Master of Shanghai Treasures, the ears are "worth buying insurance", and they will be uncomfortable to hear others singing and running.

Drive 50 kilometers, arrived at Dajiang Road, Songjiang District, and walked into the third -floor workshop of Shanghai National Musical Instrument 1 Factory Co., Ltd. On the busy assembly line, it is an unfinished guzheng, and the dull pianists who are secretly compared. Because the annual "Dunhuang Cup" Guzheng production competition is about to begin soon.

The 55 -year -old Shen Zhiqiang squinted his eyes, opened his own baby's tools one by one, and fixed the decoration of the zheng head. He was alone in the workshop, and he was unsatisfactory with the world, but he was a good player. Last year, he won the first place in the game. This year, he counted another battle. Asked Master Shen to make a good piano, he smiled and glanced at a female master who had just passed.

Master Shen, 55, won the first place in the "Dunhuang Cup" Guzheng production competition last year

She is the person we want to look for -Li Sufang, the technician, lawyer and quality director of Shanghai National Musical Instrument Plant Co., Ltd., and representative inheritance of Shanghai Intangible Cultural Heritage. Li Sufang, 65, has a short hair and wearing a blue work clothes through the assembly line. Her skin is now popular "wheat color", which is the color that is tuned by the sun in the outdoor sports for many years.

"Qin must be done well, and it is better to adjust. This year and last year, they have to rely on Teacher Li to adjust." Shen Zhiqiang said. No, Li Sufang said, and asked Master Shen to make a tool for her. Master Shen nodded again and again, and the glasses slipped down from the bridge of the nose.

The workshop is stunned, detailed work

The production of a guzheng must go through nearly two hundred complicated processes. The last one is also the most beautiful process, which is the tone. Li Sufang has the legendary "absolute sound quasi". Every year, about 20,000 Dunhuang brand high -end Guzheng is tested by her ears to leave the factory.

At the age of 15, he entered the Shanghai National Musical Instrument Factory Industrial Middle School and entered the factory at the age of 18. He became the only female apprentice of Xu Zhengao, the father of Guzheng. By this year, Li Sufang has been with Guzheng for 50 years and has been studying for 50 years. In 50 years, the guzheng instrument also completed its "counterattack".

Fifty years ago, the annual output of the ancient zither in the Shanghai National Musical Instrument Factory was only dozens of units. After 50 years, the maximum sales of Guzheng had a maximum of over 100,000 units. In the piano that Li Sufang, the most expensive lobular rosewood "phoenix at the sea" Jinzheng, the price is 1.28 million yuan. Behind the "hot" of Guzheng is the revival of traditional culture and the rise of the national tide, and it is inseparable from the continuous innovation of several generations of pianists and the continuous innovation of national musical instruments.

Li Sufang said: "By the age of me, in retrospect, if a person's life, as long as one thing is done, it is enough. What I want to do has done it for 50 years and hasn't finished it yet."

Li Sufang in the workshop

Legendary ears

"Xiao Li, come here."

Soon after entering the factory, Li Sulfang was assigned to the piano group to tune. On the first day, the master intends to test her: "You listen, is this sound high or low?"

Unexpectedly, Li Sufang blurted out: "Two tall points."

"What about this sound?"

"Three lows."

"Sound" is the first unit of British musicians Ericis. Each "semi -sound" is divided into 100 sounds. If there is no professional instrument measurement, ordinary people's ears are extremely difficult to distinguish the error of accurate to the sound points.

Li Sufang passed the test of the old master perfectly, making him look at it: "In addition to me, you are the second ear sound!"

Li Sufang tunes the guzheng, this is the last process of making Guzheng's production

The ears are light, not only the sound is good, but also keenly grasp the personality of each guzheng. In 1998, the Chinese national musical instrument (Guzheng, Pipa) production contest was held in Beijing. The curtain was pulled on the stage, and Li Sufang, who was sitting on the stage, could say 10 producers of the Shanghai participating piano in turn by discrimination. He could even hear whether the place of the piano was Suzhou or Beijing.

It was this game that made Li Sufang fame in the first game and became a "legend." Someone joked, saying that Li Sufang's ears should be regarded as an important asset of the Shanghai National Musical Instrument Factory, and "worth buying insurance."

How did these ears make? Li Sufang said: "It is probably a special feature. Maybe everyone has a special function. Mine is sensitive to the ears. Of course, in addition to talent, experience is also very important. The vibration mode, sound transmission method or feel of a piano, need I can disconnect for many years. Of course, there are also troubles, that is, if you sing and run, let me hear it. I will be uncomfortable after hearing it. "

When tuning, as long as Li Sufang is given a standard sound, she can adjust a piano for a few minutes, and she can adjust 60 piano a day. The tuning is not only to adjust the sound, but the sound area must be balanced, and the feel and tension must also be coordinated. "Give me a piano, I will transfer it out of its best state."

Such self -confidence comes from the heart of every component and process of Guzheng.

There are nearly a hundred processes in the production of Guzheng

She still remembers that when she first started learning Guzheng production, she did not have the production of mechanization and assembly lines today. The indicator gave her in the factory at that time was to produce a guzheng a month. From the opening of the wood, nearly two hundred procedures, she completed it by herself from beginning to end.

After all, this is still a physical work. No wonder there are not many female masters, and most of them focus on making lightweight accessories, or complete fine processes such as paint paint. Li Sufang's advantage is that she is 168cm tall and loves to play basketball and badminton. She is energetic, and she is willing to suffer and not to lose. The male master is good at physical work, she can do it; the male master is not good at meticulous work, and she can do it. This may be one of the reasons why "Father of Guzheng" Xu Zhengao.

