Analysis and suggestion of data analysis and suggestions of electromechanical equipment failure in Shanghai Baoshan section of the Yangtze River

The failure of ship mechanical and electrical equipment refers to the state where ship manipulation capacity is limited due to the abnormalities of ship mechanical and electrical equipment and its subsidiaries during the operation of the ship navigation or leaving operation. Difficulties in the power output or steering gear of the ship. When the electromechanical equipment failure of the ship is limited, due to the limitation of navigation power or the control capacity of the direction, it is easy to occur, collision, and even overwhelming, which will not only endanger the safety of the ship itself, but also have a great impact on his ship and navigation environment.

By introducing the characteristics of the waters of the Baoshan section of the Yangtze River in this article, the relevant data of ships and electrical equipment failure in the area under its jurisdiction in recent years have discussed the causes of electromechanical equipment failure in combined with specific examples.

Characteristics of the waters of Baoshan section in Shanghai

The waters of the Shanghai Baoshan section of the Yangtze River in this article are the waters of the Baoshan Maritime Bureau directly under the Shanghai Maritime Safety Administration, and the golden water channel of Tongjiang Dahai. The characteristics of its waters are "more than five": one is many channels, including Baoshan Channel, Baoshan North Channel, Baoshan South Channel, etc.; Second, there are many coastal docks, such as Luojing Wharf, Gas Factory Pier, Baosteel Raw Materials Pier, etc.; The third is to be; There are many types of shipping ships, including bulk cargo ships, liquid cargo ships, containers, etc.; Fourth, there are many functions, including anchors, warning areas, and passenger -transferring and transfer areas. The peak ship's flow can reach 1,300 times. Therefore, once the ship fails in the water and electrical equipment in the waters, it is easy to cause serious water traffic safety accidents, which will have a great adverse effect on the navigation of the Shanghai section of the Yangtze River.

According to the dangerous situation in 2021 in the area under the jurisdiction of the Baoshan Maritime Safety Administration, there were 85 accidents in the water area under the jurisdiction of the Baoshan Maritime Bureau, of which 50 were involved in shipping mechanical and electrical equipment, accounting for 58.8%. In addition, 88.5%of the transit ships in shipping and electrical equipment failure ships occur. Therefore, prevention of electromechanical equipment faults from transit ships is also essential to navigation safety in Baoshan waters.

Analysis of the cause of the fault of the machinery and electrical equipment

In recent years, the Shanghai Maritime Affairs Bureau has continuously deepened the supervision of faulty ships in electromechanical equipment, and attaches great importance to investigations of the cause of faults to help ships find the root cause of the fault and strengthen the regular research on the failure of electromechanical equipment failure. In this article, from May 2018 to May 2022, 192 ships in 4 years were sorted out and analyzed by the causes of electromechanical equipment failure. The results showed that the causes of shipping mechanical and electrical equipment in recent years are mainly concentrated in the following four aspects ( See Table 1):

Table 1

1. Lack of maintenance

According to statistics, the lack of maintenance of ships is the biggest factor in the cause of electromechanical equipment failure. It should be pointed out that the lack of maintenance or improper problem seems abstract and general, but the author believes that this is a concentrated manifestation of the root cause of the root cause of the failure of the electromechanical equipment. Failure, belt breaks, etc. Taking the "A" wheel as an example, the exhaust temperature of the host 1 in the Pokémon Channel 1 was abnormally increased, which triggered the automatic protection parking parking. The preliminary determination of the ship's determination of the fault was that the filter blockage caused abnormally increased temperature. If the investigation of the failure stops here, as far as the matter is concerned, you only need to clean the filter. However, in order to find targeted preventive measures, you must find the root cause of the problem from a case of failure, so as to achieve the effect of one and three, and you need to thoroughly find the root cause of the failure. As far as the failure is concerned, through further investigation, according to the requirements of the company's system, the ship should perform a maintenance of the oil circuit filter every half a month, but in fact, the ship has not maintained the oil circuit filter for more than two months. Washing and inspection in time causes the host 1 cylinder oil pump and oil head to block, causing the host to fail. The root cause of the failure of it is that the maintenance is not in place.

At the same time, the author also noticed that ships that failed to maintain electrical equipment due to inadequate maintenance, most of them have problems in terms of equipment maintenance. Either the system did not carry out cyclical maintenance according to the system, or did not write. At the same time, statistical data show that the age of ships in faults accounted for 58.33%of the age of 10 years. With the increase of ship age, the aging of electromechanical equipment and components, coupled with the lack of maintenance of maintenance, is more likely to cause electromechanical equipment failures.

2. Improper oil change operation

There are 125 ships in the faulty ships of electromechanical equipment, and 26 ships that have faults due to improper oil replacement operations, accounting for 20.8%. Improper oil change operations lead to the proportion of failure occupation of such high, not all because the crew is not familiar with the oil change operation, mainly because the Baoshan waters are particularly special. According to the current regulations, the sea ship enters the coastal control zone should use ship fuel with a sulfur content of not more than 0.5%m/m. The inland control area should use ship fuel with a sulfur content of not more than 0.1%m/m. In the inland emissions control area, the downstream is the coastal control area. The Bruch port boundary is not only the dividing line between Shanghai Baoshan waters and the Taicang waters of Jiangsu, but also the boundary between the inland emissions control area and the coastal control area. The problem is that sea ships must choose to switch fuel in Baoshan Waters. At the same time, the navigation environment of the Baoshan waters is also more complicated. Due to avoidance and replacement of water diversion, the speed of the host is unstable, and it will stop from time to time. In this case, it is easy to change oil and cause the host to fail. Taking the "B" round as an example, the fuel conversion in the nearby oil exchange point in the Pokémon channel was in a hurry, and the use of low -sulfur fuel in the conversion process caused the host fuel pump failure. Switching fuel in Baoshan Waters itself meets the requirements of regulations, but as mentioned earlier, the ship has a large density density and complicated navigation environment. Motor voyage cabin staff need to operate more equipment. There are more equipment. It is busy to open or turn off the heating equipment in real time. It is easy to cause improper oil replacement, which will cause the ship host to fail. 3. Human operation error

