Opportunities, challenges and path selection of county development

Editor

The county seat is an important part of my country's urban system. It is a key support for urban and rural integration and development. It is of great significance to promote the construction of new types of urbanization and build a new type of industrial, farmers, and urban and rural areas. In October 2020, the Proposal of the Central Committee of the 19th Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee of the CPC's Central Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Fourteenth Five -Year Plan for the Development of the National Economic and Social Development and the 2013 Fast Visual Objectives "should be proposed to promote the county seat Urbanization of important carriers. In May of this year, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council officially issued the "Opinions on Promoting Urbanization Construction with County Town as an important carrier" (hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions"), and proposed that the urbanization construction with the county seat as an important carrier by 2025 Getting important progress. In July, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the "Fourteen Five -Year Plan" New Urbanization Implementation Plan ", which required high -quality to complete the demonstration tasks of 120 county construction demonstration areas. Since then, the urbanization construction with county seats as an important carrier has entered a rapid progress stage. Facing the huge differences in geographical scope, population scale, level of development, and resource endowment, the important task of completing the construction of county seat construction undoubtedly tests the wisdom and ability of departments in various places, and also attracts the attention and attention of young scholars. To this end, several young economists in this edition organized discussions around this theme and invited experts to comment.

Talker

Jintian Forest China Macroeconomic Research Institute Assistant Researcher of Land Development and Regional Economic Research Institute

Yan Qiangming Peking University School of Economics and School of Economics

Wang Guijun University of Humanities and Social Sciences at the School of Humanities and Social Sciences of Beijing Institute of Technology

host

Reporter Chen Heng

1. Promote the background and significance of urbanization with county seats as an important carrier

Moderator: At present, the urbanization rate of the permanent population in my country has reached 64.72%. Does the "Opinions" introduced this time that the county has become the focus of urbanization?

Jintian Forest: county and county, the world is safe. The county has been an important cornerstone of national security and development since ancient times. As an important part of my country's urban system, the county town plays the role of the "tail of the city". Promoting urbanization with county seats as an important carrier can effectively promote the integration and development of urban and rural areas, and promote the establishment of urban and rural regional development systems that show their advantages and coordinate and link. The promulgation of this "Opinions" means that the important role of county town in the top -level design is clear about the promotion of urbanization. It is expected to significantly strengthen the policy connection of new urbanization and rural revitalization. The coordinated development of small and medium -sized cities must not only play the effects of the agglomeration of large cities, but also pay attention to the huge potential of small and medium -sized cities, especially the county seat in agricultural transfer of population citizenship.

Wang Guijun: I think that the introduction of the "Opinions" is to emphasize the coordinated development between big cities and counties, and actively build a benign urban urban agglomeration of the benign development of the interconnection of big cities and counties. It is necessary to continue to maintain a good momentum of high -quality development in large cities, but also ensure the sustainable development of the county, and to achieve the optimization of the economic division of labor, economic efficiency and space in urban agglomeration.

Moderator: The construction of the county seat and the revitalization of the country need to retain industry and talents. Is there contradictions between the two? How to understand the "new type of workers, peasants, urban and rural relations" proposed by "Opinions"?

Jintian Forest: The county town is close to the rural geographical and popular blind date. The county seat is a "transit station" where various elements of rural elements gather and transfer. The countryside is the service target and broad market of the local industry of the county. sex. The county seat must be developed, and the countryside must be revitalized. Of course, I hope to retain key elements such as industries and talents, but this does not mean that you must "fight for me", but should "strengthen the work of supplementing agriculture and the city to bring the countryside. Promote the formation of new types of workers, peasants and urban and rural and rural areas that promote mutual promotion, urban and rural complementary, coordinated development, and common prosperity, and realize the development of county towns and rural revitalization.

Yan Qiangming: With reference to the experience of developed economies, when urbanization has reached the apex, the economy often has a process of configuration to the suburbs. I understand that in the process of "new industrial and farmers' urban and rural relations", in the process, the urban economy and urban industrial development will gradually nurture the township economy, realize the transfer of resources from cities to towns and rural areas, thereby further narrowing urban and rural economic differences, realizing urban and rural integration develop.

Wang Guijun: In fact, the main contradiction of the development of the county is not the struggle between the resources of the county and the countryside, but the mismatch between the resources between the county and the big city. At this stage, my country's urban and rural integration and development have achieved significant results. It is difficult to distinguish between rural and county living differences in some areas. Farmers have become a common phenomenon in buying houses to buy houses. Therefore, the development of the county town not only does not have contradictions with the revitalization of the countryside, but also further drives rural revitalization around the county.