The persistence of several generations of pianists

"In my life, I can follow my master Xu Zhen Gao Xueyi, which is worth it." Li Sufang said.

Not long ago, she watched the master of Guzheng Wang Changyuan in 1976 and performed the classic "Typhoon War". At a glance, Wang Changyuan's piano was produced by Master Xu Zhengao. "That's the piano he made more than 40 years ago. Now it sounds like the sound is so good."

In the rivers and lakes produced by Guzheng, Xu Zhengao is a legend. He has made a milestone innovation on Guzheng, a national musical instrument with a history of more than 2,000 years.

Xu Zhengao's master Miao Jinlin is also famous. He was a member of the Shanghai Datong Club. The Datong Music Club, which was launched in Shanghai a century ago, was the cradle of Chinese national music. Miao Jinlin learned the ethnic instruments and improved musical instruments there. Miao Jinlin only accepted a apprentice Xu Zhengao, and during his serious illness, he taught him the guzheng production technology and experience without reservation.

Xu Zhengao and Miao Jinlin and other "S -shaped" Yue Shan 21st zither, which is a major breakthrough in improvement, has now become a standard style of universal national. This change makes the string vibrate more uniform, harmonious and harmonious. In addition, Xu Zhengao has made outstanding contributions in the adjustment of the code adjustment, the improvement of the strings, and the introduction of the standardized zheng mode.

The workshop is one storm, the piano is higher than the people

Xu Zhengao not only made Guzheng better, but also made Guzheng look better. Li Sufang remembered that she just worshiped Xu Zhengao as a teacher, and the master gave her a piece of white paper and a pencil, letting her start with learning painting, "looking at Guzheng with artistic vision."

"My master said that a long time ago, every time he walked on the road with Guzheng, and the person who didn't know the instrument said that he was carrying a coffin. He made up his mind to make Guzheng look good."

As a result, Xu Zhen Gao Tian Tian went to Chenghuang Temple, looking for inspiration between the sculpture beams and painting, and discussed with the sculpting master to design a new pattern. "Shuanghe Chaoyang is the original pattern of my master, as well as lotus flowers, dragon and phoenix, etc. In the 1970s, it is very avant -garde. We have used many of his patterns to this day, but now we have used machines, which is more refined than previous carvings. "Li Sufang said.

Today, Xu Zhengao has drove Qinxi. Li Sufang said: "The most important thing for Master to teach me is to learn to be a person first, and be a person with principles and bottom lines. It is solid and starting from a bit. ","

Today, Li Sufang also has his own children and grandchildren. There are many "post -00s" in the grandson, which is also considered "successful." "The same is true for my apprenticeship, starting from being a person. I often tell them that from workers to craftsmen, there is a long distance in the middle. You must have an ingenuity, and you must work hard regardless of your personal person."

In the workshop, the fan blows the bangs

The secret in the workshop

Torter in the workshop, Li Sufang's 44 -year -old apprentice Xu Zhongrong said the most "no": this is not allowed to shoot, and that is not allowed to shoot. Those new products that have not been announced well, those joint customized models, and those new type of zither are all developed in the workshop.

From Master Xu Zhengao, he inherited the spirit of exploration. Li Sufang participated and dominated a number of Guzheng reforms, and had a number of patents. For example, the multi -sound strings made with Professor Li Meng of the Central Conservatory of Music. A piano has both five sounds and a seven -sound order. It can play both traditional Chinese works and foreign works.

This room is Li Sufang's laboratory

In recent years, Li Sufang has also successfully developed bass zither, portable zither, and intelligent interactive zither with the team. Xu Zhongrong is her proud student. What does Li Sufang think about it?

With the efforts of generations after generations, the musical instrument of Guzheng continues to "counterattack", and more and more people learn Guzheng. "In 2000, our factory opened a subsidiary in Lancao County, Henan, which was rich in Tongmu. The director of Wang Guozhen was very visionary at the time. He said," Guzheng is a Chinese piano ', because it sounds nice, easy to learn, it will definitely be popular in the future. . After 2000, our zither sales have made rapid progress. "

Today, Li Sufang has a wish -to overcome the problem of "turning" of Guzheng.

"The turning of Guzheng is still a blank. This difficulties have been overcome. The instrument of Guzheng can go to another step to perform more diverse tracks. We are currently working with Shanghai Jiaotong University mechanics laboratory. Complete devices can analyze scientific data on the instrument, promote the innovation of Guzheng, from theoretical to practice, to theory, and constantly leap forward. "

Two masters discuss in the workshop

Seeing Li Sulfang's serious energy, someone joked: "If you don't know, you think you are making the original bullet."

"It is to take out the scientific spirit and innovation spirit of the original bullets to create a better national musical instrument." Li Sufang replied, "After years of evolution of Western classical instruments, it is quite mature.Out of better performers, better works, promote the development of national music and the revival of traditional culture. "In the epidemic, the research and development of Guzheng's" transfer "was stagnant, because the research and development of the workshop was unavoidable.In order to speed up the progress, Li Sufang today is running against time.

"This is a very difficult thing, and it is also what I want to do most now. If I can really overcome the" turning "of Guzheng in my lifetime, there is no regret for it."

Liberation Daily · Shangguan News Original manuscript, reprinting without authorization

Author: Wu Tong

WeChat editor: Miss Pi

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