"Learn the History of the Party" Luo Pinghan: The information revealed by the Red Army Long March Diary

Luo Pinghan: The information disclosed in the Red Army Long March Diary

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The Long March is a magnificent page in the Chinese revolutionary history. In an extremely difficult environment, some of the Red Army soldiers insisted on writing diaries in the gap of the battle, and truly recorded major events, important battles, marching routes, political work and mass work on the way of the Long March. Become a historical testimony of the great Long March spirit. These diaries are also important historical documents to study the Long March. The diary of Xiao Feng, the chief secretary of the Thirteenth Division of the Red Five Army, Xiao Feng, the head of the Thirteenth Division of the Red Five Army, Xiao Feng, the first regiment of the Third Division of the Red One Army.

Reduce staff and "expansion": two situations in the early stage of the Long March

When the Central Red Army started the Long March from the base area, the total strength was more than 80,000. Among them, 19,880 people in the Red One Army, 17,805 Red Three Army, 12,168 Red Five Army, 10,922 Red Eighth Corps, 11,538 Red Nine Army, 4,893 of the Military Commission (that is, Red Star Column), and the Central Column (that is, the Red Chapter Column) 9583 People, a total of 86,789 people. (According to the Based on the Statistical Form of the Chinese Revolutionary Military Commission "The Statistics of the Field Army Weapons and Ammunition Supply", on October 8, 1934) For this number, there is no different opinion in the academic circles, but many writings about the Long March talk about the loss of the battle of the Xiangjiang Battle of the Central Red Army. At that time, it basically expressed this: "After crossing the Xiangjiang River, the Central Red Army and the central government officials were sharply reduced from 86,000 people at the time of the Long March." The most intense and fierce battle since the Long March. Although the majority of the Red Army finger fought, because of the wrong command of the "Left" leader, the Red Army paid a very heavy price. There are more than 10,000 people. "Such a expression gives people a feeling that the loss of more than 50,000 people in the Central Red Army is basically caused by the Battle of the Xiangjiang River.

In fact, before the battle of Xiangjiang, the Central Red Army had a large reduction. In recent years, after research by party history researchers, the Central Red Army has reduced 22,000 people when breaking through the top three of the enemy. The specific reduction situation is: Breaking the first blockade of the first blockade line 3,700, breaking the second minus 9,700, and the third reduction of 8,600. (Shi Zhongquan's "Long March", the 2006 edition of the History of the Communist Party of China) The Red Army of the Xiangjiang Battle lost more than 30,000 people, especially the Red Five, Eighth, and Nine Army's losses, and the Red Eighth Corps was reduced from 10,922 people at the time of departure. To more than 1,000 people, the Red -Nine Army was reduced from 11,538 to more than 3,000, and the Red Five Army lost a division. The main Red Third Army was more than 4,000 casualties, and the Red One Corps lost small losses. The loss of the Battle of the Xiangjiang River, coupled with the reduction of the first three blockade lines. At this point, the Central Red Army reduced more than 50,000 people, and there were still more than 30,000 people.

The Long March reduction division of fighting casualties and minusing and non -combat membership. The combat reduction was mainly caused by the battle of the Xiangjiang River. It is not necessary to avoid taboos that due to the harsh struggle environment, some cadre soldiers left the Red Army because they lost confidence in the revolutionary future, so a considerable part of the troops reduced their officers. When the Central Red Army blocked the money, it was basically smooth, and the injuries were not very large. The party history expert Shi Zhongquan wrote in his book "Long March": "Chiang Kai -shek's first so -called 'steel blockade line" set up by the Central Red Army to leave the Jiangxi Soviet area. Battle, all breakout in four days. Chiang Kai -shek ordered the Guangdong Army and the Hunan Army to set up the second blockade line between Rucheng, Renhua, and Lechang (still belongs to the Dalingling area) in Hunan, Guangdong. The Central Red Army made all breakthroughs from November 1st to 8th. Without fierce battles, they entered the northern and northern Hunan and northern Hunan. In order to block the Red Army from the south of Hunan to the west of Hunan, Chiang Kai -shek made the Guangdong and Hunan Army in the Xiangjin realm along the Guangdong -Han Dynasty. Between the county -Yizhang, there is a third blockade line. The Central Red Army has not fought any big battles, from November 8th to 15th. "Since the first three blockade lines have not fought on the first three blocks, they can not fight. There are more than 20,000 people in the army. Among them, in addition to some of them belong to the combat reduction, some are caused by the KMT aircraft bombardment of injuries and the disability. The central teacher who undertakes large moving materials, "The thoughts of the troops were more chaotic since the beginning, and there were all kinds of doubts and rumors. The escape phenomenon happened every day, increasing the difficulty of the army's march." ("The Historical Materials of the Red Army Long March", the PLA Press 1990 edition) and "In the past one month, the instructor has not participated in any big battles. There are many. The division was formed by the independent groups and guerrillas of various counties and guerrillas at the end of August 1934. The leaders of the China Revolutionary Military Commission were directly under the jurisdiction of 3 regiments, about 6,000 people. This means that the Long March is only one month.

