Deep | Perspective extreme high temperature!Why is it so fierce?

Since mid -June this year, high temperature weather has swept the world and my country. my country has gradually eased from high temperature on August 24, and is expected to end at high temperatures on the 31st. Looking back at this round of high temperature, why is it so fierce? What impact has it so far? What inspiration does we have? The China Meteorological News launched a special plan for "perspective extreme high temperature" to comprehensively analyze the high temperature process.

Look at the situation: Witness the strongest temperature since 1961

On August 23, the long -lasting high -temperature encirclement circle finally gradually narrowed and the intensity gradually weakened. The Central Meteorological Observatory predicts that on August 31, the high -temperature weather process of high -intensity "ultra -long standby" in the south will end.

Standing before the end, reviewing the high -temperature weather process starting from mid -June, the large -scale heat waves gradually became a pioneering momentum, a wide range of one, one more than one. On August 12, the Central Meteorological Observatory issued the first high -temperature red warning this year. Since then, high temperatures have entered the "last crazy". With the most high -temperature name since 1961, there is no doubt that we are witnessing history.

Witness history: In the name of the strongest high temperature

On August 17, the monitoring and evaluation of the National Climate Center showed that the comprehensive intensity of the regional high -temperature incident that has began to the present since June 13 this year has reached the strongest meteorological observation record in 1961. From June 13th to August 28th, the national and provinces issued a total of 7,555 high-temperature red warnings, which was 18.8 times last year, an increase of 11.6 times from the same period (2017-2021). The provincial-level high-temperature red warning was compared The average value of the same period (2017-2021) increased by 4.9 times. Chen Yan, chief and senior engineer of the climate service room of the center, said that the process of this process was early, long, long, wide, strong, and extremely extreme.

The distribution of high temperature days in the country (June 1-August 15)

How strong this time is, many people have experienced too much experience and have seen too many amazing data. But there are still some characteristics, which is particularly noticeable.

First of all, the high temperature is wide and extreme. Looking for a clean place for summer, it is becoming more and more difficult, and high -temperature heat waves have affected most of China. As of August 28, high temperatures above 40 ° C in 23 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) nationwide, and the highest temperature of 366 national meteorological stations was flat or broke through the historical pole value. Turpan, which has long monopolized in my country, has also challenged the top of Xinjiang Turpan at the top of China's extreme high temperature rankings -the high temperature at 45 ° C in the region outside Turpan.

Secondly, if you want to find a bit of coolness in the "morning and one night", it gradually becomes extravagant. High temperature has become a "model worker" that is endless day and night, showing the characteristics of "white+black" composite high temperature. In Shapingba, Chongqing, the minimum temperature measured on the morning of August 19 was 34.9 ° C, and only 3 minutes in 24 hours a day did not belong to the high temperature category.

Finally, when the high temperature continued for a long time, the long -term impact gradually surfaced, and the drought began to show up. Dong Xinning, a senior engineer of the Chongqing Climate Center, said that "humidity" is known for its damp heat, and "moisture" has been defeated, and in the past month, it is mainly dry heat. At 18:00 on August 18, the Central Meteorological Observatory issued the first weather drought warning of this year. In the Yangtze River Basin, the lowest water level has recorded the lowest record, and multiple reservoirs have fallen to the "dead water level". Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake "datches" in advance; in Shanghai in the lower reaches, rare summer salty tide appeared in the Yangtze River. And more chain reactions brought by high temperature and drought -power consumption demand, surge in electricity, hydropower capacity, and block agricultural production are getting deeper and deeper affecting our lives.

On August 25, 2022, Jiangxi Provincial National Station and Regional Station temperature at 15:00

Of course, it is far more than our country to withstand high temperature "baking". Instead, the entire northern hemisphere -different countries, different cities, and different climate types are "struggling" at high temperatures.