2. Promote the development path and challenge of urbanization with county seats as an important carrier

Moderator: Among the 2843 county -level administrative units in my country, there are both economic and economic counties with a GDP of 100 billion yuan and a weak economic county that mainly depends on fiscal transfer. How do you think of this phenomenon? Does different counties have the same opportunity and development path when advancing urbanization construction?

Wang Guijun: I think this phenomenon should be understood from two levels. One is the development gap between large areas, such as the development gap between the western and eastern coastal areas; The gap between the counties in the city. Although the development gap between large areas has historical factors, the essential reason is still the difference between the endowment and geographical location of the factor. Therefore, this gap is a common phenomenon of a large economy. The deep cause of the development gap between communities is likely to be because the development of the county has no accurate positioning, and the opportunity for development is missed. Kim Tianlin: Although this development gap is essentially the result of the free flow of resource elements, we must also play the role of the government's planning and guidance to prevent the appearance of the "weak county weaker". Function, plan the development path of the characteristic transformation of "weak counties". To put it simply, different counties should choose the development path of reflecting characteristics, exerting advantages, and inspiring potential according to their own conditions. For example, counties around large cities can make full use of geographical access to the uncle's non -core function transfer to achieve the same urbanization as big cities in large cities. Development; county towns in the main producing area of ​​agricultural products, have a good population and good agricultural foundation. They should vigorously tap the potential of agricultural transfer of citizenship, gather two or tertiary industries, extend the leading agricultural product industry chain, and strengthen the agricultural product processing industry and agricultural productivity The service industry realizes "from farmers and work, and work from work"; county towns in key ecological function areas can actively explore the value realization mechanism of ecological product value under the premise of strictly protecting the ecological environment and develop a suitable ecological environment -friendly industry.

Yan Qiangming: "Opinions" positioned the development of future counties into five categories: counties around large cities, professional functional counties, county -producing district counties, county towns in key ecological functional areas, and county -mortar counties. From the perspective of urban -rural integration development, I think there may be three development paths in the future: First, the relationship between urban, county, and townships may be closely unified in the development of urban communities in the urban circle, so the development of counties can be used as part of the development of the industrial development of large cities. For example, Counties such as Gu'an, Jiangsu Kunshan, Jiangsu are the representatives of such development models. The service function ofization; the third is a county that is far away from the radiation range of large cities and can only be developed by its own advantages. Their development must attach importance to the forward -looking and specialty of the industrial layout, and focus on becoming a big advantageous industry.

Moderator: "Opinions" specifically proposed the "population loss county" problem. How can such counties achieve transformation and development?

Yan Qiangming: According to the literature I sorted out, the consensus of the current academic community is that the proportion of the county ’s county’ s county ’s county is not high, but its distribution is wide and the reasons for formation are different. Some counties are attracted by the surrounding central cities, leading to their own human resources outflow; some are because of the lagging industrial development, such as traditional resource -based counties and old industrial base counties. Economic development is slow, and employment opportunities are lacking, thus the outflow of population. I think that the county seats that are attracted to the central cities nearby, but their own development still have strong potential, from the perspective of integrating urban and rural areas, coordinate and coordinate the resources and industrial layouts of cities and counties, form a steady state of the county and urban population. ; For those counties where the trend of population loss is difficult to reverse should first prevent the blind expansion of the county, put limited resources priority to solve the problem of people's livelihood, and prevent the trend of population loss. In terms of development, the stable transition of economic development has been gradually achieved.

Wang Guijun: I think the development of the county's county's county should "walk two legs", that is, the population supply, attracting talent policies and the measures to conform to the loss of population at the same time. On the one hand, the county government should introduce population supply and attracting talent policies as soon as possible under the leadership of the central government, including improving the social security system, improving the medical system, and accelerating the equalization of education. Economic transformation, such as the advantageous industries based on the development characteristics of the county's resource endowment, avoid blind infrastructure to improve investment efficiency, and actively embed the industrial cluster of large cities.

Moderator: There is a concept of urban economics called "siphon effect", which means that the development of large cities often absorb the talents and resources of surrounding cities and towns, which is not conducive to the development of surrounding cities and towns. How to avoid this "siphon effect" in the development of county seats?

Yan Qiangming: From an economic point of view, the "siphon effect" is essentially a process of resource re -allocation. I have always believed that the existence of the "siphon effect" should be faced, because there will always be a better -developed central city in each area. Policy -oriented should be positioned as the positive effect of both the "siphon effect" and try to avoid adverse effects. Data show that more than 50%of my country's top 100 economic counties are located around large cities, indicating that while attracting the talents and resources of surrounding cities and towns, large cities have also produced a significant nuclear effect on surrounding cities. To eliminate the negative impact of "siphon effects", I think that first of all, the government should be unified and coordinated with the industrial development planning of central cities and surrounding counties to achieve regional industrial development integration; secondly, focusing on improving the county's business environment and continuously promoting the basic public public in cities and counties. The service is equal.

