.

Before the Tang Dynasty, the real name of Haoxi was called evil stream.

| This strange landscape is left by the Yunyun people after mining stone |

Photography | © Zhu Liping

Affected by this terrain and hydrological conditions, in order to change the traffic conditions, the Yunyun people can only choose to build bridges and roads without hesitation. In order to prevent the flood of the stream, the soft wood cannot be used, then the stone bridge becomes the first choice. If you want to avoid the impact of the floods, you must increase and widen. Therefore, the stone bridge of Yiyun often exceeds other places, with more than 10 meters of more than 100 meters.

Among the existing stone arch bridges, the Xianmu Bridge of Huzhen is leading.

| Gongji Bridge in Heyang Village, Yun County, is a Shi Gong Bridge in the Qing Dynasty |

Photography | © Zhu Liping

The bridge was founded in the 22nd year of the Qing Dynasty (1817). After one year and nine months of hard construction, this super stone arch bridge with a length of 178 meters, 9.3 meters high, and 4 meters wide was finally completed. Immediately afterwards, Lu's 110 -meter Jiyi Bridge was built in the Nankukou of Wuyun Town, the county, and a 150 -meter -long competitive bridge was built at the Ferry of Dongdu Town.

Zhu Yun, another Wang family, also launched the pace of building a bridge. In the three years of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1853), a five -hole stone arch bridge with 87 meters long, 4 to 5 meters wide, and 7.3 meters high was named Gongji Bridge outside Heyang Village. Interestingly, the bridge opened from the east and west sides at the same time. When the bridge was in the dragon, the last square slate was gently put down, and the bridge synthesized a whole. The locals call it "lock bridge stone".

| 缙 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Photography | © Zhu Liping

In addition to the stone arch bridge, there are also Lobu Bridge, such as 173 meters of Jichuan Step Bridge, 156.5 meters of Songzhou Laobu Bridge, 145 meters long Lianxi Laobu Bridge, 115 -meter -long Banyan Bridge, 110 meters long The across stream, the bridge, etc.

Large stone arch bridges are located on the main roads, and Masuba Bridge is mostly located in the countryside. Put a row or two rows of upright stones in the riverbed or two rows, and lay a bridge with more than 1 meter in length on the stones. "And.

| Haoxi, one of the biggest tributaries in Minjiang, Puqiao Bridge is its iconic landscape |

Photography above Figure 1 | 胜 Wu Shengbo, Figure 1 Photography | Zhu Liping

Although it looks as simple as building blocks, it is very technical:

First, select the bridge site in the smooth place of the water flow. The river bed comes with a large piece of cobblestone is filled with large pieces of pebbles to strengthen the bridge address.

Secondly, the pillar base should be deeply inserted into the riverbed, and the water side of the water should be reinforced with a triangular stones on the side of the water;

Again, the ends of the upright stigma and the stones of the flat shop are connected with a two -way inverted swallow -tailed tenon. If you observe it carefully, you will also find a trick. The combination of the bridge plate and the bridge pier is very reasonable: the water mouth is slightly larger, the more the water outlet is slightly smaller, the more the water rushes, and the tighter the bridge plate and the bridge pier are connected.

In addition to these ancient bridges, there is also a double -layer bridge built in the late 1960s -ancient recipes.

| The ancient recipes in the picture above have a taste of the ancient Roman period. The picture below is a stone arch bridge with a span of more than 100 meters |

Photography | © Zhu Liping

In that era of battlefields, a number of reservoir dams, dams, weir dams, and irrigation canals were built. During this period, this imaginative two -story and 28.7 -meter -high ancient recipe survival came into being. The lower layer consists of 5 large arch, and the upper layer consists of 28 small arch, which jointly supports a 220 -meter -long sink. The craftsmen used manual operations completely, raising the irrigation water to the air, and passed through the distance to the distance.

In addition, Yiyun also has various types of stone bridges such as Shiliang Bridge, Shibiri Bridge, and Gelah Bridge. It seems that the Yunyun people must carry out the stone project to the end.

It is easy to find out that the map of Zhejiang's largest watershed Qiantang River and the second largest watershed in the Minjiang River in Zhejiang are not connected. The most recent connection point is Yiyun County. In other words, the road of Yunyun can be connected to northern, central, east, and southern parts of Zhejiang.

| Map (partial) of Yiyun County in the Qing Dynasty, blue is river and orange is the post road. The direction is "upper south, down and north" |

Picture source | "Zhejiang Ancient Facal atlas", the Grand Geographical Museum later color treatment

Therefore, these bridges are not only to connect the local area, but also to open up the entire Zhejiang transportation hub.