The British, which claims to have the "coolest summer" on the earth, measured at a high temperature above 40 ° C for the first time on July 19. Europe has encountered the worst century in 500 years, and high -temperature heat waves have caused raging wildfire. The Arctic Sea Ice is constantly decreasing, and the melting of Greenland ice cover is almost "irreversible". A large number of fires and insects appeared in northern North American coniferous forest belts. Even the cold Arctic Circle could not escape the impact of high temperatures, and the temperature once soared to 32.5 ° C.

What is high temperature: high -pressure "stove" heating more

What is the reason for this high -temperature heat wave that is destined to be carried into the historical book? Zhou Bing, chief expert of the National Climate Center Climate Services, believes that there are three levels of extreme high temperature causes, which jointly created a "stove" that is constantly heating and baking the entire northern hemisphere: the atmospheric circulation is abnormal to create the basic conditions of high temperature, allowing the high pressure of the entire northern hemisphere to the entire northern hemisphere Liancheng integration has become a direct "firepower" that is constantly heating on the surface; the "La Nina" incident has helped, and the high pressure is getting stronger and stronger, and "fuel" is continuously transported to the stove to make the high temperature "more upper level"; the global warming worldwide; global warming The influence is more fatal and long -lasting -it is equivalent to "fan wind" by the stove, the wind helps the fire, making the fire getting more and more prosperous.

The abnormal atmospheric circulation is that the circulation situation of the atmosphere in different seasons, the circulation situation of regional space and the deviation of the perennial climate average exceeding the threshold. This summer, the atmospheric circulation system in the northern hemisphere appeared obviously, showing a consistent heating high -voltage circulation system control state. This kind of heating high pressure is a direct source of high temperature. Under the influence of the heating and high pressure system, the thermal air is stranded near the ground. In other words, the northern hemisphere this summer, the Western Pacific subtropical high -pressure, the Atlantic subtropical high -pressure, and the high pressure of Iran's high -voltage average enhancement, forming a large -scale overall global heating high -pressure zone. The high temperatures of the previous battle have formed a "unified front", allowing residents of the northern hemisphere to make the northern hemisphere residents Almost nothing. At the same time, the long -lasting "La Nina" climate incident played a role in helping the atmospheric circulation. The "La Nina" incident means that the seawater in the central and eastern Pacific becomes cold. It causes a series of chain reactions: first leads to the enhancement of the circular circulation of the tropical latitudes, thereby causing the gear effect of the secondary circulation of the latitude ring, and further enhanced the subtropical high pressure. Since this spring, the "La Nina" incident has not been weakened, but has continued to strengthen. During this, the sea temperature in the Indian Ocean has also appeared abnormal, and the two have promoted the continuous enhancement of the subtropical high pressure together.

Following the reasons to deepen, the global warming will be found everywhere. This lasting "high fever" has numerous climate abnormal factors behind it, and the emergence of all abnormal factors is inseparable from global warming. In this high temperature in the northern hemisphere, it plays a role in heating and enlarged and modulation.

One warning: controlling global warming is urgent

Today, the high temperature that lasted more than two months finally reached the "End Road". Chen Tao, chief forecast at the Central Meteorological Observatory, said that at the end of August, high temperature weather in most parts of my country will be relieved.

But the end of high temperature does not mean that people can relax their vigilance -in fact, it is more like a warning, and a serious warning of high temperature and drought in the future of more frequent and extreme high temperatures.

This judgment is based on scientific judgment of global warming. In 2021, the Intergovernmental Climate Change Special Committee (IPCC) proposed in the first working group report of the sixth evaluation report that global warming further increased the possibility of extreme high temperature, precipitation, drought, and tropical cyclone, especially in particular, especially in The heat waves and drought incidents are likely to happen or even occur at the same time, resulting in the opportunity to recover or breathe between the two extreme weather incidents. The report pointed out that since the 1950s, human influence may increase the probability of incidents of compound extreme weather incidents.

This year, high temperature and drought followed, to a certain extent verified IPCC's assertion. We can clearly see that the impact of global warming is moving from "behind the scenes" to the "front desk". Earlier, the indirect impact of those slow and ordinary public was gradually transforming into a more direct and violent form -more extreme weather and climate.