As we all know, most of the accidents are caused by human factors, and artificial operation errors will not only bring serious safety hazards, but also the most avoiding occurrence. For example, after the "C" wheels occurred in the Pokémon Channel's emergency parking, the ship was stranded at partial navigation in the channel, causing serious hidden dangers of navigation safety. After investigation, it was found that the cause of the failure was caused by the operational error of the driver of the class. The wheel clock is a variable change form, and there is no obvious sense of frustration when shifting. After pulling from high -end positions to low -grade, once the host is stunned, if the host wants to restart, you need to pull the throttle rod to the parking space to reset after resetting the parking space to reset the parking space. Then you can continue the host to start the vehicle. At the time of the incident, the driver pulled the car clock from Sanzan to the parking space. In fact, the car bell handle stayed between the parking space and slowly parking. At this time, the host still had a certain speed due to the water vortex effect. After the car instruction was not verified, the throttle rod was pushed up directly, and then found that the host could not be added. In the panic, the driver mistakenly thought that the host was faulty, and the host was out of control. After being guided by the shore base department, when the head of the turbine re -started the host according to the program, everything was found. Similar "false faults" cases are not a few. The author reminds ships through these cases that do not ignore the operation training of key equipment to avoid unnecessary failures due to human operation errors.

In addition, through the statistical high -income waters of the machinery and electrical equipment of ships, the author also found that the high incidence of electromechanical equipment faults is the Baoshan Channel and Baoshan North Channel, accounting for 45.83%and 31.25%, respectively. (See Table 2)

Table 2

It can be seen that the number of shipping electromechanical equipment in Baoshan Mansion is the largest, mainly due to the passage of the passing area in the channel. After the ship arrives in this area, in order to cooperate with the water diversion personnel to board the ship safely, the water diversion ship needs to be placed on the air and maintains a certain speed and route. Coupled with the high density of ship navigation in the waters, and the navigation environment is relatively complicated, it is easy to cause the ship to cause the ship to fail due to frequent operation, and then cause electromechanical equipment failures. This situation also exists in the Pokétan North Channel. It is also more prominent. The North Channel of Baoshan is nearing the brown line of Liuhekou. Most ships begin to switch fuel in the waterway waters. The operation is slightly improper, which can easily cause the host failure.

Proposal of prevention and electrical equipment failure prevention

Ship mechanical and electrical equipment needs to maintain stable operation. Many people think that mechanical and electrical equipment will always fail due to this or that problem. This is a misunderstanding. Good maintenance and skilled emergency disposal can avoid frequent mechanical and electrical failures. Also, it also occurs frequently. That is to say, mechanical and electrical failure is not irreversible. Through the regular study of the causes of the faulty of the machinery and electrical equipment in recent years, the author proposes the following electrical equipment failure prevention suggestions in combination with the characteristics of the waters of the Baoshan section of the Yangtze River:

First, ship management companies should pay attention to strengthening the company's management system, especially to establish a complete equipment maintenance management system and strictly supervise and implement it. On the one hand, it is necessary to provide strong shore -based support for the ship, including materials, spare parts, technical guidance, etc.; On the other hand, it is necessary to be equipped with professional equipment maintenance managers to strengthen the maintenance of ship maintenance through regular shore -based wheel inspection and other means. Supervise.

The second is that the ship should strengthen its own management level, strictly conduct inspections and maintenance in accordance with the maintenance system, timely eliminate the defects and hidden dangers of electromechanical equipment, and strengthen the training of crew members who operate key equipment operations to avoid human operation errors. At the same time, ship crew members should improve their awareness of responsibility for ships, enhance the initiative and responsibility of maintenance, and improve the management quality of electromechanical equipment.

Third, special prevention measures should be taken through specific waters of ships. For example, in the waters that are in Baoshan waters or frequent trains, they should be replaced with caution. It is recommended to perform oil change operations in advance when going upward. Switch. At the same time, the ships should strengthen the communication and connection with the navigation institution in the pilot operation in the Baoshan waters to avoid causing a hose due to a long time waiting for the hits in the channel. Drive and rudder. Fourth, the ship should pay attention to the motor sailing in navigation dense areas. In front of a narrow waterway with a dense area of ​​shipwrecks and a complicated navigation environment, it should be considered as possible. The preparation of each system and strengthening the test of electromechanical equipment to ensure the safe and reliable operation of electromechanical equipment.

In June 2022, the Shanghai Maritime Safety Administration issued the "Notice of the Shanghai Maritime Affairs Bureau on Strengthening the Safety Management of Electromechanical Equipment Follower Ship", which proposed a more severe "List of Water Hidden Hurry Hurry Hazard in Shanghai Hong Kong Water Transportation" system, which indicates that Shanghai Maritime affairs The bureau's supervision and management of the electromechanical equipment failure ship will go to a new level. This means that with the continuous deepening of the hidden dangers of water and risk management, the responsible subjects in the safety management should actively play a role, actively take the corresponding responsibility, and effectively protect the safety of the ship.

Author: Baoshan Maritime Safety Bureau Wu Haijun Li Zenghua

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