If you have the opportunity to cross the ancient times, even the entire Liyun City was made by stones. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the famous poet and patriotic general Chen Zilong passed the Yun Yun and looked up at the county seat, wrote the verses:

"The cliff opens a small city, and the city is suspicious."

400 years ago, there was a lot of relics today, which is a stone house after another.

| "Stone City" consists of many Shitou Village.

Photography | © Ye Ye happy

Stone, brought homeland

Speaking of stone houses, the southeast coast of China is not uncommon. For example, there are fishermen, a fisherman who has a typhoon. The houses are mostly one to two floors, and the doors and windows are small. There are also many granite rock houses in the mountains of the Mainland, but because the granite is hard and heavy, the heavier to the high barrier wall, it is likely to cause the foundation to collapse or the wall collapse. Therefore, this type of stone house must be strictly controlled.

The density of the lidal lids is relatively small, and it is easy to pull up the floors. On the two sides of the Laoyun Old Town, there are tall buildings, like stone castles, up to 6 floors and more than 20 meters high.

Compared with the traditional residential houses of brick and wood structure, the stone house is firm and practical, warm in winter and cool in summer, easy to ventilate, and saves building materials. Twenty years ago, the "small houses" of the "small houses" with steel and red bricks as the main building materials rose, and the stone houses of the once fashionable three townships withdrew from the stage of history.

| Xianyan Village Stone Auditorium Inside and Outside |

Today, the Bridge North Road, Fuxing Street, Temple Hou Street, and Xibin South Road in Liyun County still retain the pieces of stone houses. Many communities are basically stone houses. The Auditorium of Zhishi Jian once became standard in rural areas. The iconic buildings of villages such as official stores, Shuanglong, Xianyan, Tangshi, Shuikou, Huchuan, and Huchuan are still the stone auditorium in the 1970s and 1980s.

In addition to the magnificent quantity, there are many ancient villages made of stone, and the most representative is Iwali Village. More than 200 stone houses are built with irregular pebbles and rocks.

| Various stone utensils in ancient villages can be called "Museum of Art Museum" |

走进村庄之中，一切建筑构件和生活用具，也都是石头的世界：天井、窗台、柱础、柱子、台阶、栏杆、抱鼓、水缸、水槽、石臼、石杵、碾磨、石Scale, stone bench.

Speaking of the grotto, we first thought of Dunhuang in the desert. Many people do not know that in Zhejiang, the eastern coastal provinces of China, there are also large -scale grottoes. The most well -known of which are the "China's largest underground Grottoes" Longyou Grottoes, and Wenling Changyu Tiantian, known as the "Sea Grottoes".

It is hidden between them, and a larger cloud cave group is hidden. However, the emergence of this grotto is not to sculpt the Buddha statue, but to build stones and build a homeland.

| Looking up from "Yantu" upwards, it is difficult for us to imagine that this is the landscape left by the ancient life in the mountains |

For more than a thousand years, the ancestors of the Yunyun of the "relying on the mountains" have been constantly mining as lethals, and they have taken out countless large and small caves. The locals call it "rocky", which means the cave of the stone. The largest tens of thousands of cubic meters, the smallest only tens of square meters.

| The Liyun Grottoes under the setting sun dye the cave into golden |

One day in the cave, the world for thousands of years. The mountains in the mountains that lasted for thousands of years have stopped, but the story of the stone is still continuing. Today, although the modern steel cement building has risen, the Yunyun people still like to enjoy the symphony of the stone.

The stones accompanied by daily life also shaped the character of the Yunyun people. In Zhejiang, which is immersed in culture in Jiangnan, the simplicity and tenacity of the Yunyun people is a different number.

| Aerial aerial photography "rocky" is another kind of scenery. It is with the stones in the mountain that the modern highway can be paved |

Written article | Lu Xiaomin

Audit | Hai Youjun

Head Figure | Xu Xiaofeng

Figure | Zhu Liping

※ Mr. Lu Xiaomin, the author of this article, is a member of the Chinese Writers Association, a member of the Zhejiang Writers Association All Committee, and the vice president of Zhejiang Provincial Society of Prosperity Literature. Special thanks: Zhu Liping, a famous photographer in Xiangyi Yunyun, an expert in Literature and History, Literature and History of Literature and History,

This article is reproduced from the public account 丨 Grand Geography Museum

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