Actively do a good job of long -term reform and short -term adjustment of the social assistance system and short -term adjustment

At present, my country's social rescue reform and development have entered a new period. For the development of the social assistance system, there are two main background characteristics in the new period. First, with the gradual improvement of economic and social development and the living standards of the people, all people, including those in difficulties, are increasingly descended to a better life, and social assistance is required to play a greater role in helping the people in difficulties. my country's future high -quality development and the road of common prosperity also put forward higher requirements for social assistance. Second, in recent years, due to the impact of the epidemic and economic fluctuations in the new crown pneumonia, my country's economic development has encountered some challenges, and some fluctuations have occurred, which has brought a greater impact on the lives of some difficult people. In the future, my country's economic and social development risks will gradually increase, and we need to establish a sound risk response mechanism, including to further strengthen and optimize the social assistance system to cope with possible risks that may face. To this end, the current social rescue system reform and development must coordinate the tasks of two aspects. On the one hand, long -term reforms should be made in accordance with the requirements of long -term development in the future; on the other hand, we must adjust the operation of the social assistance system to cope with the current special needs.

First of all, in the face of the requirements of future development, it is necessary to carry out long -term reforms of my country's social assistance system. The current social assistance system in my country has been gradually established and improved in response to the specific needs and problems of various stages in the past 20 years. The lack of top -level design in the development process so far, so there are still imperfect places in terms of coverage, project content, and institutional systems. In particular, in the past development process, the main task of my country's social assistance system was to solve the problem of absolute poverty, which mainly helped the most difficult people to meet the basic survival conditions. After achieving the goal of building a well -off society in an all -round way and completing the major strategic task of poverty alleviation, the main goal of my country's future poverty governance should be to establish a long -term mechanism to solve relatively poverty -stricken problems. The construction of the livelihood of the bottom of the pocket. As an important institutional system in the foundation of the foundation and bottom of the people's livelihood, the social rescue system needs to keep up with the times, facing the new requirements for future development, and further improve and optimize the system through reform.

From a series of work in recent years, we have seen actions towards future long -term reforms, which are mainly reflected in the following aspects. The first is to expand the scope of social assistance objects. Until the "Interim Measures for Social Rescue" in 2014, the main projects of my country's social rescue system were basically limited to the minimum guarantee objects, and the coverage was very narrow. Later, with the gradual decrease in the subsistence allowance objects, the coverage of the entire social assistance object was decreased. This trend does not meet the requirements and functional requirements of my country's social assistance in the new period. To this end, in recent years, the coverage of social assistance has gradually been promoted nationwide. The objects of each special rescue are gradually decoupled from the subsistence allowances, and the role of the "low -income" standard in the identification of the "low -income" standard in social assistance is actively promoted to establish a national dynamic monitoring information platform for low -income population. The national low -income population database with more than 62 million basic information such as low -income people, such as the poor population, the population of poverty -poverty, and the difficulty of expenditure -type difficulties has greatly expanded the scope of social assistance objects. The second is to continue to improve the content of social assistance. In the 2014 "Interim Measures for Social Rescue", the content system of my country's social assistance system "8+1" has been determined. Later, with the expansion of economic and social development and the expansion of the livelihood security action system, social assistance and other foundation of people's livelihood security projects continued to expand. The basic living expenses subsidy system and facts of the orphans are improved, and the children's guarantee system is not raised, and the two subsidies of the disabled have been popularized. According to the increasing unemployment problem in recent years, actively explore the incorporation of unemployed personnel into the rescue. Continue to optimize the social assistance mechanism, the most important of which is the object recognition mechanism of the social assistance system. By improving the family's economic status check mechanism, establishing an active discovery mechanism, actively exploring the working model of "big data+iron footboard", and striving to find more accurately discovering all kinds of difficult people. In addition, it also promotes the optimization of the dynamic adjustment mechanism of the subsistence allowances, reasonably determines the conditions for the identification of the property of the subsistence allowance, and reasonably deducts rigid expenditures in terms of expenditure poverty determination, and comprehensively implements the "single -person insurance" policy of the subsistence allowance families. In terms of rescue provision and exit mechanism, "gradual return" has been implemented, and the function of "emergency difficulties" is further strengthened. All these practices have a positive role in promoting the development of my country's social assistance system.