Regarding the situation of non -combat reduction in the early stage of the Long March, Xiao Feng and Chen Bojun have recorded a lot. Xiao Feng said in his diary on November 8, 1934: "The warrior reported that the commander of Peng Ying was gone. He was a Yiyang in the south of Hunan, and the native concept was heavy. According to the analysis, he went home. Give me 3,000 yuan in the Soviet area in the evening. I thought he had paid the party fee and did not expect him to go home. Blame me too vigilant and failed to save him. "(Xiao Feng's" Long March Diary ", Shanghai People's Publishing House 2006 New Year's Day) Diary on November 16: "Five recruits all the way to open a small difference. The machine guns expanded eight reds, and four were lost." And there are many records in Chen Bojun's diary, such as on October 20, 1934 The diary said: "The night because the Organization of the river is still not very tight and the order is chaotic, so the 37th regiment is still a lot of them. These days, the small divisions of the small divisions are 33, which is an extremely serious problem." ("Chen Bojun's Diary (1933 ~ 1937), Shanghai People's Publishing House 1987 edition) On October 31," The phenomenon of escaping these days is the most serious, and thirty or forty. "On November 5th, the diary said: "Recently, there are too many outdated personnel. Some who have really lost contact, and some who have lost their queues, are not enough, and are really obstacles to my march plan." It was recorded on November 6: "Yesterday, the phenomenon of fleeing of various departments was extremely serious, especially the first. There were two dragging guns in the thirty -eight regiment. Last night, Comrade Chen Yun was responsible for checking it. It was believed that this phenomenon was mainly: first, the political mobilization was not enough; second, the counter -revolutionary struggle was not in -depth, and the special commissioner worked for work. And the leadership of the political organs' anti -work work is poor; third, the company's branches are not complete. "On November 11th," (37th) Li Fachang's political shake , Decide to dismiss the arrest and send the defense bureau. "

It can be seen that in the early days of the Central Red Army Long March, non -combat minus members such as small differences and fleeing all the way accounted for a certain proportion. For such problems, the writings of the history of the Long March are rarely mentioned. In fact, this is the truth of history. As Xiao Feng's diary said: "Workers and peasants come to be a soldier, they are holding their heads to engage in revolution." When the revolutionary climax, it is not difficult to join the revolutionary team. The test is also reasonable. The Red Army soldiers are mostly farmers who have just left farm tools. Farmers have a very heavy concept of townships. After the Red Army Long March leaves the base, it means far away from home. It is difficult for some people to leave the Red Army team. As a result, Xiao Feng wrote such a statement in his diary: "It's not easy to engage in revolution. Some people can't eat hard, and some people are concerned about their parents and children, and these people can't do the revolution." Always staying in the revolutionary team, the Red Army finger warriors who have finished the long journey, and those martyrs who sacrificed on the Long March, are more respected by future generations.

While reducing employees, various troops also used various ways to mobilize the workers and peasants along the way to participate in the Red Army. There are many records in Xiao Feng's diary. For example, Xiao Feng wrote in his diary in 1934: "The people of Hunan understand the situation of the Red Army more, and the local party has realized the difficulties encountered by the Red Army. Every day, the masses actively support the Red Army battle. Many workers and peasants Each of the Red Army, each has expanded the new soldiers. "In addition, according to Yang Shangkun's recollection, after the Red Third Army occupied Yizhang County," expanded four or five hundred people in the Red Army. " ("Memoirs of Yang Shangkun", Central Literature Publishing House 2001) Of course, not all troops have the task of expanding red, and not all troops can expand to red. Essence Nevertheless, the entire Central Red Army will not have too little redness along the way, so after breaking the three -way blockade of the enemy, the number of members of the Central Red Army is probably not the 22,000 people statistics from the academic community, or the Central Red Army during the Xiangjiang Campaign I am afraid that there are more than 64,000 people. Because none of these two numbers include the number of people along the way.