"Our climate is our future, and our future is in our hands." IPCC emphasized in the second and third working group reports released by this year that the key to whether global warming can turn the tide is the "cliff" before the climate critical point. The key is in recent years. Copy climate change, carry out deep emission reduction of greenhouse gas in the industry, and reached an important point of urgent engraving.

See the impact response: high temperature "bake" to test an important proposition of social governance

It is difficult to make it clear, which critical value, high temperature will defeat people. It is not as turbulent as heavy rain, tornado, and typhoon, nor is it gradually showing harm in the long years like air pollution. Some people say that high temperature is a "slow knife", but its damage is immediate, or even life -threatening.

This midsummer, on the forecast map of the national high -temperature landing area, the bright red "wound" lasted for more than two months; at the perspective of Fengyun Meteorological Satellite, Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake were "shrinking" nearly 70%in the past month. People are frightened, and the black bears and monkeys in the zoo can only lick the ice to eliminate the heat.

In August 2022 Poyang Lake's waters area and comparison chart in August 2021

At high temperatures, maintaining power supply, agriculture, and people's livelihood have become important propositions for public governance of social.

Short -term high temperature evolution into continuous heat waves

Throughout the summer of the northern hemisphere, high temperatures are not only raging in China, but also formed a "warm atmosphere" in the Asian and European continent and the American continent. Data show that the temperature in July even soared to 32.5 ° C.

In this context, the impact of high temperature is becoming profound and long.

Xu Xiaofeng, president of the China Meteorological Services Association and former deputy director of the China Meteorological Administration, believes that "high temperatures will first directly endanger human health and lead to heat stroke and fever; cardiovascular disease, hypertension and other diseases will increase."

With the "+1" of the high temperature daily, the continuous heat waves will directly threaten the economic and social systems. Such a threat can be followed in this high temperature incident.

The first is water. High temperature and low rain accelerate the loss of soil water. Many water levels in the Yangtze River Basin set a record low since the record, and the "flood period of the flood season" appeared. The large beach of the Jialing River was exposed to the water, and the river bed of Dongting Lake became a grassland, and a large number of fish were trapped and died.

The second is electricity. Not only is electricity, but also a problem. The lack of water in the entire river basin in the Yangtze River has greatly reduced the daily power generation of water and electricity, and has to limit electricity in many places. Sichuan, Jiangsu, and Hubei provinces have exceeded 60 days of power load meteorological conditions than the same period of history. The third is food. Farmland water becomes tense, which is not conducive to the season of rice flower pollination and grouting, corn pumping puffing silk, night rice returning to blue, cotton blooming bells, autumn grains, tea, fruits and other economic crops are affected to varying degrees.

It can be said that under the context of continuous high temperature, while climate changes, my country's environment, economic and social production are suffering from different degrees.

Meteorological pioneer promotes joint defense linkage

The pioneering positioning of the meteorological department reflects the point of the first perception of high temperature signals. The emergence of extreme climate is difficult to change, but early warning and scientific response itself are a "cool" strategy. Throughout July, a total of 68,000 early warning information was issued across the country. Among them, the number of high -temperature red warnings this year has increased the largest, reaching 753%year -on -year.

In this high -temperature incident, on the one hand, the meteorological department relying on the precision monitoring of professional technology to predict the high temperature trend, and use artificially affect the weather operation to fight high temperature and drought conditions; Serve.

At the beginning of the high temperature, the meteorological department is based on the ground -to -sky integrated monitoring network composed of radar, satellites, and automatic meteorological stations. Smart and big data such as scientifically predicting high temperature development trends in various places in the future, providing decision -making basis for governments at all levels and relevant departments to respond to various tasks.

From August 12, the strongest period of high temperature entered the strongest period, and the Central Meteorological Observatory issued a 12 -day high -temperature red warning. In order to ensure the safety of drinking water in the dry area and ensuring the irrigation water for autumn grain crops and the power generation water of the reservoir and power stations, from August 17, the China Meteorological Administration has successively allocated high -performance aircraft to help Hubei, Chongqing, Henan, Sichuan and other places to capture the time to increase rainfall. Remove Gan Lin.