Secondly, the social rescue system must not only solve the problem of routine life difficulties of the people in difficulties, but also to be serious difficulty in staging due to economic fluctuations and major epidemic conditions. In this regard, my country has rich work experience. As early as 2008, when the international financial crisis brought a serious impact on our country, governments at all levels took response measures to strengthen the protection of those affected people. Since the epidemic in the new crown pneumonia in 2020, in the face of the serious impact of the epidemic, the employment and life difficulties caused by some difficult people, under the deployment of the Party Central Committee, the State Council, and the party committees and governments at all levels, the civil affairs departments of various localities have actively carried out the help of the people in difficult people. Support for assistance. Since 2020, the central government has provided special assistance to places in need, requiring and helping local governments to work hard to help people affected by the epidemic. The main measures include: first, outside the original system coverage, but it is indeed difficult to incorporate the scope of rescue; the other is to provide supplementary rescue benefits to the existing rescue objects to ensure the maintenance of its basic living standards; the third is to be based on the actual situation. The content of social assistance needs to be expanded, and the situation that causes difficulties due to unemployment and other reasons into the scope of social assistance. On the one hand, the implementation of these measures effectively helps people in need overcome the difficulties in front of them, and consolidate the guarantee of the pockets of the people in the difficulties; on the other hand, through temporary response measures, it also helps to discover and make up for the existence of the social assistance system in our country. Deadial, thereby further improving my country's social assistance system; on the one hand, in recent years, various response mechanisms for the formation of various response systems in the face of special difficulties will help form a social rescue system in the face of various crisis effects in order to be in the face of various crisis influence in order to be in the face of various crisis influences in order to be in the face of various crisis influences in order to be in the face of various crisis. In the future, when the economic and society is seriously fluctuating, it can better support and protect the people in the difficulties. All in all, in recent years, the reform and development of my country's social assistance system have achieved significant results. The long -term reforms of the long -term reform of the future development and the short -term countermeasures of the special difficulties under the epidemic of the new crown pneumonia have achieved outstanding results. However, in the face of future development, we should continue to strengthen reform and construction, and focus on strengthening the following aspects.

The first is to further clarify the relationship between the long -term reform of my country's social assistance system and short -term response tasks. It is necessary to continue to do a good job in the special assistance of the people who have the impact of the impact of the new crown pneumonia's epidemic, but also focus on the future development, and actively promote long -term reforms, design and implement corresponding reform measures. For the effective systems and practices generated in short -term response operations, it can be included in the future long -term action system. For the design of the long -term system in the future, we must also fully consider the needs of the people in difficult people under the impact of various risk fluctuations in the future.

The second is to further strengthen the top -level design in long -term reforms. On the one hand, we must design a foundation of a pocket livelihood security system in a wider range to strengthen system integration. It is recommended to integrate the foundation of people's livelihood guarantee systems for various difficult people into a system system, strengthen the connection and cooperation between the system and projects, eliminate the loopholes and duplication of the system, and make it more social benefits; on the other hand, on the other hand, Social assistance reform should aim at the general trend of my country's economic and social development, and have greater forward -looking goals and long -term vision. At present, the design reform plan for the next step is to focus on the requirements of the social assistance system when the second century goal is achieved in the middle of this century, and then design the overall and phased goals and reform and development plan of the next decades of decades. Essence Only by setting a long -term goal can we effectively carry out top -level design, so that we can rest assured that the social assistance system can be "set", and we can also make the future social assistance system stabilized and developed for a long time.

The third is to pay more attention to the systematic construction of social assistance. Social assistance is an institutionalized action system. In the face of the requirements of future development, social assistance must have a complete institutional system in order to run smoothly for a long time and achieve expected results. At present, my country's social assistance system for long -term development in the future is still not complete, and the existing reform measures still fail to clearly reflect the requirements of systematic system construction. To this end, from the height of the top -level design, based on the long -term goal of the development of my country's social assistance system in the next decades and the basic principles of active social assistance, the system of social assistance is designed. The focus includes the object system of social assistance (poverty standards, object categories, identification mechanisms, etc.), the main system (the division of responsibilities of governments and governments at all levels, the institutional participation of social forces, etc.) , Levels and provision methods, etc.), as well as institutional systems such as the management system (government management system and grassroots management system, and management system).

Source: "China Social News"

Author: Guan Xinping (Professor of Nankai University and Vice President of the Chinese Society of Social Security)

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