When the revolution encountered difficulties, there were so many hard -working people along the way to participate in the Red Army. It just shows that the Red Army is the division of justice and the team of the workers. This is also the fundamental reason why the Chinese revolution has been repeatedly settled, but the revolutionary team eventually grows. No need to say that the "most of the bitter children who did not eat or wear" along the way. ("Xiao Feng's Diary")

The "big moving" of the Long March in the early days

Due to the failure of the fifth anti -"encirclement", the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Red Army had to carry out strategic transfer, but "the executor of the wrong route transferred this strategic transfer as a base for a base to another." (Shi Zhongquan's "Long March") When Yan'an's rectification, Bogu, the main executor of the wrong route, said: "At that time, the military plan was moving and ready to go to Xiangxi." ("Yang Shangkun Memoirs") The Central Teachers sent more than 3,000 people to the central authorities and directly -affiliated arsenal, printing factories, hospitals and other units to help tie machines and prepared for retreat. After two days and two nights of tensions, they sorted out more than 1,000 supplies. At that time, everything that could be taken away was brought away, and the stone printing machine and military machine that was large to printed by the money was as small as a sanitary bowel. Some bulky machines were brought up by 20 people. In order not to make these homes be lost, the combat forces are divided into front, left and right to protect, the main Red One Army and the Red Three Army are left and right forwards. The newly formed eighth and ninth legions are protected on both sides. The two legions were defended by the huge central columns on the left and right. In this way, "the troops that enable the war, like the sedan of the sedan seed, only played the way and cover, and lost the initiative to find the enemy." ("Memoirs of Yang Shangkun")

The main task of the two central columns is to move. Among them, more than 6,000 central teachers, as the second echelon of the central column, carried, carried, and picked more than 600 burdens of different sizes. What kind of team is this? According to Pei Zhouyu, a special agent of the National Political Defense Bureau of the Central Teachers, recalled: "These burdens are used with straw binding machine components. Come to personal can be lifted; useful, blue, gray, black, green, and green all kinds of large wraps, the soldiers carry it with shoulders or use a flat burden; use tin iron skin, The various types of boxes made by wooden boards or bamboo slices are carried away one after the other. These things are sandwiched in the team, making the team that can not be a team, it can't work, and the whole division has pulled a dozen miles a dozen miles. Long. "(" Red Army Long March Memorial History ") Especially after entering the Wuling Mountain area, the team was crowded, and sometimes I walked more than ten or twenty miles a day. Peng Dehuai once said angrily: "Walking on the coffin like this, how can it be like a war! It is really noisy to take the revolution as a play." After the meeting, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to destroy all the more than 400 supplies left at this time. When the troops opened these parcel boxes, they found that "there are printing machines and repair equipment, and there are many useless waste guns, buttons, gun stalks, bullets, hammer, steel strips, wax plates, iron balls, iron balls, iron balls, iron balls, iron balls, iron balls, and iron balls Wait, the most ridiculous are broom, wiping machine cloth, broken work clothes, rotten gloves ". ("Red Army Long March Memories History")

Due to the grim hostility, the troops can only march at night, and most of them are small roads and mountain roads; among the huge teams of more than 80,000 people, more than 10,000 people are moving teams without combat effectiveness, and the task of the main force is to ensure that this is guaranteed to this. The supporting team is not lost, and the passive situation in the early days of the Long March can be imagined. In this regard, Chen Bojun wrote in his diary on the first day of his Long March: "It should be set off at seventeen, but because the thirty -seventh regiment was too extended, it was only started after 18 o'clock. Two o'clock, the time was delayed, blocking the forward echelon. This was really a dull sin. It was 12 hours before the camps before the camp. The troops are tired. "In the following diaries, there are many similar records. For example, November 2nd: "It was night and day, my luggage was too far away from the team, and the delay was too long. The legion waited for us for six hours. We waited for the 37th regiment to wait for seven hours. Wanfen. "November 17:" Continue to march yesterday. The same way along the way, it is not possible to enter. After dawn, it is more than 20 miles away from the destination. It costs half a day. Fatigue, hunger along the way are invincible ", and so on. As a frontline commander, Chen Bojun faced with such a large moving -type transfer, the troops were slow, passive everywhere, and anxiety leaping on the paper. Luo Pinghan: The lecturer of the Chang'an Street Reading Club, the director

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