Kim Tianlin: I think the fundamental reason for the "siphon effect" is that there is no new urbanization system that has not established a coordinated development of large, medium and small cities. Avoid the "siphon effect", one is to adhere to the overall idea of ​​relying on urban agglomerations and urban areas to promote the coordinated development of large and medium -sized cities, especially the "one big and small" development of the large cities and counties; The counties within the urban agglomeration and the urban circle combine their own characteristics to find the functional positioning, and actively undertake the relief and transfer of the population, industry, and functions of the central city to accelerate the development of the neighboring cities. Strong weaknesses, enhance the ability to undertake element resources, and ensure that the population, industry, and functions "come, leave, and develop." 3. How to attract young people's participation in the construction of the county seat

Moderator: For many college students from county or villages to first -tier cities, they will always face the trouble of staying in large cities or returning to small counties. On the one hand, the cost of buying a house in the county is lower and closer to home; on the other hand, it is limited to the limited industrial structure of the county seat, and it is difficult to find matched jobs. How to crack this problem?

Kim Tianlin: Attracting young people to return to the county seat, the most important thing is to allow young people to "choose from business" in the county seat. The development of characteristic industries and expanding employment is the fundamental measure to solve this problem. The development of characteristic industries should focus on the professional functional positioning of the county seat, and aim at a subdivided traveler's deep cultivation to drive the development of the county. For example, in recent years, Cao County, Shandong has rely on the development of the Hanfu industry to achieve rapid development. The county seat can make full use of new technologies to create new formats and new models, create more positions suitable for young people, so that young people with technology, ideas, and vigorously can truly regard the county seat as a stage for entrepreneurship.

Yan Qiangming: I agree with this view. Indeed, the direct reason for the lack of appeal to young people is the relatively backward industrial development, the county's market capacity and economic resources are limited. If you want to attract more young people, you should first focus on the priority of limited resources to the advantageous industries, make bigger and stronger local advantage industries, form a scale advantage of industrial development in a specific area, and realize the attraction of young people in specific employment directions. Secondly, further enhance the digital infrastructure and traditional infrastructure levels of the county seat, and "graft" the market through emerging digital technology or more powerful infrastructure to a wider "network space" or regional market. For example, young people in the county seat can become a freelance worker of "remote work" through digital networks, so that local companies can also rely on the industrial development of surrounding cities to obtain opportunities, thereby broadening the employment space of young people in the county.

Moderator: Another important reason to prevent young people from returning home is the more backward public services and living environment of the county seat, including relatively scarce education and medical resources, a more traditional cultural atmosphere and entertainment life. In these respects, how should the county seat be improved to attract more young people?

Wang Guijun: According to my own experience, I believe that attracting young people, especially college students, to return to their hometowns, and fully cater to the basic needs, lifestyle and hobbies of contemporary young people. From the perspective of basic needs, the proportion of housing, children's education, medical security and employment satisfaction may account for a greater proportion, which will also affect whether young people choose to return to their hometowns to work and start a business. Therefore, improvement of living conditions and improvement of living facilities, improving education levels and narrowing the gap with education resources in large cities, improving the medical and health and social security system, realizing industrial transformation to increase employment and entrepreneurship opportunities, etc. first choice. From the perspective of lifestyle, improving the life service facilities in the county is the focus of attracting young people to return to their hometown employment and entrepreneurship. On the one hand, improve the level of digital infrastructure, improve the network of platforms such as online shopping, takeaway, etc., and realize the intellectual transformation of the number of residents of the county residents; on the other hand, open up the channels outside the county and improve the level of interconnection between the county and the nearby large cities. The county seat should focus on the hobbies of young people's amateur life, and accelerate the upgrading and improvement of shopping malls, entertainment facilities, and rural tourist attractions.

Yan Qiangming: A survey shows that the most important reason for young people in the town to stay in their hometown is "family and friends are locally locally", which shows that the young people choose to live in social life very much. Therefore, the "quality of life" in the county may be more likely to attract young people than "employment", which needs to start with shortcomings and improve services. The first is to improve the hardware environment of the public service, effectively solve the "pain point" problem of young people, and make up the shortcomings of the development of the county town to the attractiveness of the life of young people. "Super quality" services attract young talents to return to their hometown.

Moderator: With the booming digital economy, Internet platforms such as e -commerce and short videos have narrowed the gap between the county and big cities to a certain extent. How to think of the impact of the digital economy on the development of the county seat, can the county seat attract young talents with the help of the digital economy?