More breakthroughs lies in the high temperature of the meteorological department in the field and level of high temperature.

For the first time, the China Meteorological Administration and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Ministry jointly issued a season of high -temperature heat risk early warning and agricultural drought risk early warning; the high forest fire risk red warning was jointly issued with the emergency management department and the State Forestry and Grassland Bureau. The Jiangsu Meteorological Department and the traffic police department issued the nation's first provincial high -temperature forecast; Hubei Meteorological and Health and Health Department issued the first health and healthy weather risk warning of the health and health; The department produces and releases high -temperature weather sub -sections of traffic travel to affect forecast ...

Meteorological services spread throughout all corners of social governance

From energy insurance to alleviating agricultural drought, from the normal operation of various functions of the city, to preventing forest fires and traffic accidents, in the face of high temperatures, all areas and industries in the society need to be actively responded. Open the "news tree".

In Sichuan, the power shortage caused by the continuous high temperature continues. In the lobby of the Sichuan Electric Power Scheduling Control Center, the scheduling staff on duty and the chief forecast at the Provincial Meteorological Service Center jointly office to jointly participate in the development trend of command scheduling and analysis of extreme high -temperature weather, and provide decision -making basis for predictive electricity load and hydropower capacity.

In order to do a good job of energy insurance supply and strengthen the management of electricity scheduling, the Office of the Energy Insurance Supply Work Leadership Group of Anhui Province set up a special class of electricity to welcome the peak summer work. Meteorological liaison group, meteorological service group. In the process, Anhui Power Meteorological Services played a very critical role in supporting the scientific deployment of power load and accurate prediction of load.

Pour "a scoop water" and harvest the "one scoop food" in the autumn. In the face of the influence of continuous high temperature weather on the upcoming autumn grains, recently, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Ministry issued an emergency notice to strengthen the deployment, and sent 25 provincial bags to contact the work group and 12 technology teams to go to the autumn grain key provinces and affected by high temperature and drought affected by high temperature droughts. In key areas, guide key measures are implemented. Under the high temperature warning, Anhui, Sichuan and other places have held a bumper harvest in agricultural drought resistance. Chongqing, Hubei and other places have successively issued emergency notifications to do everything possible to resist drought and seedlings.

In Hunan, the agricultural and rural departments comprehensively strengthen the water conservancy projects such as reservoirs and lakes in accordance with meteorological forecasting. Before the end of July, various types of water conservancy projects in the province are sufficient. Chongqing's agricultural and rural departments and meteorological departments have established monitoring and early warning, technical guidance, emergency response, and integrated work mechanism for dispatching with water. At the same time, the analysis of disaster trends is strengthened. Early discovery of signs and trends, and guiding agricultural production and operation subjects to scientific drought and disaster prevention.

Preventing forest fires is the most important to prevent "burning". The Anhui Forestry Bureau strengthens the management responsibilities of forestry and forest guards at all levels and forest guards, and comprehensively strengthen the prevention of forest fire prevention. The Sichuan Forest Prairie Fire Fire Fire Headquarters urgently issued a notice, requiring continuously strengthening rolling research and judgment, short -term predictions and early warning, and timely issuing early warning forecast information to do a good job of implementation of forest grassland prevention and fire and fire responsibility, source control, and emergency preparation.

In many places, we have also strengthened health prompts and condolences. Leaders of Hunan, Chongqing, Sichuan and other places went deep into the grassroots level to visit the front -line workers of high temperatures. The Meteorological Department and the Health Commission issued a health reminder in a timely manner. Affected by high temperatures, some schools in Chongqing, Sichuan and other places have adjusted the start time and extended the school.

The good news is that with the cold air south, from August 24, rainfall in the south has increased significantly, and the high -temperature heat waves in the south have gradually faded.

Autumn may really come.

The China Meteorological Administration's Xuanke Center (China Meteorological News) produced by

Author: Liu Zhao, Wu Hui Wang Liang Gu Xingyue Liberal Arts Liu Qian Li Yue

Edit: Pavilion

Review: Ye Haiying

- END -