Jintian Forest: The digital economy will promote the promotion effect on the urbanization of the county. The rapid development of the digital economy brings new opportunities for the urban industry upgrade, which not only injects new elements such as digitalization, networking, and intelligence into the county industry, but also enables the county industry to rely on efficient digital networks Essence Digital technology can not only improve the resource allocation and production efficiency of traditional industries in the county, but also optimize the spatial layout of the development of the urban and rural industry. Relying on digital technology, the "Yuan Universe" is becoming a new element of the current economic development. Digital products from production to consumption have completely got rid of time and space restraint. In the "Yuan Universe", digital products in large cities can be completely consumed and enjoyed by county residents. This has effectively alleviated the mismatch between the county and the big cities, and enhanced the radiation overflow effect of the big cities towards the county. In this way, the digital economy provides new development opportunities for the development of the county, so the county can rely on the digital economy to achieve the purpose of attracting young people. Yan Qiangming: The development of the digital economy will help the information between the information between the county and the city of youth and the urban youth. Young people in the county seat can improve their knowledge and skills through online courses, online live broadcasts, and absorb massive information through rich and diverse websites and self -media, and to a certain extent reduce the differences in educational resources and information resources. In addition, due to the local market capacity, the development of the county industry (especially agricultural products) has always been difficult to form a large -scale advantage. At present, it has benefited from the development of the digital economy. Many young people return to the county to start a business. Sales products for network forms. Of course, it is necessary to see that due to the lack of digital infrastructure in the county seat, the role of the digital economy has not been fully exerted. In the future, it should pay attention to further strengthening the construction of digital infrastructure in the county, innovative county circulation service system, and improvement of county digital governance levels.

4. Promote the policy guarantee of urbanization with county seats as an important carrier

Moderator: Promoting the urbanization construction with county seats as an important carrier is a complex systematic project. In the face of the differences in resource endowment in different counties, is there a unified standard and focus point in specific advancement?

Yan Qiangming: According to the spirit of the "Opinions", although there are differences in the resource endowment and development stage of different counties, there is still the principle of commonality in the process of promoting the development of different counties. First, scientifically grasp functional positioning, and adhere to the classification of county town development. That is, based on the carrying capacity, location conditions, industrial foundation, and functional positioning of all counties, find the development positioning of different counties to avoid repeated construction. The second is to adhere to the tone of urban and rural integration and development. Pay attention to improving the radiation capabilities of the county's development of rural development, promote the coordination of county and rural infrastructure and public services, and replenish agriculture, bring townships with towns, and realize the integration and development of county, townships, and villages. The third is to adhere to the people -based new urbanization requirements. It should not only pay attention to solving the diversified needs of farmers in urban life and the equalization of public services in the peasant group. It is also necessary to comply with the law of the flow of population in the county, prepare the challenges of the aging of the population in advance, promote the medical system and the pension guarantee system, etc. The reform of the service system effectively improves the quality of life of residents.

Jintianlin: These common principles must be "strong constraints" that must be observed, but in specific advancement, the constraints and policy spaces of different counties should be considered. Implementation plan finds the urbanization path that is in line with the actual region.

Moderator: The county's public facilities have a wide range of public facilities and huge funding demand for funds, but the county -level level is generally insufficient.

Yan Qiangming: Improving the county -level fiscal capacity. I think that first of all, it should innovate the development system and mechanism of the integration of urban and rural areas to promote the integration and common development of urban and rural areas in planning layout, infrastructure, and public services. Establish and improve the mechanism of supporting the planning of fiscal transfer payment and urban construction land with urban construction land with the development of cities and counties in the province; followed by establishing a diversified and sustainable investment and financing mechanism to accelerate the realization of traditional financing models invested by fiscal to a diversified financing model In the change, we strive to attract more social capital investment in the field of "complementing shortcomings and weaknesses" in the county seat, and achieve a win -win situation for government and social capital. There is also the construction of unified planning and scientific and reasonable layout of county public facilities. The county public facilities should start with the most important projects and the most urgent needs of people's livelihood needs to gradually improve.

Wang Guijun: The county -level finance must not only use the "blood transfusion" of the superior government, but also strengthen his ability to "make hematopoiesce". While the superior government can use direct fiscal support, the orderly guidance of the key profit industries can be used in an orderly manner to use indirect support policies such as tax reduction and fee reduction, leaving tax refund, etc., and actively "blood transfusion" of county -level finance. The county government should also make full preparations for accepting the new industry, and simplifying the land supply and industrial and commercial approval, create a good ecosystem for the development of the enterprise, and achieve financial rescue through its own "hematopoietic".

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